Carl von Linne (W3)

...
Die Idee der botanischen Pflanzennamen geht auf den schwedischen Naturkundler Carl von Linne zurück, der um 1750 das System der "binären Nomenklatur", also der Doppelnamen, einführte: Mit dem System der Doppelnamen lassen sich alle in der Natur vorkommenden Pflanzen mit nur zwei Wörtern benennen. Die Besenheide, die auch als Sommerheide bezeichnet wird - in Deutschland also ebenfalls unter mindestens zwei Namen bekannt ist - heißt demnach "Calluna vulgaris".

Der erste Name, der Gattungsname, wird immer großgeschrieben, das darauf folgende Wort ist eine spezifische Artbezeichnung und wird üblicherweise kleingeschrieben: Zusammen mit dem Gattungsnamen entsteht so der Artname. Ein Prinzip ähnlich der Vor- und Nachnamen, das eine Unterscheidung ermöglicht, aber auch gewisse Verwandschaftsverhältnisse widerspiegelt. Für die botanischen Namen greift man vor allem auf Begriffe zurück, die aus dem Lateinischen oder Griechischen abgeleitet sind.
...

L. (W3)

• Das offizielle botanische Autorenkürzel von "Carl von Linné" lautet "L.".
• In der Zoologie wird "Linnaeus" als Autorenkürzel verwendet.

Die wissenschaftlichen Pflanzennamen sind von großer Bedeutung, weil sie den Schlüssel zu unserem Wissen über die Pflanzenwelt bilden, denn Informationen über eine Pflanze kann man in Büchern nur finden, wenn man ihren Namen kennt. In der botanischen Systematik wird jede Pflanze benannten "Sippen" (Fachausdruck: "Taxa", Einzahl "Taxon") zugeordnet, die verschiedenen, einander übergeordneten Rangstufen angehören. Die Grundrangstufe ist die "Art" ("species"). Eine Art kann einerseits z.B. in "Unterarten" ("subspecies"), "Varietäten" ("varietas") und "Formen" ("forma") unterteilt werden. Andererseits kann sie in aufsteigender Reihenfolge zahlreichen Taxa höherer Rangstufen zugeordnet werden; d.h. eine Art gehört z.B. zu einer "Gattung", "Familie", "Ordnung", "Klasse" und "Abteilung". Im Bedarfsfalle werden noch weitere Zwischenrangstufen unterschieden.

Die Anwendung der wissenschaftlichen Namen wird durch den für alle Botaniker verbindlichen "Internationalen Code der Botanischen Nomenklatur" (letzte Ausgabe 2007) geregelt; sie werden ohne Rücksicht auf ihre sprachliche Ableitung wie lateinische Namen behandelt. Der Name einer als neu beschriebenen Art ist danach nur dann gültig veröffentlicht, wenn er mit einer lateinischen Beschreibung verbunden ist. Außerdem ist vorgeschrieben, dass der Herbarbeleg zitiert werden muss, auf dem die Beschreibung der neuen Art beruht, der sogenannte Typus. Ebenso muss der Autor die Sammlung bzw. das Institut nennen, in dem dieser Typus aufbewahrt wird.

Der "Artname" setzt sich immer aus zwei Teilen zusammen. Dabei folgen wir dem Vorbild der von dem schwedischen Naturforscher "Carl von Linné" (1707-1778) zum ersten Mal konsequent angewendeten zweigliedrigen (binären) Benennung.

• Der stets groß geschriebene "Gattungsname" bildet den ersten Teil;
• der zweite Namensteil, das sogen. Artepitheton (Beiwort), wird in der Regel klein geschrieben.

Als Beispiel für die Benennung einer Art und der ihr übergeordneten Sippen sei hier die Kartoffel genannt (in Klammern werden die für die Namen der höheren Rangstufen typischen Endungen genannt):

• Abteilung (-phyta): Magnoliophyta (Spermatophyta: Samenpflanzen)
• Unter-Abteilung(-phytina): Magnoliophytina (Angiospermae: Bedecktsamer)
• Klasse (-opsida): Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledones: Zweikeimblättler)
• Ordnung (-ales): Solanales (Nachtschattenpflanzen)
• Familie (-aceae): Solanaceae (Nachtschattengewächse)
• Gattung: Solanum (Nachtschatten)
• Art: Solanum tuberosum L. (Kartoffel)

Hierbei ist zu beachten, dass die Sippen höherer Rangstufe in verschiedenen Systemen unterschiedlich abgegrenzt (und benannt) werden können.

Auf den Namensschildern des Botanischen Gartens werden in der Regel der den Gattungsnamen enthaltende Artname und der Name der Familie genannt; soweit unterschieden, werden auch Unterarten (subsp.) und Varietäten (var.) erwähnt. Hinter dem wissenschaftlichen Namen sind normalerweise die Autoren (meist in abgekürzter Form) angegeben, die als erste den Pflanzennamen gültig veröffentlicht haben. In unserem Beispiel "L." für "Linné". Nicht selten werden sogar zwei Autoren zitiert, von denen der erste in Klammern steht. Ein solches doppeltes Autorzitat kommt dadurch zustande, dass beispielsweise eine Art aufgrund neuer Erkenntnisse später in eine andere Gattung versetzt wird. In einem solchen Fall muss das Epitheton des ursprünglichen Namens beibehalten werden, und sein Autor wird dann in Klammern zitiert, während der Autor, der die "Versetzung" der Art zuerst durchführte, dahinter steht. Der in unseren Buchenwäldern verbreitete Waldmeister wurde z.B. zunächst von Linné "Asperula odorata" genannt. Später wurde er von dem Tiroler Botaniker Scopoli in die Gattung Galium versetzt und heißt jetzt "Galium odoratum" mit dem Autorzitat "(L.) Scop." (siehe unten).

Soweit bekannte, in der Standardliteratur verwendete deutsche Namen der Pflanzen existieren, werden auch diese auf dem Namensschild angeführt. Dabei ist aber zu bedenken, dass in verschiedenen Gegenden Deutschlands oft unterschiedliche Namen existieren. Für viele nur außerhalb Deutschlands wachsende Pflanzenarten gibt es jedoch keine deutschen Namen. Die Übersetzung der wissenschaftlichen Namen wurde oft versucht, führt aber meist zu unbefriedigenden Ergebnissen, zumal solche Namen in der Literatur nur selten verwendet werden.

Bei Kulturpflanzen werden häufig zahlreiche Sorten (cultivar, cv.) unterschieden. Seit 1959 müssen neue Namen solcher Sorten Phantasienamen sein und dürfen nicht mehr den latinisierten botanischen Namen entsprechen, was vorher zulässig war, z.B.

• Taxus baccata cv. Variegata (älterer Name)
• Solanum tuberosum 'Bintje'
• Phlox drummondii 'Sternenzauber'

Sortennamen sind an der Abkürzung "cv." oder an einfachen Anführungszeichen zu erkennen.

Beispiel eines Namensschildes des Botanischen Gartens:
...
[Text und Abbildung: P. Hiepko]

• Author Details: Linnaeus, Carl (1707-1778)
• Standard Form: L.
• Alternative Names: Linné, Carl von
• Area of Interest: Pteridophytes , Mycology , Bryophytes , Algae , Spermatophytes
• Information Source: CMI, Missouri Bryological list, Berkeley Algal list
• Comment:
• Countries: Sweden
• View the TL-2 biographical details for this author in BHL.
• Id: 12653-1 Version: 1.1.1.1 View Record history

Linnea (W3)

Popular name originally bestowed in honor of the Swedish botanist Karl von Linné (1707 - 78), who gave his name to the Linnaean system of classifying plants and animals and to a type of flower (linnaea).

Botanary: Linnea

Meaning: Named for Carl von Linné, 18th century Swedish botanist often referred to as the Father of Taxonomy

"Linnea" - Latinskt namn, samma ord som blomnamnet "linnea".

Linnea

5.3 Le prénom Linnea

Moosglöckchen - Linnea

Linnea : lin-NAY-yuh : norwegian - lime tree, national flower of sweden

Linnean (W3)

Linnean

Of or pertaining to Swedish botanist Carol von Linné, or the system of binomial nomenclature he introduced.

nationalgeographic.com
The Name Giver - Carl Linnaeus
sexual system
Latin binomial system for naming plants
Latin binomial system of naming species
Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus was an early information architect
He believed that every kind of plant and animal on Earth should be named and classified

A Passion for Order

Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus was an early information architect. He believed that every kind of plant and animal on Earth should be named and classified.

By David Quammen

Photograph by Helene Schmitz

Springtime comes late in Sweden. So it was still springtime on May 23, 1707, when a son was born to the wife of the curate of a small Swedish village called Stenbrohult. The season was raw, the ground was wet, the trees were in leaf but not yet flowering as the baby arrived, raw and wet himself. The child's father, "Nils Linnaeus", was an amateur botanist and an avid gardener as well as a Lutheran minister, who had concocted his own surname (a bureaucratic necessity for university enrollment, replacing his traditional patronymic, son of Ingemar) from the Swedish word "lind", meaning "linden tree". Nils Linnaeus loved plants. The child's mother, a rector's daughter named Christina, was only 18. They christened the boy "Carl", and as the story comes down, filtered through mythic retrospection upon a man who became the world's preeminent botanist, they decorated his cradle with flowers.
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In 1761, the government ennobled him, whereupon he upgraded his linden-tree name to "von Linné". By then he was the most famous naturalist in Europe.
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If you read a thumbnail biography, in an encyclopedia or on a website, you're liable to be told that Carl Linnaeus was "the father of taxonomy" - that is, of biological classification - or that he created the "Latin binomial system of naming species", still used today. Those statements are roughly accurate, but they don't convey what made the man so important to biology during his era and afterward.
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During the three years abroad he published eight books—an amazing spurt of productivity, partly explained by the fact that he had left Sweden carrying some manuscripts written earlier. One of those manuscripts became "Systema Naturae", now considered the founding text of modern taxonomy.
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Linnaeus wasn't the first naturalist to try to roster and systematize nature. His predecessors included "Aristotle" (who had classified animals as "bloodless" and "blooded"), "Leonhart Fuchs" in the 16th century (who described 500 genera of plants, listing them in alphabetical order), the Englishman "John Ray" (whose Historia Plantarum, published in 1686, helped define the species concept), and the French botanist "Joseph Pitton de Tournefort", contemporary with Ray, who sorted the plant world into roughly 700 genera, based on the appearance of their flowers, their fruit, and their other anatomical parts.
...
Linnaeus emerged from this tradition and went beyond it. His Systema Naturae, as published in 1735, was a unique and peculiar thing: a folio volume of barely more than a dozen pages, in which he outlined a classification system for all members of what he considered the three kingdoms of nature - "plants", "animals", and "minerals". Notwithstanding the inclusion of minerals, what really mattered were his views on the kingdoms of life.
...
His treatment of animals, presented on one double-page spread, was organized into six major columns, each topped with a name for one of his classes: "Quadrupedia", "Aves", "Amphibia", "Pisces", "Insecta", "Vermes".

"Quadrupedia" was divided into several four-limbed orders, including "Anthropomorpha" (mainly primates), "Ferae" (such as canids, felids, bears), and others.

His "Amphibia" encompassed reptiles as well as amphibians, and

his "Vermes" was a catchall group, containing not just worms and leeches and flukes but also slugs, sea cucumbers, starfish, barnacles, and other sea animals.

He divided each order further, into "genera" (some with recognizable names such as Leo, Ursus, Hippopotamus, and Homo), and each genus into "species".

Apart from the six classes, Linnaeus also gave half a column to what he called "Paradoxa", a wild-card group of chimerical or simply befuddling creatures such as the unicorn, the phoenix, the dragon, the satyr, and a certain giant tadpole (now known as Pseudis paradoxa) that, weirdly, shrinks during metamorphosis into a much smaller frog. Across the top of the chart ran large letters: "CAROLI LINNAEI REGNUM ANIMALE". It was a provisional effort, grand in scope, integrated, but not especially original, to make sense of faunal diversity based on what was known and believed at the time. Then again, animals weren't his specialty.
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His classification of the vegetable kingdom ... became known as the "sexual system" because he recognized that flowers are sexual structures, and he used their male and female organs—their stamens and pistils - to characterize his groups. He defined 23 classes, into which he placed all the flowering plants (with a 24th class for cryptogams, those that don't flower), based on the number, size, and arrangement of their stamens. Then he broke each class into orders, based on their pistils. To the classes, he gave names such as "Monandria", "Diandria", "Triandria" (meaning: "one husband", "two husbands", "three husbands") and, within each, ordinal names such as "Monogynia", "Digynia", "Trigynia", thereby evoking all sorts of scandalous ménages (a plant of the Monogynia order within the Tetrandria class: one wife with four husbands) that caused lewd smirks and disapproving scowls among some of his contemporaries. Linnaeus himself seems to have enjoyed the sexy subtext. And it didn't prevent his botanical schema from becoming the accepted system of plant classification throughout Europe.
...
But his passion for order—for seeking a natural order - did move taxonomy toward the insights later delivered by Charles Darwin.
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In "Species Plantarum", he established the "Latin binomial system for naming plants", and then in the tenth edition of "Systema Naturae", published in 1758-59 as two fat volumes, he extended it to all species, both plant and animal. A pondweed clumsily known as Potamogeton caule compresso, folio Graminis canini, et cetera, became Potamogeton compressum. We became "Homo sapiens".
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But he was also quietly effective in mentoring the most talented and serious of his students, of whom more than a dozen went off on adventuresome natural history explorations around the world, faithfully sending data and specimens back to the old man. With his typically sublime absence of modesty, he called those travelers the "apostles."
...

nrm.se
Naturhistoriska riksmuseet, Stockholm
Linnean herbarium

About the Linnean herbarium

Linnean herbarium (S-LINN)

Department of Phanerogamic Botany at the Swedish Museum of Natural History

The Linnean herbarium at the Swedish Museum of Natural History in Stockholm comprises some 4000 herbarium specimens, several of which are types formally designated by various experts. The specimens were once distributed by "Linnaeus" to his disciples and eventually they became part of the collections of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, subsequently the Swedish Museum of Natural History. Linnaeus' main collections are today housed at the The Linnean Society of London

So far, this material has only been available to visiting scientists, and as small black and white microfiche photographs. Images of a number of specimens from the Linnean herbarium in Stockholm are now presented on the museum web-server. It is our ambition that the presentation will eventually include images of all the sheets in this Linnean collection.

The project was initiated in 1997, and is since 1999 supported by The Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Foundation. The work is performed by Louise Petrusson and Pia Östensson.

• Information provided with the images
• A story about a Linnean specimen
• The Linnaean Plant Name Typification Project

List of Linnean types in S-LINN:

| Actaea cimicifuga | Allium fistulosum | Artemisia judaica | Avena pratensis | Barleria prionitis | Cactus ficus-indica | Caucalis daucoides | Celosia trigyna | Cimicifuga foetida | Circaea lutetiana ß canadensis | Chrysocoma graminifolia | Cistus thymifolius | Cordia myxa | Crassula punctata | Dianthus prolifer | Epidendrum amabile | Erica passerina | Erica retorta | Erica thunbergii | Eupatorium altissimum | Eupatorium trifoliatum | Forsskaolea tenacissima | Geranium reflexum | Hedysarum lineatum | Hedysarum moniliferum | Hyoscyamus physalodes | Inula squarrosa | Lathyrus palustris | Lathyrus setifolius | Lotus fruticosus | Mentha arvensis | Ornithogalum canadense | Passiflora quadrangularis | Potamogeton serratum | Ptelea trifoliata | Rumex acutus | Rumex maritimus | Saxifraga tridactylites | Scirpus palustris | Scrophularia auriculata | Sedum sexangulare | Senecio trilobus | Silene noctiflora | Subularia aquatica | Tiarella cordifolia | Verbascum osbeckii | Verbena jamaicensis | Veronica anagallis-aquatica

plantexplorers.com
Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné)

Carl Linnaeus

• •What's in a Name? Linnaeus
• •Classification
• •Doctor Celsius
• •Daniel Solander
• •Erasmus Darwin
• •Joseph Banks

"Carl Linnaeus" was born on the 23rd of May, 1707 at Råshult, in the parish of Stenbrohult, where his father was vicar, in Småland, Sweden. Young "Carl Linnaeus" loved to spend his days out in the countryside, which in pre-industrial Sweden was rife with fresh air and wildlife. He avoided the schoolroom to such a degree that his father despaired he would ever amount to anything. However, the local doctor, Johan Rothman, saw more in the boy's interest in nature, and encouraged him to study medicine, which then included botany.

"Linnaeus" attended the University of Lund, where he studied medicine for a year before moving on to the larger University at Uppsala. Like so many students, past and present, he lived in poverty while pursuing his education, and like so many, he persevered and became an outstanding student. Soon Doctor Olaf Doctor Celsius, botanist and priest, happened upon young Linnaeus in the University's botanical garden, and was taken with his knowledge and interest in plants. Soon Dr. Celsius offered Linnaeus lodging, and mentored him in his studies. In return, Linnaeus tutored the professor's son, and soon realised one of his greatest talents, that of teaching.
...

Rudbeckia (W3)

Het Rutbeek
7500 Enschede (Provincie Overijssel) NL

Rudbeckia Varieties for the Flower Garden

"rudbeckia" - "Rudbeck", botaniste suédois (19e s.) - v. "-ia"

• Rudbeckia ( Herbstonne Black-eyed Susan )
• Rudbeckia fulgida var. deamii ( Black-eyed Susan )
• Rudbeckia fulgida var. speciosa( Black-eyed Susan )
• Rudbeckia fulgida var. sullivantii ( Black-eyed Susan )
• Rudbeckia hirta ( Bambi Black Eyed Susan )
• Rudbeckia hirta ( Becky Mixed Black-eyed Susan )
• Rudbeckia hirta ( Black-eyed Susan )
• Rudbeckia hirta ( Goldilocks Gloriosa Daisy )
• Rudbeckia hirta ( Irish Eyes Gloriosa Daisy )
• Rudbeckia hirta ( Kelvedon Star Gloriosa Daisy )
• Rudbeckia hirta ( Marmalade Gloriosa Daisy )
• Rudbeckia hirta ( Pinwheel Black-eyed Susan )
• Rudbeckia hirta ( Sonora Dwarf Gloriosa Daisy )
• Rudbeckia hirta ( Toto Dwarf Gloriosa Daisy )
• Rudbeckia laciniata ( Coneflower )
• Rudbeckia laciniata var. hortensia ( Golden Fountain )
• Rudbeckia laciniata var. hortensia ( Golden Glow Coneflower )
• Rudbeckia maxima ( Maxima Coneflower )
• Rudbeckia nitida ( Autumn Glory Cone Flower )
• Rudbeckia nitida ( Cone Flower )
• Rudbeckia subtomentosa ( Sweet Coneflower )
• Rudbeckia triloba ( Brown-eyed Susan )

Title: Reliquiae Rudbeckianae, sive, Camporum Elysiorum. olim ab Olao Rudbeckio patre et filio, Upsaliae anno 1702 editi, quae supersunt, adjectis nominibus Linnaeanis, accedunt aliae quaedam icones caeteris voluminibus Rudbeckianis aut destinatae, aut certe haud omnino alienae hactenus ineditae / Libri primi
Related / Analytical: Camporum Elysiorum.
By: Rudbeck, Olof, 1630-1702, Smith, James Edward, Sir, 1759-1828
Genre: Book
Publication info: Londini: Impensis Editoris,1789.
Subjects: 1707-1778, Botany, Classification, Early works to 1800, Linné, Carl von, Pictorial works, Plants

View Book

Title: Reliquiae Rudbeckianae, sive, Camporum Elysiorum. Libri primi
By: Rudbeck, Olof, Rudbeck, Olof, fil.
Genre: Book
Publication info: Londini : Impensis editoris 1789
Contributed by: Biblioteca Digital del Real Jardin Botanico de Madrid

View Book (External)

Title: UV LIGHT REFLECTION AND ABSORPTION PATTERNS IN POPULATIONS OF RUDBECKIA COMPOSITAE
By: Abrahamson, W G, Mccrea, K D
Genre: Article
Date of Publication: 1977
Original Publication: Rhodora
Volume: 79
Pages: 269--277
Contributed by: BioStor

View Article

Rudbeckia

Familie: Korbblütler (Asteraceae) - Gattung: Sonnenhut (Rudbeckia)

• Sonnenhut Dreilappiger Rudbeckia triloba Korbblütler
• Sonnenhut Glänzender Rudbeckia nitida Korbblütler
• Sonnenhut Großblütiger Rudbeckia grandiflora Korbblütler
• Sonnenhut Großer Rudbeckia maxima Korbblütler
• Sonnenhut Leuchtender Rudbeckia fulgida Korbblütler
• Sonnenhut Missouri Rudbeckia missouriensis Korbblütler
• Sonnenhut Rauhaariger Rudbeckia hirta Korbblütler
• Sonnenhut Schlitzblättriger Rudbeckia laciniata Korbblütler

...
"Rudbeckia": named for the Swedish professor of botany and student of Carl Linnaeus, "Olaus (Olof) Olai Rudbeck" (1660-1740). Rudbeck was a physician, a keen ornithologist, and a professor of anatomy as well as botany at Uppsala University, a position he took over from his father, "Olaus (Olof) Johannis Rudbeck" (1630-1702), and was the author of "De fundamentali plantarum notitia". He was the botany professor of Linnaeus. Later in his life he turned his attention to the study of languages. His sister, Wendela, married Peter Olai Nobelius from whom was descended Alfred Nobel of the Nobel Prize fame. He had 24 children with three different wives. His son Johan Olof Rudbeck (1711-1790) became a well-known natural scientist. His father had established the first botanical garden in Sweden at Uppsala, which was originally called "Rudbeck's Garden" but was renamed a century later for Linnaeus. Over a 20-year period he wrote a massive 2,500-page tome in four volumes called Atlantica purporting to prove that Sweden was the historical Atlantis and that Swedish or Sami was the original language of the Bible's Adam from which Hebrew was descended.

According to William Stearn, the genus name "Rudbeckia", published by Linnaeus in 1753, also commemorates "Rudbeck the Elder", and there are many published and online sources that repeat this information. Some een claim that the name commemorates "Rudbeck the Elder". However Al Schneider sent me a quote from Wilfrid Blunt’s "The Compleat Naturalist": A Life of Linnaeus which he has in his wonderful website Wildflowers, Ferns and Trees of Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona and Utah:

“So long as the earth shall survive and as each spring shall see it covered with flowers, the Rudbeckia will preserve your glorious name. I have chosen a noble plant in order to recall your merits and the services you have rendered, a tall one to give an idea of your stature, and I wanted it to be one which branched and which flowered and fruited freely, to show that you cultivated not only the sciences but also the humanities. Its rayed flowers will bear witness that you shone among savants like the sun among the stars; its perennial roots will remind us that each year sees you live again through new works. Pride of our gardens, the Rudbeckia will be cultivated throughout Europe and in distant lands where your revered name must long have been known. Accept this plant, not for what it is but for what it will become when it bears your name.”

This was in a letter which Linnaeus sent to his botany teacher Rudbeck, and I think is clear evidence that the name was intended to honor "Rudbeck the Younger". (ref. genus Rudbeckia)
...

Rudbeckia

RUDBECKIA, subst. masc.; Étymol. et Hist. 1842 "rudbeckie" (Ac. Compl.); 1964 "rudbeckia" (Lar. encyclop.). Du n. du botaniste suédois "Olaf Rudbeck" (1660-1740); cf. "rudbeck" (Boiste 1812 à 1834) et le lat. sc. "rudbeckia" (1770, Linné Syst. Nat. t. 2, p. 570).

Botanary: "Rudbeckia"
Meaning: Named for "Olof Rudbeck and his son" (also Olof), 17th century Swedish botanists

• Rudbeckia fulgida var. deamii, Sonnenhut Blumenrabatten, Schnittblume
• Rudbeckia fulgida var. sullivantii 'Goldsturm', Sonnenhut Blumenrabatten
• Rudbeckia lanciniata 'Goldball', Gefüllter Sonnenhut Bauerngarten
• Rudbeckia nitida, Sonnenhut für den Bauerngarten, Großstaude
• Rudbeckia triloba, Dreilappiger Sonnenhut Neuheit

• Echinacea purpurea Rudbeckia purpurea Asteraceae Eastern Purple Coneflower
• Rudbeckia hirta Asteraceae Black-Eyed Susan
• Rudbeckia laciniata 'Goldquelle' Asteraceae Coneflower

Rudbeckia

• Rudbeckia fulgida (Gelber Sonnenhut, Niedriger)
• Rudbeckia laciniata (Schlitzblättriger Sonnenhut)
• Rudbeckia nitida (Hoher Sonnenhut)

Sonnenhut, Rudbeckia - Pflanzen, Pflege, Schneiden und Vermehren

Sonnenhut: Leuchtfeuer in der Staudenrabatte

Wo ist denn die Sonne? Das fragt sich in nordeuropäischen Ländern manch einer, der keine Fernreise in südliche Gefilde geplant hat und auch in unseren Breiten gerne mehr als nur ein paar Sonnenstrahlen sehen möchte. Glücklicherweise habe ich diese Abhängigkeit hinter mich gebracht, denn in meinem Garten scheint die Sonne seit mehreren Jahren regelmäßig: Meine Staudenrabatten leuchten hauptsächlich in sattem Gelb, meine Sonnenhüte ["Rudbeckia"] erfüllen mit ihren gelben Blüten meine Sehnsucht nach Licht und verbreiten selbst bei trübem Wetter gute Laune.
...

...
Übrigens: Den Namen "Rudbeckia" verdankt der Sonnenhut dem schwedischen Botaniker „Olaf Rudbeck“, der von 1660 bis 1740 lebte.
...

• Rudbeckia blanc purpurea 'White Swan'
• Rudbeckia fulgida Goldsturm fulgida 'Goldsturm'
• Rudbeckia maxima maxima
• Rudbeckia nitida Herbstone nitida 'Herbstone'
• Rudbeckia pourpre purpurea
• Rudbeckia pourpre purpurea 'Magnus'
• Rudbeckia pourpre purpurea 'Sunrise'

Rudbeckia purpurea

Rudbeckia

Rudbeckia

• R. fulgida
• R. 'Herbstonne'
• R. purpurea
• R. hirta
• R. sullivanti
• R. columnifera

• RUDBECKIA fulgida v. fulgida Sonnenhut
• RUDBECKIA fulgida v. speciosa Sonnenhut
• RUDBECKIA fulgida var. sullivantii 'Goldsturm' Sonnenhut
• RUDBECKIA fulgida var.deamii Sonnenhut
• RUDBECKIA fulgida var.fulgida Sonnenhut
• RUDBECKIA fulgida var.speciosa Sonnenhut
• RUDBECKIA grandiflora 'Sundance' Sonnenhut
• RUDBECKIA hirta 'Autumn Colors' Sonnenhut
• RUDBECKIA hirta 'Cappuccino' Sonnenhut
• RUDBECKIA hirta 'Denver Daisy' Sonnenhut
• RUDBECKIA hirta 'Goldilocks' Sonnenhut
• RUDBECKIA hirta 'Indian Summer' Sonnenhut
• RUDBECKIA hirta 'Marmelade' Sonnenhut
• RUDBECKIA hirta 'Maya' Sonnenhut
• RUDBECKIA hirta 'Prairie Sun' Sonnenhut
• RUDBECKIA hirta 'Sonora' Sonnenhut
• RUDBECKIA hirta 'Spotlight' Sonnenhut
• RUDBECKIA hirta 'Toto Gold' Sonnenhut
• RUDBECKIA hirta 'Toto Rustic' Sonnenhut
• RUDBECKIA laciniata Geschlitztblättriger Sonnenhut
• RUDBECKIA maxima Großer Sonnenhut
• RUDBECKIA missouriensis Sonnenhut
• RUDBECKIA occidentalis Westlicher Sonnenhut
• RUDBECKIA subtomentosa Schwachfilziger Sonnenhut
• RUDBECKIA triloba Dreilappiger Sonnenhut
• RUDBECKIA triloba 'Prairie Glow' Sonnenhut

• LINN 1025.5 Rudbeckia sp. (Herb Linn) [img]
• LINN 1025.8 Rudbeckia sp. (Herb Linn) [img]
• LINN 1025.2 Rudbeckia angustifolia (Herb Linn) [img]
• LINN 1025.9 Rudbeckia angustifolia (Herb Linn) [img]
• LINN 1025.4 Rudbeckia hirta (Herb Linn) [img]
• LINN 1025.1 Rudbeckia laciniata (Herb Linn) [img]
• LINN 1025.6 Rudbeckia purpurea (Herb Linn) [img]
• LINN 1025.7 Rudbeckia purpurea (Herb Linn) [img]
• LINN 1025.3 Rudbeckia trilobata (Herb Linn)

Sonnenhut - ein Name, zwei Pflanzen

Sowohl der "Gelbe Sonnenhut" oder "Gewöhnliche Sonnenhut" ("Rudbeckia") als auch der "Scheinsonnenhut" oder "Rote Sonnenhut" ("Echinacea") erinnern mit ihrer Blüte an die klassische Kopfbedeckung. Durch ihre optische Ähnlichkeit wurde zunächst eine biologische Verwandtschaft angenommen, die später korrigiert wurde.
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Rudbeckia [Éponymes]: plante à fleurs - Olaf Rudbeck - botaniste suédois

In der aus Nordamerika stammenden Gattung "Rudbeckia" finden sich üppig blühende, robuste Spätsommer- und Herbstblüher für Prärie-, Beet- und Wildstaudenpflanzungen auf meist recht frischen, nährstoffreichen Böden. Sehr beliebt auch in Bauerngärten. Im herbstlichen Garten ist Sonnenhut unverzichtbar.
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• Rudbeckia fulgida 'City Garden' (Prächtiger Sonnenhut)
• Rudbeckia fulgida 'Early Bird Gold ®' (Prächtiger Sonnenhut)
• Rudbeckia fulgida 'Little Gold Star ®' (Prächtiger Sonnenhut)
• Rudbeckia fulgida var. deamii (Deam-Sonnenhut)
• Rudbeckia fulgida var. speciosa (Prächtiger Sonnenhut)
• Rudbeckia fulgida var. Sullivantii 'Goldsturm' (Prächtiger Garten-Sonnenhut)
• Rudbeckia grandiflora 'Sundance' (Sonnenhut)
• Rudbeckia hirta 'Autumn Colors' (Einjähriger Sonnenhut)
• Rudbeckia laciniata 'Goldquelle' (Gefülltblühender Garten-Sonnenhut)
• Rudbeckia maxima (Großer Sonnenhut)
• Rudbeckia missouriensis (Sonnenhut)
• Rudbeckia nitida 'Herbstsonne' (Garten-, Fallschirm-Sonnenhut)
• Rudbeckia occidentalis (Garten-Sonnenhut)
• Rudbeckia subtomentosa 'Henry Eilers' (Schwachfilziger Sonnenhut)
• Rudbeckia triloba 'Prairie Glow' (Zweijähriger Sonnenhut)
• Rudbeckia triloba 'Takao' (Garten-Sonnenhut)

• Rudbeckia californica image page from CalPhotos
• Rudbeckia californica var. californica image page from CalPhotos
• Rudbeckia fulgida var. palustris (zoom) - Plant in flower; cultivated, Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, Austin, Texas - photo: Hugh Wilson
• Rudbeckia fulgida var. palustris (zoom) - Capitulum, from front; cultivated, Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, Austin, Texas - photo: Hugh Wilson
• Rudbeckia fulgida (orange coneflower) species page from Bioimages
• Rudbeckia fulgida (orange coneflower) species page from Forestry Images
• Rudbeckia fulgida image page from Missouri Plants
• Rudbeckia glaucescens image page from CalPhotos
• Rudbeckia glaucescens from the Oregon Flora Image Project
• Rudbeckia grandiflora - Plants in flower - photo: Hugh Wilson
• Rudbeckia grandiflora - capitulum at early development with lower (outer) florets at anthesis - Lick Creek Park, Brazos Count - photo: Hugh Wilson
• Rudbeckia grandiflora - capitulum at early development with lower (outer) florets at anthesis - from above - note pollen mass - photo: Hugh Wilson
• Rudbeckia grandiflora - capitulum at late development with nearly all florets past anthesis - uppermost pushing pollen - photo: Hugh Wilson
• Rudbeckia grandiflora var. alismifolia (zoom) - Plants in flower; just s. of Normangee, Madison County, Texas (Amanda Neill 2691) - photo: Hugh Wilson
• Rudbeckia grandiflora - Native, from College Station, TX. (whole plants) - photo: James Manhart
• Rudbeckia grandiflora - Native, from College Station, TX. (whole plants) - photo: James Manhart
• Rudbeckia hirta (zoom) - fruiting head - well past anthesis - College Station, Texas - photo: Hugh Wilson
• Rudbeckia hirta (zoom) - Fruiting capitulum; Lick Creek Park, Brazos County, Texas (site overview) - photo: Hugh Wilson
• Rudbeckia hirta (black eyed Susan) species page from Bioimages
• Rudbeckia hirta image page from CalPhotos
• Rudbeckia hirta species page from the Connecticut Botanical Society
• Rudbeckia hirta (black-eyed susan) species page from Forestry Images
• Rudbeckia hirta (Black-Eyed Susan) species page from the Flowers of India
• Rudbeckia hirta - Native, from College Station, TX. (whole plant) - photo: James Manhart
• Rudbeckia hirta - Native, from Navasota Flora. (fasciated) - photo: James Manhart
• Rudbeckia hirta - Native, from Navasota Flora. (fasciated) - photo: James Manhart
• Rudbeckia hirta - Native, from College Station,TX. (longitudinal section of head - BOTN 485)
• Rudbeckia hirta - Native, from College Station,TX. (head parts - BOTN 485)
• Rudbeckia hirta image page from Kansas Wildflowers and Grasses
• Rudbeckia hirta image page from Missouri Plants
• Rudbeckia hirta species page from Cal's Plant of the Week
• Rudbeckia hirta species page from the Image Libarary - Southwest Environmental Infomation Network
• Rudbeckia hirta (Black-eyed Susan) image page from Pasture and Roadside Flowering Plants of Goodwell and Texhoma, Texas County, Oklahoma
• Rudbeckia hirta species page from Flowers in Ultraviolet
• Rudbeckia hirta var. pulcherrima image page from CalPhotos
• Rudbeckia hirta var. pulcherrima image page from BIO 406D (University of Texas)
• Rudbeckia klamathensis image page from CalPhotos
• Rudbeckia laciniata (zoom) - inflorescence; open marsh, Holmes County, Ohio - photo: Hugh Wilson
• Rudbeckia laciniata (zoom) - phyllaries; open marsh, Holmes County, Ohio - photo: Hugh Wilson
• Rudbeckia laciniata (zoom) - leaf; open marsh, Holmes County, Ohio - photo: Hugh Wilson
• Rudbeckia laciniata (zoom) - plants in flower; open marsh, Holmes County, Ohio - photo: Hugh Wilson
• Rudbeckia laciniata (zoom) - gall - fasciation - abnormal growth; open marsh, Holmes County, Ohio - photo: Hugh Wilson
• Rudbeckia laciniata (cutleaf coneflower) species page from Bioimages
• Rudbeckia laciniata image page from CalPhotos
• Rudbeckia laciniata species page from the Connecticut Botanical Society
• Rudbeckia laciniata (cutleaf coneflower) species page from Forestry Images
• Rudbeckia laciniata species image page from Vascular Plants of the Gila Wilderness (USA - New Mexico)
• Rudbeckia laciniata image page from Josef Hlasek - Wildlife Photo Gallery
• Rudbeckia laciniata image page from Josef Hlasek - Wildlife Photo Gallery
• Rudbeckia laciniata image page from Josef Hlasek - Wildlife Photo Gallery
• Rudbeckia laciniata image page from Josef Hlasek - Wildlife Photo Gallery
• Rudbeckia laciniata image page from Kansas Wildflowers and Grasses
• Rudbeckia laciniata image page from Missouri Plants
• Rudbeckia laciniata species page from the Image Libarary - Southwest Environmental Infomation Network
• Rudbeckia laciniata var. ampla (cutleaf coneflower) species page from Forestry Images
• Rudbeckia laciniata [id not certain] - Native, from Cumbres & Toltec RR. (whole plant) - photo: James Manhart
• Rudbeckia laciniata [id not certain] - Native, from Cumbres & Toltec RR. (head - bee) - photo: James Manhart
• Rudbeckia laciniata [id not certain] - Native, from Cumbres & Toltec RR. (head - bee) - photo: James Manhart
• Rudbeckia laciniata [id not certain] - Native, from Cumbres & Toltec RR. (head) - photo: James Manhart
• Rudbeckia maxima (zoom) - Plants in flower; cultivated at Peaceable Kingdom Farm, Washington County, Texas - photo: Hugh Wilson
• Rudbeckia maxima (zoom) - Leaf; cultivated at Peaceable Kingdom Farm, Washington County, Texas - photo: Hugh Wilson
• Rudbeckia maxima (zoom) - Inflorescence, side view, close; cultivated at Peaceable Kingdom Farm, Washington County, Texas - photo: Hugh Wilson
• Rudbeckia maxima (zoom) - Inflorescence from below - phyllaries; cultivated at Peaceable Kingdom Farm, Washington County, Texas - photo: Hugh Wilson
• Rudbeckia maxima (zoom) - Inflorescence, side view; cultivated at Peaceable Kingdom Farm, Washington County, Texas - photo: Hugh Wilson
• Rudbeckia maxima (zoom) - Plant in early flower; just s. of Normangee, Madison County, Texas - photo: Hugh Wilson
• Rudbeckia maxima (zoom) - Capitulum, just prior to anthesis; just s. of Normangee, Madison County, Texas - photo: Hugh Wilson
• Rudbeckia maxima (zoom) - Basal cauline leaf; just s. of Normangee, Madison County, Texas - photo: Hugh Wilson
• Rudbeckia maxima (zoom) - Upper, glaucous leaf; just s. of Normangee, Madison County, Texas - photo: Hugh Wilson
• Rudbeckia maxima (zoom) - Capitulum, just prior to anthesis - phyllaries; just s. of Normangee, Madison County, Texas - photo: Hugh Wilson
• Rudbeckia missouriensis image page from Missouri Plants
• Rudbeckia occidentalis from the Oregon Flora Image Project
• Rudbeckia occidentalis var. occidentalis image page from CalPhotos
• Rudbeckia subtomentosa image page from Missouri Plants
• Rudbeckia triloba (brown eyed Susan) species page from Bioimages
• Rudbeckia triloba image page from CalPhotos
• Rudbeckia triloba image page from Kansas Wildflowers and Grasses
• Rudbeckia triloba image page from Missouri Plants

• RUAM7: Rudbeckia amplexicaulis Vahl 1/0
• RUAL17: Rudbeckia alpicola Piper showy coneflower 3/0
• RUCA3: Rudbeckia californica A. Gray California coneflower 7/0
• RUFU2: Rudbeckia fulgida Aiton orange coneflower 2/1
• RUFUS3: Rudbeckia fulgida Aiton var. speciosa (Wender.) Perdue orange coneflower
• RUSP8: Rudbeckia fulgida Aiton var. sullivantii (C.L. Boynt. & Beadle) Cronquist 0/1
• RUFUU: Rudbeckia fulgida Aiton var. umbrosa (C.L. Boynt. & Beadle) Cronquist orange coneflower
• RUUM: Rudbeckia chapmanii C.L. Boynt. & Beadle 0/1
• RUGL7: Rudbeckia glaucescens Eastw. waxy coneflower 2/0
• RUGR7: Rudbeckia graminifolia (Torr. & A. Gray) C.L. Boynt. & Beadle grassleaf coneflower 2/0
• RUGR: Rudbeckia grandiflora (D. Don) J.F. Gmel. ex DC. rough coneflower 6/1
• RUHI2: Rudbeckia hirta L. blackeyed Susan 11/1
• RUHIH: Rudbeckia hirta L. var. hirta blackeyed Susan
• RUBR11: Rudbeckia amplectens T.V. Moore 0/1
• RUHIP: Rudbeckia hirta L. var. pulcherrima Farw. blackeyed Susan
• RUSE5: Rudbeckia sericea T.V. Moore 1/0
• RULA3: Rudbeckia laciniata L. cutleaf coneflower 10/2
• RULAA: Rudbeckia laciniata L. var. ampla (A. Nelson) Cronquist cutleaf coneflower
• RUAM9: Rudbeckia ampla A. Nelson 1/0
• RUMA3: Rudbeckia maxima Nutt. great coneflower 5/2
• RUMI: Rudbeckia missouriensis Engelm. ex C.L. Boynt. & Beadle Missouri orange coneflower 1/0
• RUNI3: Rudbeckia nitida Nutt. shiny coneflower 7/0
• RUOC2: Rudbeckia occidentalis Nutt. western coneflower 3/0
• RUSC4: Rudbeckia scabrifolia L.E. Brown roughleaf coneflower 4/0
• RUSU: Rudbeckia subtomentosa Pursh sweet coneflower 4/1
• RUTE4: Rudbeckia texana (Perdue) P. Cox & Urbatsch Texas coneflower
• RUNIT: Rudbeckia nitida Nutt. var. texana Perdue 1/0
• RUTR2: Rudbeckia triloba L. browneyed Susan 1/1

• "coneflower": any of various plants of the genus Rudbeckia cultivated for their large usually yellow daisies with prominent central cones

• "genus Rudbeckia": North American perennial herbs with showy cone-shaped flower heads

• "Rudbeckia": North American perennial herbs with showy cone-shaped flower heads
• "Rudbeckia hirta": the state flower of Maryland
• "Rudbeckia laciniata": tall leafy plant with erect branches ending in large yellow flower heads with downward-arching rays; grow in Rocky Mountains south to Arizona and east to the Atlantic coast
• "Rudbeckia laciniata hortensia": very tall branching herb with showy much-doubled yellow flower heads
• "Rudbeckia serotina": the state flower of Maryland

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Systematik und Verbreitung

Die Gattung "Rudbeckia" wurde durch Carl von Linné aufgestellt. Der Gattungsname "Rudbeckia" ehrt die beiden schwedischen Wissenschaftler "Olof Rudbeck den Älteren" und "Olof Rudbeck den Jüngeren", Vater und Sohn. Als Lectotypus-Art wurde 1913 "Rudbeckia hirta L." durch Nathaniel Lord Britton und Addison Brown in "An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States", 2. Auflage, 3, S. 469, festgelegt. Synonyme für "Rudbeckia L." sind: "Centrocarpha D.Don", "Dracopis (Cass.) Cass.".

Die nordamerikanische Gattung Rudbeckia gehört zur Tribus Heliantheae in der Unterfamilie Asteroideae innerhalb der Familie der Korbblütler (Asteraceae).
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• Rudbeckia fulgida var. speciosa
• Rudbeckia hirta
• Rudbeckia hirta var. pulcherrima
• Rudbeckia laciniata
• Rudbeckia laciniata f. 'Hortensia'
• Rudbeckia laciniata var. laciniata
• Rudbeckia subtomentosa
• Rudbeckia triloba
• Rudbeckia triloba var. triloba

rudbeckia
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Origin of "rudbeckia": ModL, after "O. Rudbeck" (1630-1702), Swedish botanist
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Jarvis, Charlie
Order Out of Chaos
Linnaean Plant Names and Their Types

10th June 2008

Created in 2000, the CBHL Annual Literature Award is given by the "Council on Botanical and Horticultural Libraries" ("CBHL") to both the author and publisher of a work that makes a significant contribution to the literature of botany or horticulture.

Order out of Chaos: Linnean Plant Names and Their Types by Charlie Jarvis (Linnean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum, London, 2007), and Encyclopedia of Garden Ferns by Sue Olson (Timber Press, 2007), have won the 2008 Annual Literature Awards from The Council on Botanical and Horticultural Libraries.

Charlie Jarvis's Order out of Chaos, a guide to plant names described by the Swedish naturalist "Carl Linnaeus" (1708-1778), was the winner in CBHL's technical category, chosen both for its unique and substantive content combining history, biography, and scientific research as well as for its attractive design. "Today our need for stable knowledge about plants, including precise nomenclature, is urgently driven by population growth, increased consumption, habitat degradation, and other threats to the natural world that are causing us to lose plant species faster than we can identify them. . . . This book brings together a critical mass of information on the more than 9,000 plant names authored by Linnaeus in this 300th anniversary year of his birth." (Charlotte Tancin, Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh).
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