Acontranym
Amphibolous
Autoantonym
biweekly
chuffed
cleave
Clip, clip
Contranym
day
Enantiodromic
entflammbar, entflammen
Fence-sitter
flammable
gelbe Ampel
Handicap, Handikap
inflammable
Janus word, Janus
let
livid
Ostwind
oversight
ravel
rent
sanctio, sanction, sanktionieren
table a proposal
Tag
transparent
without let or hindrance
(W1)

They sit on the fences, ready to say one thing or its opposite, depending on which side they appear. I'm not talking about politicians.

Antagonym (W3)

...
The "contronym" (also spelled "contranym") goes by many names, including "auto-antonym", "antagonym", "enantiodrome", "self-antonym", "antilogy" and "Janus word" (from the Roman god of beginnings and endings, often depicted with two faces looking in opposite directions). Can’t get enough of them? The folks at Daily Writing Tips have rounded up even more.
...

The Online Dictionary of Language Terminology (ODLT)

"antagonym"

Definition - (Aka "contranym" | "Janus word" | "autoantonym")

A word that can mean opposite things — more precisely, a word that has a "homograph" that is an "antonym".
...

Limericks on "antagonym"

...
The word "contronym" (also "antagonym") is used to refer to words that, by some freak of language evolution, are their own "antonyms". Both "contronym" and "antagonym" are neologisms; however, there is no alternative term that is more established in the English language.
...

...
An antagonym is a single word that has meanings that contradict each other. For example: Cleave, which means to adhere tightly and also to cut apart. Antagonyms are also known as "contronyms."
...
For example: "Cleave", which means to adhere tightly and also to cut apart.
...
"Antagonyms"

This is a word I made up to describe a single word that has meanings that contradict each other. My derivation of the word "antagonyms" is described below.

Example of an Antagonym:

A current example would be "BAD". There is the normal meaning and the slang meaning of "good" (sometimes pronounced baad for emphasis). Although I prefer words in which the antithetical definitions are listed in common dictionaries, I will accept well-known slang examples.

As pointed out by Rex Stocklin (in list of acknowledgments below, see {T}), a number of antagonyms result from use of the prefix "re-". The meaning "again" may conflict with other meanings. We will continue to add these words to the list as we receive them.
...
Antagonyms
...
Derivation of the word "antagonym" by the author

1. "antagonize" verb, transitive

To counteract.

[Greek "antagonizesthai", "to struggle against": "anti-", "anti-" + "agonizesthai", "to struggle" (from "agon", "contest").]

2. "-onym" suffix

Word; "name": "acronym".

[Greek "-onumon", neuter of "-onumos", having a specified kind of name, from "onuma", "name".]

"Antagonyms"

Definition: A word that can mean the opposite of itself is an antagonym.

Examples:
...

Ein "Januswort" (nach dem Gott Janus; auch "Autoantonym") ist ein Wort mit mindestens zwei Bedeutungen, wobei eine Bedeutung das Gegenteil einer anderen ist ("Auto-Antonymie"). Januswörter verhalten sich zueinander zugleich "antonym" (eine entgegengesetzte Bedeutung habend) und "homonym" (gleichklingend).

Die komplementäre Erscheinung ist die (z. B. durch Desemantisierung bedingte) "Homonymie" eigentlich antonymer Wörter, wie z. B. bei "praktisch" und "theoretisch", die in umgangssprachlichen Wendungen wie "das kannst du praktisch weglassen" austauschbar sind, ohne dass sich die Satzbedeutung ändert: "das kannst du theoretisch weglassen".

Inhaltsverzeichnis

• 1 Bezeichnungen
• 2 Vorkommen
• 3 Beispiele im Deutschen
• 4 Weblinks
• 5 Belege

Bezeichnungen

Der Sprachwissenschaftler Andreas Blank spricht von "Autoantonymie". Die Bezeichnungen "Antagonym" und "Kontranym" sind in der deutschen Sprache neue Lehnübersetzungen und selten.

Die englische Bezeichnung "antagonym" wurde von Charles N. Ellis erfunden, der eine Liste englischer Januswörter im Internet unterhält. Die Bezeichnung "auto-antonymy" wurde 1994 von Alex Eulenberg vorgeschlagen.
...

aware (W1)

awful used to mean "inspiring awe" (W3)

bad to mean "good" (W3)

• The baddest bass music from Miami, featuring Dr. Boom & The Dominator. (US ephemera)
• He entered this race flanked by the biggest and baddest superbikes imaginable. (Canadian corpus)

black meant "white" (W3)

Contronym (W3)

"contronym" (also "contranym")

Definition of contronym in English:

A word with two opposite meanings, e.g. "sanction" (which can mean both "a penalty for disobeying a law" and "official permission or approval for an action").
...

...
These are all useful, but some naming terms seem like they're more for fun. For example, there's "contranym" or "contronym" ("against" + "name"), which is also referred to as an "autoantonym" ("self" + "against" + "name"). This is a word with two meanings that are opposites. For example, "to sanction" can mean both "to condemn" and "to permit"; "oversight" can refer both to "supervision" and "neglect". Fans of the Amelia Bedelia series of children's books might remember that when she was asked "to dust" the furniture, instead of "undusting" it, she dusted it with "dusting powder" — another contranym!
...

March 27, 2015
One Word, Two Opposite Meanings: Terms That Janus Would Have Loved

...
Coined 1962 by Jack Herring. Note that the vowel of the suffix generally supersedes the vowel of the prefix, hence coined as contronym, rather than contranym.
...

Word Unit: "Janus Words" + ("contronyms" or words which have definitions that are self-antonyms; that is, which have two meanings that are the opposites of each other).

• alight (Janus word)
• can (Janus word)
• cleave (Janus word)
• clip (Janus word)
• cork (Janus word)
• cull (Janus word)
• dust (Janus word)
• enjoin (Janus word)
• fix (Janus word)
• inoculate (Janus word)
• oversight (Janus word)
• protest (Janus word)
• ravel (Janus word)
• sanction (Janus word)
• screen (Janus word)
• secrete (verb), secretes; secreted; secreting
• stem (Janus word)
• trim (Janus word)

contronym
...
More popularly, they are known as Janus-faced words because the Greek god Janus had two faces that looked in opposite directions.
...

dictionary.com
Words That Are Their Own Opposites

English is weird: There are words that can mean two opposite things. Here’s what we mean: ...

• fun
• custom
• bound
• trim
• dust
• left
• bolt
• strike
• buckle
• out
• garnish

contranym - antonym

dishevelled (W3)

29.07.2014 dishevelled

Limericks on "dishevelled"

dishevelled

dishevelled 149 AJ0

dishevelled

doubt means to "know" (W3)

feisty
feist (W2)

Contemporary English says this is now a positive term, and is used to show approval. However, it was not always so. "Feisty" once meant simply "aggressive", "excitable" (= "erregbar", "nervös"), "touchy" (= "empfindlich", "reizbar").
First recorded in an American Dialect Dictionary published in 1896.

gay (W3)

gay

"gay" (adj.) late 14c., "full of joy", "merry"; "light-hearted", "carefree;" also "wanton", "lewd", "lascivious" (late 12c. as a surname, Philippus de Gay), from Old French "gai" "joyful", "happy"; "pleasant", "agreeably charming"; "forward", "pert" (12c.; compare Old Spanish "gayo", Portuguese "gaio", Italian "gajo", probably French loan-words). Ultimate origin disputed; perhaps from Frankish "*gahi" (related to Old High German "wahi" "pretty"), though not all etymologists accept this. Meaning "stately and beautiful"; "splendid and showily dressed" is from early 14c. The word gay by the 1890s had an overall tinge of promiscuity - a gay house was a brothel. The suggestion of immorality in the word can be traced back at least to the 1630s, if not to Chaucer:
...
Slang meaning "homosexual" (adj.) begins to appear in psychological writing late 1940s, evidently picked up from gay slang and not always easily distinguished from the older sense:
...
The association with (male) "homosexuality" likely got a boost from the term "gay cat", used as far back as 1893 in American English for "young hobo", one who is new on the road, also one who sometimes does jobs.
...
Quoting a tramp named Frenchy, who might not have known the origin. "Gay cats" were severely and cruelly abused by "real" tramps and bums, who considered them "an inferior order of beings who begs of and otherwise preys upon the bum - as it were a jackal following up the king of beasts" [Prof. John J. McCook, "Tramps," in "The Public Treatment of Pauperism," 1893], but some accounts report certain older tramps would dominate a gay cat and employ him as a sort of slave. In "Sociology and Social Research" (1932-33) a paragraph on the "gay cat" phenomenon notes, "Homosexual practices are more common than rare in this group," and "gey cat" "homosexual boy" is attested in N. Erskine's 1933 dictionary of "Underworld & Prison Slang" (gey is a Scottish variant of gay).

The "Dictionary of American Slang" reports that "gay" (adj.) was used by homosexuals, among themselves, in this sense since at least 1920. Rawson ["Wicked Words"] notes a male prostitute using "gay" in reference to male homosexuals (but also to female prostitutes) in London's notorious Cleveland Street Scandal of 1889. Ayto ["20th Century Words"] calls attention to the ambiguous use of the word in the 1868 song "The Gay Young Clerk in the Dry Goods Store," by U.S. female impersonator Will S. Hays, but the word evidently was not popularly felt in this sense by wider society until the 1950s at the earliest.

"Gay" (or "gai") is now widely used in French, Dutch, Danish, Japanese, Swedish, and Catalan with the same sense as the English. It is coming into use in Germany and among the English-speaking upper classes of many cosmopolitan areas in other countries. [John Boswell, "Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality," 1980]

"Gay" as a noun meaning "a (usually male) homosexual" is attested from 1971; in Middle English it meant "excellent person", "noble lady", "gallant knight", also "something gay or bright; an ornament or badge" (c.1400). As a slang word meaning "bad", "inferior", "undesirable", from 2000.

gay

• 1.0 homoseksueel
• 2.0 homoseksueel persoon

...
Words are changing meaning now: consider how the words "bad" and "gay" have changed in recent years.
...

• Gay" in 1933 (3 messages)
• "Gay" in 1933; also "author's sexuality" (2 messages)
• "gay" redux (6 messages)
• "Don't Say Gay" (role of blending) (2 messages)
• Gay old time (3 messages)
• gay, straight, or lying (3 messages)
• Brother Gay (5 messages)
• early "gay" cite (8 messages)
• The Gay Nineties (3 messages)
• "Sissies, fairies, pansies gay" (5 messages)
• OT: Obama and his principled stand on gay marriage
• "gay: (and Geo. Chauncey) (2 messages)
• "gay: (was Quentin Crisp) (2 messages)
• Gay Panic defense, Mgt. Citizenship Behavior
• Gay & Queer; Accessible Archives
• Ms. /Gay - NYTIMES (2 messages)
• ms./gay in NYT
• new york times & ms./gay (6 messages)

"gay"

• 1. adj. Perteneciente o relativo a la homosexualidad.
• 2. m. Hombre homosexual.

gay

...
One reader notes that Cary Grant, in the film "Bringing Up Baby", has an interesting scene in which, while wearing a woman's frilly robe, he says, "I'm feeling gay today."
...

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treyboy | Gay Boy Wonderland | gaybra | gay brad | gaybraham lincoln | gay braids | gaybrains | gay break | gaybreaker | Gay Breath | Gay breeder | GayBreeze | gaybrella | Gaybriel | Gaybrielle | gaybriolet | gaybro | gaybrook | gay brother | gaybrow | Gay Bruth | gay brutus | Gay/B testing | Gaybu | GayBuay | gaybuckets | gay buddy | Gay Buff | gay buffer | gay buffet | gaybulary | Gay Bullet | Gaybulous | Gay Bum | gayburb | Gayburet | gay burger | Gayburst | gaybus | gaybuscuit | gaybut | Gaybutt | Gay Butterfly | Gay Button | gay butt sex | gay butt sexer | gayby | gay by association | Gayby Boom | Gayby Boy | gay by default | gay by desperation | Gay-by-May | Gaybymyself | Gayby Shower | gaybysitting | Gay by the Transitive Property | gaybz | Gaycabulary | gay cake | Gaycan | gay cancer | gaycano | Gaycanthropy | gaycapade | Gaycar | gay card | Gaycare | Gay Carl | GayCarlito | Gaycast | Gay Catch | gay cat face | gaycation | gay cavalero | Gaycay | gayccessory | gayce | gaycebook | gaycebook-ish | Gay-cedes | Gayceleration | Gaycent | gayception | Gaycer | gaycest | gaychain | Gay Chakra | Gay Chandler | gay chase | gay chav | Gay check | gaychecked | Gay Cheerios | Gay Cheese | gaychel | Gaychemist | Gaychester United | gay chicken | gay children | Gay Chills | Gaychin | gaychotic | Gay Christmas | Gay chubby dating | gay church | Gayci | gaycial | Gaycial Profiling | gaycious | gaycism | gaycist | Gaycited | gaycivo | Gay Claiming | Gaycle | Gayclet | gay cloning | gayclown | gayclowning | gay club | Gaycne | gaycoat | Gaycob | Gay cock | gay cockatoo | Gaycockenophenyam | gay cockin' | gay code | gay cody | gay coincidence | gay cologne | gay.com | gay coma | Gay Communist | Gay Community | gay complex | gaycon | gayconator | Gay Congo line | Gay-cool | gay cop | gaycor | Gaycore | Gaycott | Gay Cougar | gay cowboy | GayCrackingFagBag | gaycrash | gaycrasher | gay crashing | Gay Crazy | Gay Creampie | Gay-crease | gay creep | gay crew | Gaycring | gay croquet | gaycrown | gay crush | GayC Slater | Gaycube | gaycud | gaycula | gayculinity | Gay Cult | Gay Cum Tunnel | gaycunt | Gay Cuntler | gay curious | gay currency | Gay Curtain | gaycusation | Gaycut | Gaycute | Gaycy | gaycycle | gaycyclopedia | gayd | Gaydac | gaydad | Gay Daddy | Gay Dan | gay dance | Gay Dance Party | gay dancin | gaydar | Gaydar assassin | gaydar BETA | gaydar dectector | Gaydar detector | Gaydarian | Gaydar Jammer | Gaydar squats | Gay Date | Gay Dave | Gay David Porn | Gay Davis | gayday | GayDD | gaydead emofag | Gaydean | Gay Death | gayded | gaydeep | Gay Delay | Gay Dem | ...

gay

girl used to mean "boy" (W3)

livid (W3)

masterful (W3)

nice (W1)

Mr. Nice Guy

The word "nice" meant "stupid" and "foolish" in the late 13th Century. It went through a number of changes including "wanton", "extravagant", "elegant", "strange", "modest", "thin", and "shy". By the middle of the 18th Century it had gained its current meaning of "pleasant" and "agreeable".

nice np.
[Unix] Commande classique, qui permet d'être aimable avec les autres utilisateurs en diminuant la priorité de ses propres processus. Personnes ne s'en sert (© Tanenbaum). En anglais, ça veut dire « gentil ».

Nice
From the Latin "nescius," for "ignorant," and, at various times before the current definition became established meant "foolish" then "foolishly precise" then "pedantically precise" then "precise in a good way" and then our current definition.

Etymology: ME, "strange", "lazy", "foolish", OFr "nice", "nisce", "stupid", "foolish", lat. "nescius", "ignorant", "not knowing", lat. "nescire", "to be ignorant", lat. "ne-", "not" (see no) + "scire", "to know": see "science".

smart (W3)

speed (W2)

terrible no longer means "inspiring terror" (W3)

mediterran
Mediterranean
terrace
Terrain
Terrakotta
Terrarium
Terrasanta
Terrasse
terrassieren
terre
terroir
terroirism
terroirist
torrent
torrente
torrid (W1)

thoughtco.com
These Words Are Their Own Opposites
Definition and Examples of Janus Words in English

Janus, the Roman god of gates and doorways and of beginnings and endings.

by Richard Nordquist

Updated April 10, 2017

A "Janus word" is a word (such as "cleave" ["to stick to" and "to split apart"]) having opposite or contradictory meanings depending on the context in which the word is used. Also called "antilogy", "contronym", "contranym", "autantonym", "auto-antonym", and "contradictanyma".

Examples and Observations

• "To weather" can mean "to endure" or "to erode".
• "Sanction" can mean "to allow" or "to prohibit".
• "Fix" can mean "a solution" (as in "find a quick fix") or "a problem" ("left us i a fix").
• "Clip" can mean "to separate" (as in "clip the coupon from the paper") or "to join" (as in "clip the answer sheets together").
• "Left" as a verb in the past tense means "to have gone"; as an adjective, it means "remaining".
• "Wear" can mean "to last under use" or "to erode under use".
• "Buckle" can mean "to fasten" or "to bend and then break".
• The verb "bolt" can mean "to secure", "lock" or "to start suddenly and run away".
• "Screen" can mean "to conceal" or "to show".
• "Fast" can mean "moving quickly" (as in "running fast") or "not moving" (as in "stuck fast").
• The Verb "Table" in British English and American English: ...
• "Literally": ...
• "peruse" and "scan" (each meaning both "to read closely" and "to glance at hastily", "skim"
• "Factoid": "[Factoid is a] term created by Norman Mailer in 1973 for a piece of information that becomes accepted as a fact, although it is not actually true; or an invented fact believed to be true because it appears in print. Mailer wrote in Marilyn: ...
• "Schizophrenic Words":
• "Best" and "worst" both mean "to defeat".
• "Cleave" means both "to cling to" and "to split apart".
• "Fast" means both "speedy" and "immobilized" (as well as several other things).
• "Dress" means "to put on apparel", as a person does, or "to take it off", as is done to a chicken.
• ... "bleach" means also "blacking";
• "bluefish" also "greenfish";
• "bosom" also "depression";
• "emancipate" also "o enslave";
• and "help" also "to hinder".

wicked means excellent (W3)

wikipedia.org
Auto-antonym

An "auto-antonym" (sometimes spelled "autantonym"), or "contronym" (also spelled "contranym"), is a word with a homograph (another word of the same spelling) which is also an "antonym" (a word with the opposite meaning). An "auto-antonym" is alternatively called an "antagonym", "Janus word" (after the Roman god), "enantiodrome", "self-antonym", "antilogy", or "addad" (Arabic, singular "didd"). It is a word with multiple meanings, one of which is defined as the reverse of one of its other meanings. This phenomenon is called "enantiosemy", "enantionymy" or "antilogy".

Contents

• 1 Origins
• 2 Examples
• 3 See also
• 4 References
• 5 Further reading
• 6 External links

Origins

The terms "autantonym" and "contronym" were originally coined by Joseph T. Shipley in 1960 and Jack Herring in 1962, respectively. Some pairs of "contronyms" are true "homographs", i.e., distinct words with different etymology which happen to have the same form. For instance "cleave" "separate" is from Old English "cleofan", while "cleave" "adhere" is from Old English "clifian", which was pronounced differently. This is related to false friends, but false friends do not necessarily contradict.

Other "contronyms" are a form of polysemy, but where a single word acquires different and ultimately opposite senses. For instance "quite", which meant "clear" or "free" in Middle English, can mean "slightly" (quite nice) or "completely" (quite beautiful).

Other examples include "sanction" — "permit" or "penalize"; "bolt" (originally from crossbows) — "leave quickly" or "fixed"; "fast" — "moving rapidly" or "unmoving". Many English examples result from nouns being verbed into distinct senses "add to" and "remove from"; e.g. "dust", "seed", "stone".

Some contronyms result from differences in national varieties of English. For example, "to table a bill" means "to put it up for debate" in British English, while it means "to remove it from debate" in American English.

Often, one sense is more obscure or archaic, increasing the danger of misinterpretation when it does occur; for instance, the King James Bible often uses "let" in the sense of "forbid", a meaning which is now obsolete, except in the legal phrase "without let or hindrance" and in tennis, squash and table tennis.

An apocryphal story relates how Charles II (or sometimes Queen Anne) described St Paul's Cathedral (using contemporaneous English) as "awful", "pompous", and "artificial", with the meaning (rendered in modern English) of "awe-inspiring", "majestic", and "ingeniously designed".

"Auto-antonyms" also exist in other languages. For example, in Latin "sacer" has the double meaning "sacred", "holy" and "accursed", "infamous", Spanish "huésped" may mean either "host" or "guest"; the same is true for the Italian and French "cognates", "ospite" and "hôte" respectively (all three deriving from the Latin "hospes"). Hindi: "???" and Urdu: "???" may mean either "yesterday" or "tomorrow" (disambiguated by the verb in the sentence). Italian "ciao" is a greeting that is translated as "hello" or "goodbye" depending on the context, and Swahili verb "kutoa", meaning both "to remove" and "to add".

Sometimes an apparent opposition of senses comes from presuming the point of view of a different language. In Hawaiian, for example, "aloha" is translated both as "hello" and as "goodbye", but the essential meaning of the word is "love", making it appropriate as both greeting and farewell. The meaning is in fact the same; it is only the occasion that is different. Latin "altus" can be translated "high" or "deep" in English, but in Latin had the single meaning "large in the vertical dimension". The difference in English between "high" and "deep" is determined by the speaker's awareness of their relationship to some perceived norm. A mountain is "high" because it is well above sea level, and the ocean is "deep" because it plunges well below it. Both, however, were "altus" in Latin.

This concept is superficially similar to a few examples in Italian, such as describing accumulated snow as being "high", "alta", rather than "deep", but this is because it is considered to be heaped above the reference level of the ground, rather than a throwback to Latin. The adjective, "profondo" is used instead to describe the idea of depth below a given reference level, so the sea is "profondo", along with the vast majority of examples in which "deep" would be used in English. In Italian, "alto" mare means not "deep sea" but "high sea", with the same meaning as in English of "open water beyond territorial limits". The "tide", "marea", also follows the same pattern as English, being either "high" or "low", depending on whether it is above or below the mean. However, Italian, French and Spanish all use their own equivalents of "high" to describe cooking pots, frying pans and saucepans which in English would be called "deep". In English, "tall", as a synonym of "high", would only be used to describe a pot when its height is considerably greater than its diameter, and drinking glasses with such proportions are also referred to as "tall" rather than "deep".

In addition, various neologisms or other such words contain simultaneous opposing meanings in the same context, rather than alternative meanings depending on context (e.g. coopetition).
...

wikipedia.org
Contronym

A "contronym" is a word with two meanings. These two meanings are the opposites of each other.

Examples:

• bolt: secure, run away - He bolted the door, When he got scared, he bolted
• cleave - split, adhere - The bow of the boat cleaved the water cleanly,He cleaved to his principles in spite of persecution
• clip: fasten, detach - He clipped the pin to his shirt, She used scissors to clip her hair
• constrained - forced into a certain path or action, prohibited from certain paths or actions
• To please my spouse, I am constrained to hire my brother-in-law, To avoid nepotism, I am constrained to hire my brother-in-law
• consult: seek information, refer information to - They consulted us about best practices," "They consulted us with best practices"
• dust - remove particles, lay down particles - He dusted the picture frames, She dusted the cookies with powdered sugar
• execute - to start or begin, to kill or finish - We will execute our plan at midnight, The traitor was executed at dawn
• fast - quick, unmoving - He ran very fast, He pulled on the rope, but it held fast
• fix - restore, castrate - He fixed the broken table, They had their puppy fixed
• left - remaining, departed from - After taking an apple, there were two left, He opened the door and left
• moot - open to debate, settled beyond debate - The car's value is moot, Your dating that boy is moot
• off - off, on - He turned the lights off, When the window broke, the alarm went off
• rent - buy use of, sell use of - He rented a room to make extra money, She was looking for a house to rent
• transparent - invisible, obvious - The glass was transparent, His motives were transparent
• sanction - bless, punish - The priest sanctioned the marriage, The US government sanctioned Cuba
• seed - to plant seeds, to remove seeds - The children seeded the ground with pumpkin seeds, They seeded the watermelon before they served it
• variety - one type, many types - Granny Smith is a variety of apple, The store sells a variety of produce
• virago - loud overbearing woman, woman of stature and strength - My mother-in-law is such a virago, My mother is such a virago
• weather - to wear away, to withstand - his skin was weathered, the boat weathered the storm well

Kacirk, Jeffrey (Autor)
Altered English
Surprising Meanings of Familiar Words

Over the centuries, English words have strayed from their original meanings and acquired vastly different connotations. Consider the word "tryst", now a romantic liaison, but which in Georgian and Victorian England referred to a "fair for cattle, horses, and sheep". You’ll also discover that "excrement" described "hair, beard, and other things growing out of the body" in Shakespeare’s time, that a "coffin" was the "raised crust of a pie", and that the word "slogan" denoted the "war cry or gathering word of a Scottish border clan".

Like The Word Museum, the focus here is on the changes in the English language, but unlike my other books, Altered English contains currently used words and phrases which have changed. A number of the entries came from humble roots, such as "penthouse" which, before its current use for describing a posh apartment atop a tall building, denoted a shed sharing a common wall with a larger structure. After spending some time with this book you may never hear English in quite the same way.