S. 103
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Da es im Lateinischen keine Artikel gibt (für den unbestimmten gibt es gelegentlich Ersatzformen: agricola quidam) und auch Personalpronomina im Nominativ fehlen - mit Ausnahme bei besonderer Betonung -, so ist die Verwechslung von Nominal- und Verbalformen durchaus möglich.
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Ersatzformen des Imperativs
Neben den eigentlichen Imperativformen gibt es zahlreiche andere Möglichkeiten, einen Befehl oder eine Bitte auszudrücken. Gerade in offiziellen Aufforderungen wird oft der Infinitiv verwendet: Auf spielende Kinder achten! Nur hinten einsteigen! Ruhe bewahren!
Möglich ist auch die Verwendung des Indikativs Präsens oder des Futurs: Du siehst dich aber vor! Ich bekomme das Wiener Schnitzel! Wirst du wohl still sein! Ihr werdet euch hüten! Auch eine Konjunktivform lässt sich zur Formulierung einer Aufforderung einsetzen: Man achte auf den Gegenverkehr!
Und zu guter Letzt noch ein Klassiker - in Gestalt eines Partizips: Stillgestanden!
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Arbeitsauftrag
Stellt euch vor, dass es in einigen Jahren für alle Menschen möglich ist, mit der Kraft ihrer Gedanken Computer oder Geräte zu steuern. Schreibt einen Text, in dem ihr möglichst konkret beschreibt, wie sich das Leben verändern würde! Was könnte durch Gedankenkraft darüber hinaus noch alles möglich werden? Welchen Nutzen könnte die Menschheit davon haben? Welche Probleme könnten sich aber auch daraus ergeben? Verwendet den Konjunktiv II im Präteritum und dessen Ersatzform.
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Verwendungsbeispiele
- Solange Film, Funk und Fernsehen sich also damit begnügen, dem Theater Konkurrenz zu machen, bleiben sie "Ersatzformen". (Die Zeit, 11.08.1961, Nr. 33)
- Freilich ist hier die Sportpublizistik in eine "Ersatzform" von Gesellschaftsjournalismus geschliddert. (Die Zeit, 13.01.1986, Nr. 02)
- Sie war eine der naheliegenden christlichen "Ersatzformen" für die antikeinvocatio. (Curtius, Ernst Robert: Europäische Literatur und lateinisches Mittelalter, Tübingen: Francke 1993 [1948], S. 238)
- Die Fortschrittstheorie stellt die zweite Verfalls- und "Ersatzform" des heilsgeschichtlichen Bewußtseins dar. (Plessner, Helmuth: Die verspätete Nation, Stuttgart: Kohlhammer 1962 [1935], S. 93)
S. 32
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Hinzuweisen ist hier noch auf die "Genetiversatzformen" durch die "Umschreibung mit von" oder mittels Dativ und Possesivpronomen - wieder mit der Einschrankung, das ihre Standardsprachlichkeit in Zweifel gezogen wird,5 sowie Varianten der Rektion bei einigen Prapositionen.
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S. 55f
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1.3.5 Morphologie
Am reichsten fällt die Ausbeute unter den Substantiven aus. (1) Genusvarianten in den unterschiedlichsten Schattierungen, Varianten beim Nominativ, Genetiv und in der Pluralbildung finden sich reichlich. Unter den Verben sind der Varianten weniger, die Stammformen einiger starker und unregelmäßiger Verben sind betroffen, die Verbalflexion vor allem dort, wo das System unter der Einwirkung von phonetischen Assimilations- und Dissimilationsprozessen ins Schwanken gerät. (2) Weiters die im gesamten oberdeutschen Bereich begegnende Perfektbildung mit "sein" bei einigen Verben. (3) Auch das Streckperfekt ist als "Ersatzform" des Plusquamperfekt zu den Varianten der verbalen Morphologie zu zählen. (1) Die Morphologie des Adjektivs schließlich weist Varianten im Komparativ und im Superlativ auf. (2) Wie nicht anders zu vermuten, lassen sich auch die morphologischen Varianten nach ihrer Spezifizität und Regionalität nach obiger Typologie klassifizieren.
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6.5.6.13 Ersatzformen
Um Doppelnennungen zu umgehen, bieten sich besonders die "Ersatzformen" an. Es können z. B. Partizipien gebildet werden: der/die Studierende, der/die Auszubildende, der/die Lernende.
Außerdem kann es in manchen Fällen hilfreich sein, von der Nennung der Person auf die der Sache überzugehen: die Betriebsleitung anstatt die Leiterin oder der Leiter des Betriebs. Auch Adjektive können als "Ersatzform" geeignet sein: eine kollegiale Empfehlung anstatt eine Empfehlung der Kollegin/des Kollegen.
Eine weitere "Ersatzform" besteht in der Verwendung von Relativsätzen: Personen, die verbeamtet sind anstatt Beamte und Beamtinnen.
In English, the past tense of the verb "go" is "went", which comes from the past tense of the verb "wend", archaic in this sense. (The modern past tense of "wend" is "wended".)
In English and in Romance languages, the comparative and superlative of the adjectives "good" and "bad" are suppletive.
In English, the complicated irregular verb "be" / "is" / "were" has forms from several different roots: "be" originally comes from Indo-European "*bhu-"; "am", "is" and "are" from "*es-", and "was" and "were" from "*wes-".
Also in English, the word "people" is often used as the plural form of the unrelated word "person" (from the Latin words "populus" and "persona", respectively.)
In Italian, forms such as "io vado", "tu vai", "lui va" are part of the conjugation of the verb "andare" ("to go"). Compare the Spanish "yo "voy, "tú vas", "él va", "nosotros vamos" ... ("ir" "to go") and "yo ando", "tú andas", "él anda" ... ("andar" "to walk"), two separate verbs.
Indeed, the verb "to go" has a variety of suppletive forms in Romance languages. Compare the following paradigms (the first three are from French):
the infinitive "aller", and present "nous allons", "vous allez"; (of obscure Latin origin, either from "ambulare", "walk" or a backformation from "allatus", past participle of "afferre", "carry". "Allatus" from "afferre" is itself a suppletive form in Latin.)
the present "je vais", "tu vas", "il va", "ils vont"; (from Latin "vadere", "wander".)
the future "j'irai", "tu iras", "il ira" ... and conditional "j'irais" etc.); (from Latin "ire", "go")
and, in Spanish, the preterite "yo fui", "tú fuiste", "él fue" (identical to the preterite of "ser" "to be").
"suppletion", noun Grammar.
the use in inflection or derivation of an allomorph that is not related in form to the primary allomorph of a morpheme, as the use of better as the comparative of good.
Origin of "suppletion"
1275–1325; Middle English: "supplementation", "supplement" - Medieval Latin "suppletion-" (stem of "suppletio") a filling up, equivalent to "supplet(us)", past participle of "supplere" "to make complete", (sup-" + "ple-", stem of "plere" "to fill" (see "full" (1)) + "-tus" past participle suffix) + "-ion-".
suppletion, noun
the use of an unrelated word to complete the otherwise defective paradigm of a given word, as for example the use of went for the past tense of go
Derived Forms: "suppletive", noun, adjective
Word Origin for "suppletion"
C14: from Medieval Latin "suppletio" "a completing", from Latin "supplere" "to supply"
"Suppletion"
"Suppletivformen" sind Wortformen mit verschiedenen, nicht (z.B. durch Ablaut oder Umlaut) abgeleiteten Stämmen, die zu einem Flexions paradigma zusammengefasst werden. Die Bildung solcher Formen wird als "Suppletion" (lat. "supplementum", dt. "Ergänzung") bezeichnet.
Beispiele für Suppletivformen:Andere Bezeichnungen
- Kopula "sein": "bist", "ist", "sind", "seid", "warst", "gewesen" usw.
- Komparationsformen bestimmter Adjektive, z.B.: "gut" — "besser" — "(am) best-(en )"
- Kommunikanten-Pronomina / anaphorische Personalpronomina, z.B.: "er" — "ihn" — "ihm" — "seiner"
Übersetzungen forme / terme subsidiaire (französisch)
- Suppletiverscheinung
- Suppletiv-Form
- Suppletivform
- Suppletivismus
- forma suppletiva (italienisch)
- suppletivform (norwegisch)
- forma supletywna (polnisch)
- szuppletív alak (ungarisch)
44 Treffer "suppletion"
- Wissenschaftliche Terminologie: Suppletion - Suppletion
- Kontrastive Sicht: Flexionsklassen der Verben - Von Suppletion bzw. Suppletivformen
- Kontrastive Sicht: Mittel des flexionsmorphologischen Formenbaus - Suppletivformen), wird Suppletion genannt, z.B....Suppletion Die Suppletion (- lat. "supplementum" , dt.
- Kontrastive Sicht: Verbflexion - Vokalwechsel und Suppletion als Mittel zur Kennzeichnung...stark und være mit Suppletivform). Ausführlichere
- Kontrastive Sicht: Flexion der Hilfsverben - die drei weiteren durch Suppletion gebildeten Stammformen, die
- Propädeutische Grammatik: Flexion der Hilfsverben - die drei weiteren durch Suppletion gebildeten Stammformen, die
- Kontrastive Sicht: Mittel des flexionsmorphologischen Formenbaus - Suppletivformen), wird Suppletion genannt, z. B. bei den Pronomina...Suppletion Die Suppletion (- lat. "supplementum" , dt.
- Kontrastive Sicht: anaphorisches Personalpronomen - verschiedener Wortstämme (Suppletion) gekennzeichnet.
- Kontrastive Sicht: Flexionsklassen der Verben - betroffen waren. Von Suppletion bzw. Suppletivformen ist
- Kontrastive Sicht: Verbflexion - Affigierung , Vokalwechsel und Suppletion geleistet. Mit Hilfe der
- Kontrastive Sicht: Flexionsklassen der Verben - Paradigma betroffen waren. Von Suppletion bzw. Suppletivformen ist
- Kontrastive Sicht: Nominalflexion - Vokalwechsel (Umlaut) und Suppletion geleistet. Nominale Flexionsmarker
- Kontrastive Sicht: Mittel des flexionsmorphologischen Formenbaus - Suppletivformen), wird Suppletion genannt, z.B....Flexionsklassen der Verben . Suppletion Die Suppletion (- lat. "supplementum" , dt.
- Kontrastive Sicht: Flexion der Hilfsverben - die drei weiteren durch Suppletion gebildeten Stammformen, die
- Kontrastive Sicht: Nominalflexion - Vokalwechsel (Umlaut) und Suppletion geleistet. Nominale Flexionsmarker
- Kontrastive Sicht: Verbflexion - Affigierung, Vokalwechsel und Suppletion geleistet. Grundlage dafür
- Kontrastive Sicht: Flexionsklassen der Verben - stark und være mit Suppletivform). Bildung des Präteritums...Paradigma betroffen waren. Von Suppletion bzw. Suppletivformen ist
- Kontrastive Sicht: Nominalflexion - Vokalwechsel (Umlaut) und Suppletion geleistet. Nominale Flexionsmarker
- Propädeutische Grammatik: Mittel des flexionsmorphologischen Formenbaus - Suppletivformen), wird Suppletion genannt, z. B. bei den Pronomina...Flexionsklassen der Verben . Suppletion Die Suppletion (- lat. "supplementum", dt.
- Propädeutische Grammatik: Nominalflexion - Vokalwechsel (Umlaut) und Suppletion geleistet. Nominale Flexionsmarker
- Kontrastive Sicht: anaphorisches Personalpronomen - verschiedener Wortstämme (Suppletion) gekennzeichnet.
- Kontrastive Sicht: Flexion der Hilfsverben - die drei weiteren durch Suppletion gebildeten Stammformen, die...norwegische Hilfsverb, das eine Suppletivform aufweist, nämlich die Form
- Kontrastive Sicht: Verbflexion - Affigierung , Vokalwechsel und Suppletion geleistet. Mit Hilfe der
- Kontrastive Sicht: Nominalflexion - Vokalwechsel (Umlaut) und Suppletion geleistet. Nominale Flexionsmarker
- Kontrastive Sicht: Kategorien und Funktionen der Flexionsmorphologie - bei vereinzelten durch Suppletion gebildeten Formen
- Kontrastive Sicht: Mittel des flexionsmorphologischen Formenbaus - Suppletivformen), wird Suppletion genannt, z. B....Flexionsklassen der Verben . Suppletion Die Suppletion (- lat. "supplementum" , dt.
- Kontrastive Sicht: Flexion der Hilfsverben - die drei weiteren durch Suppletion gebildeten Stammformen, die
- Kontrastive Sicht: anaphorisches Pronomen - verschiedener Wortstämme (Suppletion) gekennzeichnet.
- Kontrastive Sicht: Verbflexion - Affigierung, Vokalwechsel und Suppletion geleistet. Grundlage dafür
- Kontrastive Sicht: Flexion der Hilfsverben - die drei weiteren durch Suppletion gebildeten Stammformen, die
- Kontrastive Sicht: Mittel des flexionsmorphologischen Formenbaus - Suppletivformen), wird Suppletion genannt, z. B....Suppletion Die Suppletion (- lat. "supplementum" , dt.
- Propädeutische Grammatik: anaphorisches Personalpronomen - verschiedener Wortstämme (Suppletion) gekennzeichnet.
- Kontrastive Sicht: anaphorisches Personalpronomen - verschiedener Wortstämme (Suppletion) gekennzeichnet.
- Propädeutische Grammatik: Verbflexion - Affigierung , Vokalwechsel und Suppletion geleistet. Mit Hilfe der
- Propädeutische Grammatik: Flexionsklassen der Verben - Paradigma betroffen waren. Von Suppletion bzw. Suppletivformen ist
- Kontrastive Sicht: Flexionsklassen der Verben - betroffen waren. Von Suppletion bzw. Suppletivformen...Konsonantenwechsel sowie Suppletion modifiziert werden können.
- Kontrastive Sicht: Nominalflexion - Vokalwechsel (Umlaut) und Suppletion geleistet. Nominale Flexionsmarker
- Kontrastive Sicht: anaphorisches Personalpronomen - verschiedener Wortstämme (Suppletion) gekennzeichnet....unterschiedlicher Wortstämme (Suppletion) gekennzeichnet wird.
- Kontrastive Sicht: Hilfsverb - Präsens mit Hilfe der Suppletivform er . Alle Hilfsverben bilden
- Kontrastive Sicht: Kopulaverb - Lesz kommt sowohl als Suppletivform zu van , als auch als eigenständiges
- Kontrastive Sicht: Das Futur - konjugierten Formen der Suppletivform lesz realisiert wird (s.
- Kontrastive Sicht: Adjektiv - Die Verwendung einer Suppletivform bei der Steigerung des Adjektivs
- Kontrastive Sicht: Kopulaverb - das Präsens mit Hilfe der Suppletivform er . Alle Kopulaverben
- Kontrastive Sicht: Flexion nach Person und Verbnumerus - Der Infinitiv ist aber eine Suppletivform : lenni ( sein
Suppletion
- Nübling 1998 Zur Funktionalität von Suppletion
- Maratschniger 1997 'Beschädigungskämpfer', 'Kommentkämpfer', 'Maulhelden', 'Rächer', 'Provokateure'. Evolutionsstabile Strategien und ihr Wirken in der Morphologie, demonstriert am Beispiel der Suppletion
- Bittner 1990 Eine unendliche Geschichte? Nochmal zum Verhältnis von Suppletion und Natürlichkeit
- Bittner 1988 Reguläre Irregularitäten. Zur Suppletion im Konzept der natürlichen Morphologie
- Ronneberger-Sibold 1988 Entstehung von Suppletion und Natürliche Morphologie
- Ronneberger-Sibold 1987 Verschiedene Wege zur Entstehung von suppletiven Flexionsparadigmen: deutsch gern - lieber - am liebsten
- Dressler 1985 Suppletion in word formation
- Wurzel 1985 Zur Suppletion bei den Dimensionsadjektiven
suppletion
Definition - An inflected form that is not related to its root; instead it derives from some other unrelated word, i.e. the form doesn't resemble the base form of its grammatical paradigm.
Example - The "went" in the paradigm "go"/"goes"/"going"/"went"/"gone" is what is called a "suppletive form". Some others: "good — better" and "person — people".
Etymology - The word derives from the Latin "suppletio", making complete.
Oxford English Dictionary - Its first citation is from 1933:
"Athematic verbs, as well as their semantic equivalents elsewhere, seem peculiarly liable to "suppletion" by other verbs to furnish their aorists."
(L. H. Gray in Language IX. 84)
We found 18 dictionaries with English definitions that include the word "suppletion":
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Definition: "Suppletion" is the replacement of one stem with another, resulting in an allomorph of a morpheme which has no phonological similarity to the other allomorphs.
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English:French
- suppletion
- suppléance
- supplétion
- supplétisme
Search Results
36 results
- Q: What causes suppletion? - Many forms of 'suppletion' in English can be explained through simple sound changes. Like how the plural -s is voiced if the noun ends in a voiced consonant. Or how our stem-changes (and in other … Germanic languages too) are a consequence of vowel harmony in the ancient past. Though I believe that would more properly be known as 'allomorphy'. What I'm more interested in, is the form of suppletion …
- Q: Suppletion vs. missing verb forms - matter of definition, or is there some reason that ?? cannot be considered an irregular verb which has undergone suppletion? Another example is ?? "suru" (to do), which does not have a potential (can do). In stead, the verb ??? "dekiru" is used. (?? is already irregular, though.) …
- Q: What's the difference between suppletion and irregular inflection? - I've been using the two terms interchangeably. One of my assignments is asking me to identify cases of both suppletion and irregular inflection. I've been going over course notes/google to no avail …
- Q: Suppletion of Spanish “matar” (to kill) by “morir” (to die) in the passive - » Galeano Días [Ur. 1978] The RAE (la Real Academia Española) gives contradictory information on whether this is suppletion of the regular past participle of matar "to kill" (matado) by the irregular …
- Q: Hierarchy of morphology, auxiliaries, and suppletion of verbal accidents? - I would like to make a hierarchy of verbal accidents that would have the following features. For any two accidents in the hierarchy, if a language marks only one of them by lexical suppletion, it …
- Q: Is there any language that doesn't express Tense but allows “aspectual coercion”? - , such a language will fail to show morphological exponence of past or present-oriented meanings. English shows present and past on the verb by suffixation to a root or root suppletion (he goes versus he … exponence of past/present by means of affixation or suppletion, but (b) equivalent sentences as (1)-(4) would be perfectly acceptable. …
- A: Suppletion vs. missing verb forms - I think the question being raised is whether there is a sharp line in inflectional morphology between lexemes (usually verbs) which have defective paradigms, and verbs which exhibit suppletion in … number of uncontroversial cases that furnish examples of suppletion and of defective paradigms. Traditionally, the term suppletion has been applied to alternations in a paradigm between verb forms …
- A: Verb conjugation convergence - Corbett's 2007 paper attributes the term "overlapping suppletion" to Juge (1999). Juge, Matthew L. 1999. On the rise of suppletion in verbal paradigms. Berkeley Linguistics Society 25.183–94. …
- Q: L1 acquisition of morphology in heavily inflected languages - they can have a thousand forms? Attic or Epic Greek, with its hundreds of forms and countless manifestations of suppletion and deponency? (Obviously there would be little data on L1 acquisition here …
- Q: Which features of Georgian verbs can cause an initial “?” (a) to become an “?” (e)? - for having many irregular verbs and lots of suppletion, and there could well be some other categories of the verb that I haven't even become aware of yet. In my quest I discovered on Wiktionary that …
- A: What's the difference between suppletion and irregular inflection? - mouse-mice (Bauer, Lieber and Plag 2013: 22) suppletion Phonetically different bases (historically these forms belonged to different lexemes) German gut 'good'- besser 'better' English go - went …
- A: Hierarchy of morphology, auxiliaries, and suppletion of verbal accidents? - Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect Verbal Number and Suppletion As far as I can tell, there is no data in WALS specifically regarding the order of affixes …
- Q: Why does it appear certain Georgian verbs take preverbs in present forms? - In my continued reading on this topic I've found two interesting facts: The verb base of "to come" / "to go" uses suppletion heavily. Several different roots are used for different screeves or forms …
- A: Verb conjugation convergence - Corbett calls this (in Spanish) overlapping suppletion in his 2007 paper in Language. Stump is credited with the term heteroclisis (see Maiden (2009)). …
- A: Are “go” and “went” part of the same lexeme? - Yes. Several frameworks consider words such as go/went or I/me to be two representations of a single lexical item. Suppletion is the term for when the inflected forms are etymilogically unrelated …
- A: What causes suppletion? - Suppletion is the result of a merger of two or more different words. Originally, there are multiple words with a distinct meaning. However, over time, the meanings converge. At some point, this leads … course more complex, and I don't know them exactly in this particular case. What the example does not show (it is mentioned in the text though) is that French, for instance, also has suppletion in …
- A: What's the difference between suppletion and irregular inflection? - You could have suppletion and a degree of regular inflection. For example, in French, the verb ALLER ('go') has suppletive stems but its inflectional marks are regular: PRS.1PL : Nous all-ons …
- A: Suppletion of Spanish “matar” (to kill) by “morir” (to die) in the passive - The paper Fue muerto: Suppletion in Spanish Analytic Passives (p.96-112) analyses this very question. The authors come to the conclusion that it is indeed suppletion: We claim that there are … participle and unaccusative syntax that blocks mat-. ... 5. Conclusion In this paper we have tackled the controversial issue of whether suppletion, or root allomorphy, exists in human …
- A: Are the morphologies of languages based on regular grammars? - via finite state automata without the need to explicitly enumerate each possible form, but full reduplication, stem alteration (like suppletion and ablaut) or templatic morphology (as in the semitic …
- A: What are the criteria that distinguish clitics/particles from affixes? - I think you've misunderstood the claim that "clitics don't trigger suppletion." It's perfectly consistent to have an unanalyzable clitic like -ak which spells out more than one feature. The usual … claim is that clitics don't trigger suppletion of the lexical word that they attach to. So for instance, if the definite article -a is a clitic, then you shouldn't be able to have a word foo that …
- A: Why are the plural and singular first person forms of the verb “go” so different in the Roma… - etymology is called suppletion, instances of which are overwhelmingly restricted to the most commonly used lexical items in a language. …
- Q: What are the criteria that distinguish clitics/particles from affixes? - considered affixes, as a typical declension features instances of: Suppletion (the definite absolutive plural is an unanalysable -ak); Conditional epenthesis and elision: the dative -i and the cases starting …
- A: Are there ablaut changes in romance languages? - acts like root suppletion and is not productive with new words. Occitan and Catalan have productive vowel-altering processes sometimes called ablaut, but they are not derived from PIE ablaut and are not grammaticalized. …
- A: Are “go” and “went” part of the same lexeme? - Yes, they are. In the sentence John goes to school, goes can be replaced by went and the two sentences have the same meaning (semantic content) except for tense. The base form is usually called lemma …
- Q: Are “go” and “went” part of the same lexeme? - Are “go” and “went” part of the same lexeme, i.e. the same set of inflected forms? Consider this brief Glottopedia entry. The entry defines its subject matter as follows: “A lexeme is usually d …
- A: Are different “aspects” of a Polish verb the same lexeme or different lexemes? - suppletion occurs here it still retains the same basic meaning "to speak", which consitutes a lexeme. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexeme A lexeme (...) is a unit of lexical meaning that exists …
- A: How did Miskito ligatures develop? - infixing class (duri ~ *dwari), and were subsequently reanalyzed as being a suppletive stem in the -ka class. (Suppletion is the operation that occurs when a stem changes form after the addition of …
- A: Word commonly tagged as noun but use as verb - established and made with non-zero morphemes or suppletion. An example of that would be die (v) and death (n). The meaning of such derived elements is usually quite related to what they're derived …
- A: Hierarchy of morphology, auxiliaries, and suppletion of verbal accidents? - I am sure that the book Morphology: a study of the relation between meaning and form by Joan L. Bybee (1985) has something about the relative order of inflectional affixes. I think it was: valenc …
- Q: Why are the plural and singular first person forms of the verb “go” so different in the Roma… - In many Romance languages, the first person plural and singular forms are completely different: French (aller): je vais, nous allons Italian (andare): io vado, noi andiamo Catalan (anar): jo vaig, n …
- A: Hierarchy of morphology, auxiliaries, and suppletion of verbal accidents? - Guglielmo Cinque wrote a book called Adverbs and Functional Heads: A cross-linguistic perspective wherein he (ambitiously) tries to construct a cross-linguistic universal hierarchy of functional categ …
- A: Hierarchy of morphology, auxiliaries, and suppletion of verbal accidents? - Take a look at the first eleven tables in A Siberian Link with Na-Dene Languages, which show the order of constituents in a verbal complex. Included are various Dene-Yeniseian languages as well as Su …
- A: Suppletion vs. missing verb forms - I agree with jlovegren. that it probably has to do with definitions — in fact, I have seen aru called an irregular verb. On the other hand, I hazily remember reading something by Kindaichi Haruhiko wh …
- A: Why does “half” not follow the pattern of ordinal numbers across languages? - As I suspected, this is indeed a case of suppletion, a term defined by A Glossary of Historical Linguistics as The use of two or more originally unconnected forms (roots, stems) in the …
- A: Derivational vs. Inflectional Morphemes - . The farther you go back in history, the more suppletion you will see. It is speculated that the oldest cases were suffixes that were not at all distinctive compared other suffixes, and possibly even …
- A: Did all regular/irregular verbs arise from the same two sources? - means not all of its forms come from the same source. Half of the irregularity is due to this, and actually, the pattern of suppletion is different in each language. Some parts of them are historically …
"Suppletion", "Suppletivismus" - Definition:
The inflection of a word is "suppletive" iff different inflectional categories trigger an allomorphic variaton of the stem such that the allomorphs are neither phonologically nor etymologically related. This kind of allomorphy is called "suppletion".
The obtaining of "suppletion" in a system is called "suppletivism".
Delimitation and History:
The term "suppletion" is generally restricted to stem/root allomorphy, although inflectional and derivational morphemes may likewise exhibit allomorphy between unrelated allomorphs.
Phenomenology:
"Suppletion" of verb roots conditioned by number is found in Khoisan languages.
Examples:
English „go“ and „wen-“ (in „went“) (Matthews 1991:140)
Engl. «good» vs. «bett-» (in «better»)
Term data
Designation - Standard - Language
- suppletion - is std - English
- Suppletion - is std - German
- Suppletivismus - is non-std - German
- supleção - is std - Portuguese
- 79A - Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect - Ljuba N. Veselinova - Verbal Categories - 193
- 79B - Suppletion in Imperatives and Hortatives - Ljuba N. Veselinova - Verbal Categories - 193
- 80A - Verbal Number and Suppletion - Ljuba N. Veselinova - Verbal Categories - 193
Suppletion
MORPHOLOGY: a phenomenon by which the addition of a semantic aspect or grammatical function is expressed by a totally or partially different morpheme which has little or no phonological connection with the base form.
EXAMPLE: the alternation between the English verb "go" and its past tense form "went" is an example of total suppletion. The alternation between "France" and "French" is an example of partial suppletion.
LIT.: Spencer, A. (1991)
Unter "Suppletion" (von lateinisch "supplere" "ergänzen", auch: "Suppletivismus") versteht man in der Sprachwissenschaft die Bildung verschiedener Wortformen eines Flexionsparadigmas unter Verwendung verschiedener Wurzeln. Im Gegensatz dazu stehen nicht-suppletivische Paradigmen, bei denen alle Formen auf dieselbe Wurzel zurückführbar sind.
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Suppletion
In linguistics and etymology, "suppletion" is traditionally understood as the use of one word as the inflected form of another word when the two words are not cognate. For those learning a language, "suppletive" forms will be seen as "irregular" or even "highly irregular". The term "suppletion" implies that a gap in the paradigm was filled by a form "supplied" by a different paradigm. Instances of "suppletion" are overwhelmingly restricted to the most commonly used lexical items in a language.
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suppletion
Definitions
n. Linguistics: The use of an unrelated form to complete a paradigm, as the past tense went of the verb go, goes, going, gone.
n. The supplying of something lacking.
n. The use of an unrelated word or phrase to supply inflected forms otherwise lacking, e.g. using “to be able” as the infinitive of “can”, or “better” as the comparative of “good”.
n. More loosely, use of unrelated (or distantly related) words for semantically related words which may not share the same lexical category, such as father/paternal or cow/bovine.
Etymologies
From Latin "suppletus", past participle of "supplere", "to supply"; see "supply".
Latin "supplere" ("to supply"), perfect stem "supplet-", + "-ion".
suppletion
Origin of suppletion
- the occurrence of an allomorph of a morpheme which has no phonological similarity to the other allomorphs (Ex.: the "-en" of "oxen", as opposed to a form ending in "-s")
- the use of an unrelated word (suppletive form) in a paradigm (Ex.: "went" for the past tense of "go")
- the morphological process by which such replacement occurs
Middle English "supplecioun" from Medieval Latin "suppletio" from Classical Latin "suppletus": see "suppletory"
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SUPPLETIVITÄT oder SUPPLETIVISMUS Supleción
