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Erithacus rubecula (W3)
Der engl. "Robin Redbreast" heißt dt. "Rotkehlchen". Dabei handelt es sich um den zool.-lat. "Erithacus rubecula". Das Adjektiv lat. "ruber", "rubra", "rubrum" = dt. "rot", "rot gefärbt", "gerötet" findet man auch in lat. "mare rubrum" = dt. "das Rote Meer" ("Persischer Golf", "Indischer Ozean").
Die Beschreibung für den "Erithacus rubecula" lautet "oberseits olivbrauner Singvogel mit rostroter Kehle, Stirn und Vorderbrust sowie mit weißlicher Unterseite". Ursprünglich umfasste die Farbbezeichnung rot einen großen Farbbereich. Als dann im 16. Jh. die Farbbezeichnung "orange" mit der "Orange" aus dem Sanskrit oder Tamil über arab. "naranj" und engl. "a naranj", "an aranj", "an orange" nach Europa kam beließ man es dennoch beim dt. "Rotkehlchen" bzw. engl. "Robin Redbreast". Dt. "Orangekehlchen" bzw. "Robin Orangebreast" wäre auch nicht so handlich.
Zum Artnamen "Erithacus" ist lediglich zu erfahren, dass er aus dem Altgriechischen stammt und ursprünglich einen heute unbekannten Vogel bezeichnete.
(E?)(L?) http://www.afblum.be/bioafb/index.htm
Rougegorge familier Erithacus rubecula (Linnaeus, 1758)
Rougegorge familier Erithacus rubecula, Turdidae, Passeriformes, Oiseaux (Hamois, Condroz, Province de Namur, Belgique - 15/11/1997 - Diapositive originale réalisée par Eric Walravens).
Rougegorge familier Erithacus rubecula, Turdidae, Passeriformes, Oiseaux (Lac du Der, Département de la Marne, Région de Champagne-Ardenne, France- 22/11/2008 - Photographie originale réalisée par Eric Walravens).
Rougegorge familier Erithacus rubecula, Turdidae, Passeriformes, Oiseaux (Hamois, Condroz, Province de Namur, Belgique - 23/11/2008 - Photographie originale réalisée par Eric Walravens).
(E?)(L?) https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107540#page/225/mode/1up
I. Gattung: Erdsänger, Erithacus - Cuvier
(E?)(L?) https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107540#page/244/mode/1up
Rotkehlchen - Robin - Erithacus rubecula
(E?)(L?) https://www.eslpublishing.com/seeing-red-by-grammar-diva-arlene-miller/
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In Europe we have a bird, the "European Robin", "Erithacus rubecula". "Robin Redbreast" — usually depicted standing on a snow-covered log—adorns Christmas cards across the globe, even in countries that have never seen a living example of the creature.
Ask anybody, from the tiniest tot to a grown adult, to draw one or colour in an outline, and the first colour they will reach for is scarlet. Everybody knows the colour.
So red are the chest feathers of this bird that there are folk stories from across Europe telling how this colour arose, mainly involving the blood of Christ during the crucifixion.
When the Victorians introduced the world’s first national postal delivery system, the delivery boys’ uniforms included a crimson waistcoat and they were immediately nicknamed “Robins.”
In Latin "rubecula" indicates "red".
But there is a problem because the breast of the "European Robin" is not red — it’s orange! Even people who see these birds on an almost-daily basis will insist this statement is incorrect, and the breast is red. Shown a photograph as proof, they may suggest there was something wrong with the development process, or the film, or the camera … anything except that they might have been misled, or have misled themselves, all these years. Okay, have you just Googled "European Robin"? Were you surprised that I am right? Proof of the power of words.
So how did this strange situation come about?
The problem is that the bird has existed alongside man for tens of thousands of years, but the word "orange" didn’t enter the English language until the sixteenth century. Until then there was "red" and variations of "red". The nearest the language had to "orange" was "yellow-red" (geoluread—geh-olloo-reh-ahd—in Old English). But "Robin Geoluread-Breost" doesn’t have much of a ring to it, does it?
The word "orange" probably originated as the name of the fruit in Sanskrit or Tamil, arriving in Europe via the Arabic "naranj" (they’re all very similar to modern Spanish’s "naranja"). When the Europeans acquired the "yellow-red" fruit, they started using the name to describe the colour.
But wait a minute. How did "naranj" morph into "orange"? By a process called "rebracketing" or "wrong word division", and it’s easy to see how "a naranj" became "an aranj" and finally "an orange". This process was also seen when, for example, "a napron" became "an apron", or in reverse when "an eke name" (literally an "also name") became "a nickname".
But "orange" presented another difficulty to the English language in that it is one of the few words for which there is not a perfect rhyme. But on that score I think we might also have struggled with geoluread too.
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(E?)(L?) http://www.naturfoto-cz.de/motivsuche/?retezec_search=Erithacus+rubecula&hledat.x=9&hledat.y=10
Rotkehlchen - Erithacus rubecula
(E?)(L?) http://tierdoku.com/index.php?title=Rotkehlchen
Das "Rotkehlchen" ("Erithacus rubecula"), auch unter den Synonymen "Dandalus rubecula", "Lusciola rubecula", "Motacilla rubecula" und "Sylvia rubecula" sowie unter den Bezeichnungen "Rotbrüstchen", "Kehlröschen", "Waldröschen", "Winterröschen" oder "Rotkröpfchen" bekannt, zählt innerhalb der Familie der Fliegenschnäpper (Muscicapidae) zur Gattung "Erithacus". Im Englischen wird das "Rotkehlchen" "european robin" oder nur "robin" genannt.
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(E?)(L?) http://www.kruenitz1.uni-trier.de/cgi-bin/callKruenitz.tcl
Erithacus, siehe "Rothkehlchen"
"Rothkehlchen", "Rothkelgen", "Rothbrüstchen", "Waldröthlein", "Rothkröpfchen", "Rothkehlein", "Rothbart", Lat. "Rubecula". "Motacilla (Rubecula) grisea", "gula pectoreque ferrugineis Linn." Syst, Nat XII. p 337, n. 45. "Motacilla grisea". gula pectoreque fulvis Fauna Suec. n. 206. Erithacus sive Rubecula Aldrov. Av. Tom. III, p. 741. willughby Ornithol. p. 160. Erithacus Aristoteli. Rubecula gàzae. Gesn. lcon Avi p. 48. Sylvia sylvatica. Klein Avi. 77 n. I. Ficedula fulva, pectore rubro, Barerre Ornithol. Class. II. Gen. 18. Sp. 4. Griech. "???"; Ital. "Pettirosso", "Pettusso", "Pechietto"; Portug. "Pitiroxo"; Catalon. "Pita-roiti"; Schwed. "Rot-gel"; Engl. "Red-breast", "Robinredbreast", "Ruddock"; Franz. "Rouge-gorge", "Rouge-bourse", "Gorge-rouge", "Rubeline", "Godrille" und in verschiedenen Departements Frankreichs "Roupie", "Rubiette", "Rubienne", "Jaunar", "Russe", "Bosote", "Berée", "Ruche", "Frilleuse" etc.; Holl. "Rotborste"; Poln. "Gil Illyr-czier-wenka", "zer-wenka".
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(E?)(L?) https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotkehlchen
Das Rotkehlchen (Erithacus rubecula) ist eine Vogelart aus der Familie der Fliegenschnäpper (Muscicapidae). Es besiedelt Nordafrika, Europa und Kleinasien sowie die Mittelmeerinseln. Seine Nahrung besteht vor allem aus Insekten, kleinen Spinnen, Würmern und Schnecken. Sein Gesang beginnt etwa eine Stunde vor Sonnenaufgang und ist bis in die Dämmerung fast das ganze Jahr über zu hören. Die Art gilt derzeit als ungefährdet.
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(E?)(L?) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_robin
The "European robin" ("Erithacus rubecula"), known simply as the "robin" or "robin redbreast" in the British Isles, is a small insectivorous passerine bird that belongs to the chat subfamily of the Old World flycatcher family. About 12.5–14.0 cm (5.0–5.5 inches) in length, the male and female are similar in colouration, with an "orange breast" and face lined with grey, brown upper-parts and a whitish belly. It is found across Europe, east to Western Siberia and south to North Africa; it is sedentary in most of its range except the far north.
The term "robin" is also applied to some birds in other families with red or orange breasts. These include the "American robin" ("Turdus migratorius"), a thrush, and the "Australasian robins" of the family Petroicidae, the relationships of which are unclear.
Name, taxonomy and systematics
The "European robin" was described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the 10th edition of his Systema Naturae under the binomial name "Motacilla rubecula". Its specific epithet "rubecula" is a diminutive derived from the Latin "ruber" = "red". The genus "Erithacus" was introduced by French naturalist Georges Cuvier in 1800, giving the bird its current binomial name "E. rubecula". The genus name "Erithacus" is from Ancient Greek and refers to an unknown bird, now usually identified as "robin".
The distinctive orange breast of both sexes contributed to the "European robin"'s original name of "redbreast", "orange" as a colour name being unknown in English until the 16th century, by which time the fruit had been introduced. In the 15th century, when it became popular to give human names to familiar species, the bird came to be known as "robin redbreast", which was eventually shortened to "robin". As a given name, "Robin" is originally a diminutive of "Robert". Other older English names for the bird include "ruddock" and "robinet". In American literature of the late 19th century, this "robin" was frequently called the "English robin". Dutch "roodborstje", French "rouge-gorge", German "Rotkehlchen", Italian "pettirosso", Spanish "petirrojo" and Portuguese "pisco-de-peito-ruivo" all refer to the distinctively coloured front.
The genus "Erithacus" previously included the "Japanese robin" and the "Ryukyu robin". These east Asian species were shown in molecular phylogenetic studies to be more similar to a group of other Asian species than to the "European robin". In a reorganisation of the genera, the "Japanese robins" and the "Ryukyu robins" were moved to the resurrected genus "Larvivora" leaving the "European robin" as the sole member of "Erithacus". The phylogenetic analysis placed "Erithacus" in the subfamily "Erithacinae", which otherwise contained only African species, but its exact position with respect to the other genera was not resolved.
The genus "Erithacus" was formerly classified as a member of the thrush family ("Turdidae") but is now considered to belong to the Old World flycatcher family ("Muscicapidae"), specifically to the chats (subfamily "Saxicolinae") which also include the common nightingale.
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Erstellt: 2020-12