Etymologie, Etimología, Étymologie, Etimologia, Etymology, (griech.) etymología, (lat.) etymologia, (esper.) etimologio
US Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika, Estados Unidos de América, États-Unis d'Amérique, Stati Uniti d'America, United States of America, (esper.) Unuigintaj Statoj de Ameriko
Einkaufen, Comprar, Acheter, Acquistare, Shopping, (esper.) butikumi

Black Friday (W3)

• Schülerbezeichnung für einen Freitag, an dem eine Prüfung geschrieben wird (laut OED schon seit 1610)
• Die Bezeichnung für Freitag den 06.12.1745, an dem die Ankunft des jungen Thronfolgers in London verkündet wurde.
• Freitag, 11.05.1866, an dem es zur Panik, nach der Insolvenz des londoner Bankhauses Overend, Gurney, & Co.
• Freitag 24.09.1869, an dem Panik an der Wall Street ausbrach, nachdem eine große Goldmenge aus Staatsbesitz auf den Markt kam.
• ...

The original American "Black Friday" dates back to late September, 1869. That's when the U.S. Treasury thwarted a pair of scheming robber barons' efforts to corner the market on gold. Their plan was averted, but financial panic ensued.

Other dark money days followed, the most memorable of which was "Black Tuesday", the October 1929 stock market crash marking the start of the Great Depression. Fifty-eight years later, "Black Tuesday" was succeeded by "Black Monday", when the market dropped more than 20%.

But although all these modern black days are associated with money, the very earliest days colored black were not. "Good Friday" (which solemnizes the crucifixion of Jesus) was also known as "Black Friday", and "black" has long been tagged onto any day noted for disaster or calamity.

The day after Thanksgiving Day that signals the beginning of the Christmas shopping season. Retailers kick off the season by offering deep discounts on products for those shoppers lucky enough to obtain the limited supply. Brick and mortar stores traditionally open much earlier than normal business hours, including a few at 12:00 AM midnight. In recent years, e-commerce sites have begun offering discounts and free shipping on "Black Friday", as well as created their own shopping holiday in "Cyber Monday".

"Black Friday" - Definitions (3)

• 1. September 24, 1869, the day the markets crashed following a failed attempt by some financiers to corner the gold market. Led to a depression.
• 2. In a more general sense, any Friday in which a public calamity occurred.
• 3. More recently, the term "Black Friday" has been applied to the day after Thanksgiving in which retailers make enough sales to put themselves "into the black ink."

• [Ads-l] Barry Popik's recent research on "Black Friday" origins Bonnie Taylor-Blake
• [Ads-l] Barry Popik's recent research on "Black Friday" origins Wilson Gray

• •[Ads-l] "Black Friday" = having to work the day after a Thursday holiday (1957) Bonnie Taylor-Blake

• •[Ads-l] "Black Friday" -- extended uses? Joel S. Berson
• •[Ads-l] Black Friday in Rochester, NY, 1961 Laurence Horn
• •[Ads-l] Black Friday in Rochester, NY, 1961 Dave Hause
• •[Ads-l] Black Friday in Rochester, NY, 1961 Joel S. Berson
• •[Ads-l] Black Friday in Rochester, NY, 1961 Laurence Horn

• •[Ads-l] Another faux etymology for "Black Friday" (day after Thanksgiving) Bonnie Taylor-Blake
• •[Ads-l] Another faux etymology for "Black Friday" (day after Thanksgiving) Ben Zimmer
• •[Ads-l] Another faux etymology for "Black Friday" (day after Thanksgiving) Bonnie Taylor-Blake
• •[Ads-l] Another faux etymology for "Black Friday" (day after Thanksgiving) ADSGarson O'Toole
• •[Ads-l] Another faux etymology for "Black Friday" (day after Thanksgiving) Wilson Gray
• •[Ads-l] Black Friday in Rochester, NY, 1961 Ben Zimmer
• •[Ads-l] Black Friday in Rochester, NY, 1961 Bonnie Taylor-Blake
• •[Ads-l] Black Friday in Rochester, NY, 1961 ADSGarson O'Toole
• •[Ads-l] Black Friday in Rochester, NY, 1961 Christopher Philippo
• •[Ads-l] Black Friday in Rochester, NY, 1961 ADSGarson O'Toole
• •[Ads-l] Black Friday in Rochester, NY, 1961 Bonnie Taylor-Blake

• •Black Friday comes to Britain Joel S. Berson
• •Canadian Black Friday Dave Wilton
• •Canadian Black Friday Michael Quinion
• •Canadian Black Friday Joel S. Berson

• •black Friday Herb Stahlke
• •black Friday Ben Zimmer
• •black Friday Laurence Horn

• •"Black Friday" on Word Routes Ben Zimmer
• •"Black Friday" on Word Routes Bonnie Taylor-Blake
• •"Black Friday" on Word Routes Baker, John

• •On the early days of Philadelphia's Black Friday (ca. 1960) Bonnie Taylor-Blake

• •Black Friday (day after Thanksgiving), 1961 Bonnie Taylor-Blake
• •Black Friday (day after Thanksgiving), 1961 Garson O'Toole

• •"Black Friday" (day after Thanksgiving), 1951 Bonnie Taylor-Blake

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(Murphy again used "Black Friday" in his column for the February, 1952, issue [p. 133]: "November FACTORY [page 137] told of one company's solution to heavy Friday-after-Thanksgiving absenteeism. The company added "Black Friday" to its list of paid holidays."]
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• •[1966] "Black Friday" (day after Thanksgiving) Bonnie Taylor-Blake
• •[1966] "Black Friday" (day after Thanksgiving) Wilson Gray
• •[1966] "Black Friday" (day after Thanksgiving) Mark Mandel
• •[1966] "Black Friday" (day after Thanksgiving) Bonnie Taylor-Blake
• •[1966] "Black Friday" (day after Thanksgiving) James Smith
• •[1966] "Black Friday" (day after Thanksgiving) Bonnie Taylor-Blake
• •[1966] "Black Friday" (day after Thanksgiving) sagehen
• •[1966] "Black Friday" (day after Thanksgiving) Benjamin Barrett
• •[1966] "Black Friday" (day after Thanksgiving) Joel S. Berson
• •[1966] "Black Friday" (day after Thanksgiving) Joel S. Berson
• •[1966] "Black Friday" (day after Thanksgiving) James Smith

• •Another early "Black Friday" (day after Thanksgiving) Bonnie Taylor-Blake

• •"Black Friday," again Baker, John
• •"Black Friday," again Bonnie Taylor-Blake

• •"Black Friday," again Bonnie Taylor-Blake
• •"Black Friday," again Sam Clements
• •"Black Friday," again Wilson Gray

• •Black Friday Baker, John
• •Black Friday Ben Ostrowsky
• •Black Friday Baker, John
• •Black Friday; Wedge (1958) Bapopik
• •Black Friday; Wedge (1958) Baker, John

• •Santa Claus Rally (1969 or 1976); Black Friday (1975) Bapopik

Entry from September 24, 2017 - Black Friday (Big Friday)

"Black Friday” is the name of the busy shopping day after Thanksgiving, but there were other Black Fridays. The financial term “Black Friday” was popularized in the United States on September 24, 1869, when the stock market crashed.

The first “Black Friday” referring to the day after Thanksgiving was cited in print in November 1951 and involved the worker disease of “Friday-after-Thanksgiving-itis.” Employees liked to take the day off to have a four-day weekend off from work.
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Entry from November 23, 2017 - Black Friday (false etymology about slavery)

“Black Friday” (or “Big Friday") is the name for the day after Thanksgiving—a busy shopping day. The term was popularized by the police in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1960, to describe the heavy traffic.
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Entry from September 15, 2008 - Black Monday; Black Tuesday; Black Thursday; Black Friday (Wall Street stock declines)

A day of stock market catastrophe. Originally, September 24th, 1869 was termed "Black Friday". The crash was sparked by gold speculators including Jay Gould and James Fist attempting to corner the gold market. Their attempt failed and the gold market collapsed, causing the market to tank.
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E. Cobham Brewer 1810–1897. Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 1898.

"Black Friday": December 6th, 1745, the day on which the news arrived in London that the Pretender had reached Derby.

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Der sogenannte "Black Friday Sale" ist ein Brauch, der ursprünglich aus den USA stammt und sich inzwischen auch im europäischen Raum als wichtiges Shopping-Event fest etabliert hat. Denn ungeachtet des auf den ersten Blick negativ erscheinenden Namens ist der schwarze Freitag nichts anderes als der international größte Schnäppchen-Tag des Jahres.
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Black Friday Or black month I have 10% discount ...

2013 US-to-UK Word of the Year: Black Friday

Dec 28, 2013 Long-time readers will know that every year I pick (with some helpful suggestions from readers) words of the year with a twist: they must be American words that made a splash in the UK, or British ones that found fame or infamy in the US. Or something like that. As I did last year, so here is the first one!

The 2013 US-to-UK Word of the Year is: "Black Friday"
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Black Friday

Wen erinnert es nicht gleich, wenn man was um diese Zeit was mit Aktien zutun gehabt hat, an den schwarzen Freitag 1987. Der Börsencrash schlechthin. Also trinken Sie einen drauf, nur die Börsianer sind gemeint!

Whiskey und den Kaffeelikör in ein mit Eiswürfeln gefülltes Whiskeyglas gießen, ein Spritzerchen Sodawasser hinzufügen, Zitronenschale hineinlegen, und dann gut umrühren. Fertig.

"black Friday" - "Psaltoda pictibasis" (Walker)

"Black Friday": An Unfortunate Expression

By Maeve Maddox
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..., dating at least from Roman times, "black" in front of a day of the week conveys something bad. In the United States, "black" days of the week are associated with trouble in the stock market.

• Black Tuesday: October 29, 1929, the day of the stock market crash that ushered in the Great Depression
• Black Thursday: October 24, 1929, the day of the market downturn a few days before the big crash.
• Black Monday: October 19, 1987, another stock market crash.

Other countries have similar calendar expressions to commemorate terrible things:

• Black July: 1983 pogrom of Tamil population in Sri Lanka in which 1,000 died.
• Black September: 1970 "era of regrettable events" during which 7,000 to 8,000 people died in Jordan as a result of hostilities involving the PLO. (Wikipedia)

The commercial meaning "the Friday after Thanksgiving which determines whether or not a retailer will make a profit for the year" is actually quite recent. The earliest documentation for this meaning of Black Friday is from the 1970s.
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Sendung vom 25.10.2004

"Schwarzer Freitag"

Vor 75 Jahren beginnt mit dem Crash an der New Yorker Börse die Weltwirtschaftskrise

„Wall Street legt ein Ei“ spottete das US Unterhaltungsmagazin „Variety“ am Morgen des 25. Oktober 1929. Da sahen die ersten Panikverkäufe nur nach Gewitter aus, doch schon wenige Stunden später bebte in Manhattans Finanzdistrikt die Erde : Tausende um ihre Ersparnisse bangende, in wachsende Wut und Panik geratene New Yorker setzten zum Sturm auf die Börse an.

Von Barbara Jentzsch

The tremendous crowds which you see gathered outside the stock exchange are due to the biggest crash in the history of the New York stock exchange.

Der 25. Oktober ist als "Schwarzer Freitag" in die Finanzgeschichte eingegangen. "Black Friday" war ein ökonomisches Pearl Harbor. Der Zusammenbruch der größten Börse der Welt beendete schlagartig die "Roaring Twenties", die in unternehmerischer Euphorie und heißem Spekulationsfieber glühenden Zwanziger Jahre. Aus der Traum vom großen, schnellen Geld, vom Anspruch auf ewigen Reichtum, große Vermögen auf billigen Kredit.
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The Popular Story About Black Friday’s Name Is A Myth
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Where did "Black Friday" come from?

Following suit with the earlier "black" days, the true origin of the post-Thanksgiving "Black Friday" lies in the sense of black meaning "marked by disaster or misfortune". In the 1950s, factory managers first started referring to the Friday after Thanksgiving as "Black Friday" because so many of their workers decided to falsely call in sick, thus extending the holiday weekend.

About 10 years later, "Black Friday" was used by Philadelphia traffic cops to describe the day after Thanksgiving because they had to work 12-hour shifts in terrible traffic. Soon, the term caught on among shoppers and merchants in Philadelphia, and from there it took off nationwide.
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Black Friday

"Black Friday"

List of Black Friday-related emojis.

• ?? Money-Mouth Face
• ?? Person Running
• ?? Black Heart
• ?? Shopping Bags
• ?? Convenience Store
• ?? Department Store
• ?? Wrapped Gift
• ?? Money Bag
• ?? Dollar Banknote
• ?? Money With Wings
• ?? Credit Card
• ?? Receipt
• ?? Shopping Cart
• ?? Japanese “Discount” Button
• ? Black Large Square
• ? Black Circle
• ?? Black Flag

Als "Black Friday" wird in den USA der Tag nach dem Feiertag Thanksgiving bezeichnet. Seit den 1960er Jahren dient der Brückentag dem Handel als Auftakt für das Weihnachtsgeschäft. Händler versuchen, die Verbraucher mit Rabatten und Sonderangeboten in die Geschäfte zu locken. Am "Black Friday" sowie dem darauffolgenden Wochenende und dem für den Onlinehandel wichtigen "Cyber Monday" werden die höchsten Umsätze des gesamten Jahres erzielt. In Deutschland startete Apple erstmals 2006 eine vergleichbare Shopping-Aktion, die in den folgenden Jahren von immer mehr Händlern aufgegriffen wurde. Anders als in den USA werden die Rabatte in Deutschland vorrangig online angeboten. Diese Online-Rabattaktionen wurden von Verbraucherschützern allerdings als "künstlich aufgeblasen" kritisiert. Im Folgenden finden sich alle Artikel zum Black Friday.
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Schwarze Freitage im Finanzwesen und die Macht der Zyklen

• Freitag, 06.12.1745 Vorübergehender Kollaps des Bankenwesens und des Wirtschaftslebens in London
• Freitag, 11.05.1866 Bankrott der Londoner Diskontbank Overend, Gurney and Co. Limeted
• Freitag, 24.09.1869 US-amerikanische Finanzkrise aufgrund von Spekulationen
• Freitag, 09.05.1873 Wiener Börsenkrach
• Freitag, 13.05.1927 Kurzsturz an der Berliner Börse
• Freitag, 25.10.1929 Beginn des Zusammenbruchs der US-amerikanischen Börse (Auslöser für die Weltwirtschaftskrise)

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Is Black Friday the biggest shopping day of the year?

How Black Friday Works

What is "Black Friday"

"Black Friday" has two relevant meanings. In history, "Black Friday" was a stock market catastrophe that took place on Sept. 24, 1869. On that day, after a period of rampant speculation, the price of gold plummeted, and the markets crashed.

But the more contemporary meaning refers to the day after the U.S. Thanksgiving holiday, which has also traditionally been a holiday itself for many employees. It is typically a day full of special shopping deals and heavy discounts and is considered as the kickoff of the holiday shopping season.
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Black Friday
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Note: The origin of "Black Friday" in this sense is not known for certain. The day was allegedly so named either in reference to traffic congestion in central cities on the day after Thanksgiving or to the supposed fact that retailers' accounts shifted from red to black with the beginning of the shopping season.

First Known Use of Black Friday: 1961, in the meaning defined above
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Black Friday (29-Feb-1940)

Where Did The Term "Black Friday" Originate?

Language guru Ben Zimmer has tracked down what he believes to be the source of the phrase. He writes that the term originated in the 1960s in Philadelphia. Traffic was so bad the day after Thanksgiving that police officers had to work 12-hour shifts. So they gave the day a negative — and memorable — name.
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"Black Friday", etc. The first "Black Friday" in the British financial world fell on May 10, 1886, when certain brokers suspended payments and a widespread panic ensued. America’s first "Black Friday" also came in 1886, when Jay Gould and Jim Fisk tried to bribe public officials in an attempt to corner the gold market; their manipulation failed when the government released gold for sale, but it ruined thousands of investors. With the Panic of 1929, the beginning of America’s Great Depression, came "Black Wednesday" (October 23) when stocks began falling; "Black Thursday" (October 24), the day the bottom dropped out of the market; and "Black Tuesday" (October 29), when over 16 million shares were traded. "Black Monday" was Easter Monday in 1360, a terrible day for the English armies in France, while "Black Saturday" refers to August 4, 1671, when there was a violent storm in Scotland. History seems to record no "Black Sunday". "Black Friday" today usually means the Friday after Thanksgiving, marking the beginning of the Christmas season, when manufacturers and retailers often see their books go from "in the red" to "in the black", giving them a profit for the year. However, the Saturday before Christmas is generally the most profitable day of the year for U.S. retailers.

Limericks on "Black Friday"

The origin of Black Friday and other Black Days
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When was the first Black Friday?

Though those working in customer services may wish that this year will be the last time we mark "Black Friday", when was the first "Black Friday"? The earliest evidence for the term found by researchers at the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is from 1610. It will surprise no one to hear that this "Black Friday" had very little to do with sales, or Thanksgiving. The first "Black Friday" did not refer to a specific Friday, but rather was used in schools to refer to any Friday on which an exam fell. It is something of a comfort to know that, even in the 17th century, exams were regarded with that same familiar dread.

We have found no evidence from before 1951 of "Black Friday" referring to the day following Thanksgiving, and in this instance its sense was markedly different to how we use the term today. In this context, instead, the day was associated with staff absences from factories following the Thanksgiving holiday. The first citation found for Black Friday in the sense of the start of the Christmas shopping season comes ten years later, in 1961.
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• Which other Fridays have been Black?
• Spreading around the world
• Black Monday, Black Tuesday, Black Wednesday…
• The advent of Cyber Monday

Why is the day after Thanksgiving called ‘Black Friday’?

The Origin of Black Friday and Other Black Days

The term "Black Friday" first appeared in print in 1610, and it had very little to do with sales or Thanksgiving. The first "Black Friday" actually referred to tests in schools.
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It is something of a comfort to know that, even in the 17th century, exams were regarded with that same familiar dread.

We have found no evidence from before 1951 of Black Friday referring to the day following Thanksgiving, and in this instance its sense was markedly different to how we use the term today. In this context, instead, the day was associated with staff absences from factories following the Thanksgiving holiday. The first citation found for Black Friday in the sense of the start of the Christmas shopping season comes ten years later, in 1961.

Which Other Fridays Have Been Black?

The moniker has been attached to a number of different Fridays in the years between 1610 and 1951.
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Black Monday, Black Tuesday, Black Wednesday…
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Quotations about "Black Friday" and "Cyber Monday" Shopping

Black Friday - by Steely Dan

Black Friday

The Rise of "Cyber Monday"... and New Light on "Black Friday"

December 1, 2014

Today is "Cyber Monday," the day that retailers have anointed as the kickoff of the online holiday shopping season. "Cyber Monday" is a recent coinage, going back to a 2005 press release. "Black Friday," on which "Cyber Monday" is modeled, goes back to the early 1960s, and some newly discovered evidence illuminates its early use.
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Back in Black: On the Origins of "Black Friday"

November 28, 2014

On "Black Friday", the day after Thanksgiving, Americans kick off the holiday shopping season with a bang. We look back to a Word Routes column by lexicographer Ben Zimmer exploring the origins of the phrase "Black Friday". It is not, as many believe, the day when retailers' balance sheets change from red to black.
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How "Black Friday" Spawned "Cyber Monday"

December 2, 2013

In case you haven't heard, today is "Cyber Monday," the day that retailers have decided we should all be flocking to make online purchases for our holiday gift list. Last year, Ben Zimmer explained how the advent of "Black Friday" led to the branding of "Cyber Monday" and other days in the Holy Week of shopping.
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Clearing Up Christmas Carol Confusions

December 20, 2012

Christmas songs: On city sidewalks and every street corner... from Black Friday through New Year's... they're broadcast inside and out, they stick in our heads, they are parodied and rewritten, and yet many of us, even as we sing along, don't give much thought to what the words mean.
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From "Cyber Monday" to "Cyber Week"

November 26, 2012

By Ben Zimmer

Retailers, not content with branding products, have lately taken to branding days of the week, as a way to hype the holiday shopping rush. "Black Friday", the name for the day after Thanskgiving, was transformed from a negative to a positive by some clever etymological mythologizing (make that etymythologizing). Then the Monday after Thanksgiving was christened "Cyber Monday", and now some marketers would like to extend that to a "Cyber Week".
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The Origins of "Black Friday"

November 25, 2011

By Ben Zimmer
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After Thanksgiving" in the November 1951 issue of Factory Management and Maintenance. The article (posted by Taylor-Blake here) was about worker absenteeism on that day, rather than the shopping rush.
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It's worth noting that all of the historical predecessors for the modern Black Friday were negative events. One early "Black Friday" was on Dec. 6, 1745, when news of the landing in Scotland of Charles Edward Stuart, pretender to the throne, was publicized in London. "Black Friday" was also used to describe financial panics of 1869 and 1873. Despite that history, and the experience of the poor Philadelphia traffic cops, the commercial propaganda about "Black Friday" being connected to "black ink" (profitability) has obscured the true origins of the term. As always, watch out for etymythology!
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'Black Friday': A Busy Shopping Day for Sure, but a Murky Origin
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Qu’est ce que le "Black Friday"

Le "Black Friday" marque traditionnellement, au lendemain du repas de Thanksgiving, le coup d’envoi de la période des achats de fin d’année.

L’origine du terme est associée à une opération comptable plus ou moins anecdotique. En effet, on relate qu'à l'époque où la comptabilité était tenue à la main, les comptes étaient écrits en rouge, car déficitaires, toute l’année jusqu’à ce fameux vendredi. Les achats du lendemain de Thanksgiving permettaient de sortir "du rouge", faisant passer les comptes en positif, ce qui permettait de les écrire à l’encre noire, d'où le terme de "vendredi noir".

Commercialement parlant, pour assurer le plus grand profit possible, l’habitude fut prise de proposer des soldes conséquentes pour lancer la saison des achats.

Historiquement, le "Black Friday" fait également référence au vendredi 11 novembre 1887, quand furent exécutés les quatre des huit anarchistes arrêtés après l'explosion d'une bombe lors du rassemblement de Haymarket Square, à Chicago.

Cette manifestation était la réponse des ouvriers anarchistes de la ville à la répression policière qui avait sévi quelques mois plus tôt, le 3 mai 1886, lors de la grève des ouvriers des usines Mc Cormick, faisant deux morts parmi ceux-ci.

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"Black Friday" is generally perceived to be one of the largest major U.S. holiday shopping days for the retail industry, and is the day that most retailers become profitable for the year (i.e., go into the black).

But in the early 1960s, "Black Friday" came to be used in Philadelphia to describe the post-Thanksgiving shopping rush. Taylor-Blake discovered an article in a public relations newsletter from 1961 that uses "Black Friday" in its current meaning:
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Black Friday
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Black Friday & Cyber Monday

Dave Wilton, Friday, November 25, 2011

The Friday after Thanksgiving is called "Black Friday". It’s the start of the holiday shopping season and is the busiest shopping day of the year. Commonly thought to be so-called because it is the day that retailers go "into the black", in other words become profitable for the year, this is actually not the origin of the name. Like other "black" days, "Black Friday" is so-called because it is not a pleasant day. In this case, it is the traffic and crowds that make the day unbearable.

"Black Friday" was actually coined by Philadelphia police in reference to the traffic created by the combination of shoppers and the crowds attending the annual Army-Navy football game held in the city on that day. The term dates to at least 1961, when it appears in the newsletter Public Relations News on 18 December:

For downtown merchants throughout the nation, the biggest shopping days normally are the two following Thanksgiving Day. Resulting traffic jams are an irksome problem to the police and, in Philadelphia, it became customary for officers to refer to the post-Thanksgiving days as "Black Friday" and "Black Saturday". Hardly a stimulus for good business, the problem was discussed by the merchants.
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There is an earlier use of "Black Friday" from 1951 in reference to employee absenteeism in a Baltimore factory on that day. It’s not known whether this is a one-off use or an early example of the term we know today.

And the Monday after Thanksgiving has been christened "Cyber Monday". This day is alleged to be the busiest online shopping day of the year — with people using their internet connections at work to shop. The day, however, is not the busiest online shopping day of the year. In fact, it is nowhere near the busiest online shopping day.

"Cyber Monday" was coined on 19 November 2005 when Shop.org, an association of online retailers, made the claim to the New York Times that it was expecting a “substantial sales increase” on that day:

Hence the catchy "Cyber Monday", so called because millions of productive Americans, fresh off a weekend at the mall, are expected to return to work and their high-speed Internet connections on Nov. 28 and spend the day buying what they liked in all those stores.
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"Black Friday", n. The Friday after the United States Thanksgiving holiday, considered to be the busiest retail shopping day of the year.
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1961 (earliest)

For downtown merchants throughout the nation, the biggest shopping days normally are the two following Thanksgiving Day. Resulting traffic jams are an irksome problem to the police and, in Philadelphia, it became customary for officers to refer to the post-Thanksgiving days as Black Friday and Black Saturday.

—Public Relations News, December 18, 1961

commerce server (W3)

IBM WebSphere Commerce Server Administration Introduction for Version 7 FEP 8

"commerce server": A server that enables online transactions to occur via a secured socket layer (SSL) and credit card information.

commerce server

Web software that runs some of the main functions of an onlinestorefront such as product display, online ordering, and inventory management. The software works in conjunction with online payment systems to process payments.

See the Server Types page in the quick referencesection of Webopedia for a comparison of server types

"commerce server": See "merchant server"

Commerce Services Provider (W3)

"Commerce Services Providers", or "CSPs" supply businesses with the tools and services they need to buy and sell products and services over the Internet and manage their online enterprises. CSPs provide service in areas such as:

• hardware/software design
• risk management
• payments
• brand recognition
• distribution control
• taxes
• Web site development and hosting
• Web site performance monitoring
• fulfillment management
• online marketing
• building a customer base
• order processing and delivery.

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curated commerce (W3)

curated commerce

In "electronic commerce" ("ecommerce") terminology, "curated commerce" refers to creating unique product lines that provide customers with a distinct collection not offered by other online retailers in a market.

d-commerce (W3)

"dynamic commerce": n. The selling of goods and service via negotiated pricing, particularly via online auctions.

Also Seen As "d-commerce"
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Electronic Shopping Cart (W3)

Electronic Shopping Carts & Payment Processing

Thanks to myriad products and services, doing business on the Web has been easier. However, before you can open for business, you need to understand how to offer products and accept payments.

An "electronic commerce tool" (software or service) that is the user-interface for the customer to shop at online stores.
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F-commerce (W3)

"Facebook commerce" ("F-commerce")

In "ecommerce" terminology, "Facebook commerce", or "F-commerce", is a strategy that focuses on developing or designing ecommerce content and storefront sites within the Facebook social networking site.
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m-commerce (W3)

"M-Commerce" steht für "mobile commerce". Darunter fallen alle mobile bzw. drahtlose Formen der elektronischen Vermarktung und des Handels von Waren und Dienstleistungen.

Siehe auch "E-Business", "M-Business" und bzw. "E-Commerce".

2000 Words of the Year
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Most Likely to Succeed: "muggle" (27). Other candidates: "m-commerce" (14), buying and selling over a cell phone, and "WAP" (3), "Wireless Application Protocol", a specification that enables wireless devices to connect with one another.
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"M-Commerce": Damit bezeichnet man das Erledigen von Einkäufen über Handys. Ein verwandter Begriff dazu ist der "E-Commerce", das "Einkaufen im Internet".

"Mobile Commerce" definiert geschäftliche Vorgänge, bei der die Transaktionspartner im Rahmen einer Transaktion mobile elektronische Kommunikationstechniken (wie z. B. Mobilfunk, Wireless LAN oder Bluetooth) in Verbindung mit mobilen Endgeräten einsetzen.

"M-Commerce" - "Mobile Commerce"; elektronischer Handel unter Einbeziehung drahtloser Kommunikation

"MExE" - "Mobile Execution Environment"; diese Technik soll WAP um viele Funktionen erweitern, die vor allem Sicherheit, "M-Commerce" und Telefon-Kontrolle betreffen; in einer Umgebung können Anwendungen (z.B. Java Applets) ablaufen und bei Bedarf auch über das Netzwerk nachgeladen werden. Beispiel: neue Level eines Spieles oder eine bestimmte Analysetechnik für Börsenkurse

"M-commerce" - "M-business"

Définition: Activité commerciale liée aux Médias sans fils.
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"m-commerce" handel via mobiele telefonie 1999 [Sanders 2000] - Engels

Journal officiel du 12/06/2007

frz. "commerce sans fil"

Domaine : Économie et gestion d'entreprise

Définition : Technique commerciale recourant à des moyens de communication portables.

Note : L'expression "commerce mobile" est à proscrire.

Équivalent étranger: "mobile commerce" (en), "m-commerce" (en)

Mobile Commerce

"m-commerce": Le "commerce électronique" vu depuis la toute petite fenêtre d'un mobile ou d'un portable. C'est un cousin du "e-commerce" (c'est-à-dire avant tout une invention marketing).

Webucation; Visionarium; M-Commerce
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2. Turns of Phrase: "M-commerce"

We've only just got used to lots of new forms beginning in "e-" but now "m-" is starting to turn up - for "mobile". The advent of "WAP" ("Wireless Application Protocol") and new systems for sending data to and from mobile telephones at high speeds means "Web-style electronic commerce" seems set to become available soon at a mobile phone near your ear. It may look a very new term - and references to it in the press have only really begun to accumulate since the middle of 1999 - but it has been recorded as far back as the mid nineties.
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Mobile Commerce

"m-commerce" - "mobile commerce"

A form of "e-commerce" that deals in the fees a company collects for licensing, advertising, or selling subscriptions to the content or services offered on mobile devices. With the popularity of cell phones and PDAs, portable devices such as these are becoming Web-enabled through wireless networks and WAP. "M-commerce" is considered a form of "e-commerce" (just as "d-commerce" is) because it has to do with monies generated for a product or service that exists electronically on the Internet. In other words, even though the content appears on mobile phones and other wireless communications devices, as opposed to computer screens, "m-commerce" is still considered "e-commerce".

Stichwortliste der Neologismen der 90er Jahre: "M-Commerce"

M-Commerce

"M-commerce" ("mobile commerce") is the buying and selling of goods and services through wireless handheld devices such as cellular telephone and "personal digital assistants" ("PDAs"). Known as next-generation "e-commerce", "m-commerce" enables users to access the Internet without needing to find a place to plug in. The emerging technology behind "m-commerce", which is based on the "Wireless Application Protocol" ("WAP"), has made far greater strides in Europe, where mobile devices equipped with Web-ready micro-browsers are much more common than in the United States.
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"M-Commerce" ("Mobile Commerce") refers to access to the internet via a mobile device, such as a cell phone or a PDA. Once "m-commerce" becomes ubiquitous (it has greater rates of acceptance in places like Europe and Japan than it does in the US due to standards that have developed (Japan the standard is "I-mode", in europe is "WAP"), it will change the utility of the web from a business standpoint. "Contextual Marketing", the ability to communicate with a person when the person is likely to be receptive to the communication, will further evolve, due to the mobility of access versus a PC. GPS is used to identify where someone is located. SMS is the messaging system across mobile devises that complements "m-commerce".

"m-commerce": "M-Handel", "Mobiltelefonhandel", s. a. "mobile commerce"

"m-commerce": Short for "mobile e-commerce", "m-commerce" is the term used to describe the growing trend of using networks that interface with wireless devices, such as laptops, handheld computers or mobile phones to initiate or complete online electronic commerce transactions. May also be seen written as "M-commerce" or "mcommerce".
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"m-commerce": n. The processing of payments through a cell phone or handheld organizer.

Etymology: From the phrase "mobile-commerce"; cf. "e-commerce"
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"M-commerce"

We’ve only just got used to lots of new forms beginning in "e-" but now "m-" is starting to turn up — for "mobile". The advent of "WAP" ("Wireless Application Protocol") and new systems for sending data to and from mobile telephones at high speeds means that "Web-style electronic commerce" seems set to become available soon at a mobile phone near your ear. It may look a very new term — and references to it in the press have only really begun to accumulate since the middle of 1999 — but it has been recorded as far back as the mid nineties.
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M-Commerce-Anwendung | M-Commerce-Markt | M-Commerce-Unternehmen

The definition of "m-commerce" is "mobile commerce", which is defined as to conduct business and place orders using a handheld computer or smartphone.
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r-commerce (W3)

"r-commerce": Short for "relationship e-commerce", it is "electronic commerce" with an emphasized focus on the relationship between the merchant and the consumer, as opposed to just focusing on selling the product. May also be seen written as "R-commerce" or "rcommerce".

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t-commerce (W3)

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"T-COMMERCE": We've had "e-commerce" for buying things online; we've since had "m-commerce" for using one's mobile to obtain goods and services; now "t-commerce" is beginning to appear for transactions carried out using interactive "television".
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In "e-commerce" terminology, "tablet commerce", also called "tablet ecommerce" or "t-commerce", is a "mobile commerce" strategy that focuses on designing and developing retail websites and related processes to improve the browsing and shopping experience on tablet devices.
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"t-commerce": n. The convergence of "e-commerce" technologies and interactive television.

Etymology: From the phrase "television-commerce"; cf. "e-commerce"

v-commerce (W3)

E-Commerce

Unter "E-Commerce" (gesprochen "ieh-kommörs") versteht man alle Formen von elektronischer Vermarktung und den Handel von Waren und Dienstleistungen über elektronische Medien wie das Internet. "E-Commerce" ist eine "Untermenge" des "E-Business". Siehe auch "V-Commerce", "E-Consulting", "E-Publishing", "Telebanking" und "Teleshopping" bzw. die Kurs-Seite "E-Business / E-Commerce". Neben dem Internet können E-Commerce-Transaktionen auch über firmeninterne oder "nicht-Internet"-Netze von z.B. Behörden und Banken abgewickelt werden.

Praxisnahe Informationen zum Thema bietet Ihnen das deutsche Forum "Electronic Commerce InfoNet" (ECIN) unter http://www.ecin.de/ (Stand 2011-06).

Unter "V-Commerce" ("V" von "Voice", also Sprache) versteht man den Handel von Waren und Dienstleistungen unter Einsatz von Systemen zur Spracherkennung, Sprachsteuerung und Sprachsynthese.

Beispiele:

Spracherkennung und Sprachsteuerung von PC, Maschinen, Telefon- und Internetdiensten (Voice-Browser), Sprachsynthese (Text-to-Speech) zum "Vorlesen" von E-Mails, Nachrichten, Wetterberichten, Börsenkursen, Kontoauszügen oder sogar Webseiten usw..

Denkbar wären auch Call-Center mit virtuellen Personen, die Rede und Antwort stehen.

"V-Commerce" ist ein "Untermenge" von "E-Commerce", siehe auch Kurs-Seite "E-Business" / "E-Commerce".

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"E-commerce" will become "v-commerce", in which shoppers use "video" to browse through items.
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"V-COMMERCE": As "V" is for "Voice", you might think this was the old way of doing business - by talking to somebody. Nothing so simple. This is "voice-commerce" 21st-century style, buying things by chatting to a voice-activated computer. Two technologies lie at its core: natural language speech recognition (so the computer knows what you are saying) and speaker authentication (so it knows who you are). But can you gossip with it? And does it have a sense of humour?
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"Virtual commerce" (sometimes known as "vCommerce", "v-commerce", or "vCom") is a type of application, service, or product feature that helps enterprises implement strategies and design Web sites for "e-commerce" (the buying and selling of goods and services using the Internet). The term "virtual commerce" is sometimes used as a synonym for "e-commerce" itself.
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"v-commerce": n. Automated transactions conducted via computer or telephone using "voice" commands.

Etymology: From the phrase "voice-commerce"; cf. "e-commerce"
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"Voice-Commerce": Voice-enhanced services for "e-commerce". The term was coined by Nuance Communications as an umbrella term for services including voice-activated dialing and browsing and e-mail reading. It implies speech recognition that goes beyond saying "yes" or "no" or pronouncing a number. Nuance merged with ScanSoft, Inc. in 2005, and the resulting company assumed the Nuance brand. See IVR and voice portal.
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