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albicocca (W3)
Katal. "abercoc", dt. "Aprikose", span. "albaricoque", frz. "abricot", ital. "albicocca", ndl. "abrikoos", engl. "apricot", bot. "Prunus armeniaca", geht über ndl. "abrikoos", frz. "abricots" (Plur.), span. "albaricoque" zurück auf arab. "al-barquq", "al-barqûq" = dt. "die Pflaume". Die Araber sollen es jedoch ihrerseits aus spätgriech., spätlat. "praecoca" = dt. "Pfirsiche", mit der wörtlichen Bedeutung dt. "frühreife (Frucht)", frz. "fruit précoce", (lat. "praecoquus" = dt. "vor der Zeit reif") übernommen haben.
Als Wurzel wird ide. "*pekw-" mit der Bedeutung dt. "kochen", "backen", "braten", "reifen", "reif werden lassen", "reif werden" postuliert.
In den europäischen Sprachen wurde also der arabische Artikel "al" (metanalytisch) mit zum lateinischen Ausgangswort "praecoca" übernommen. Während Spanisch und Italienisch das "al-" beibehielten, wurde es in anderen Sprachen zu "a-"verkürzt.
Die Wanderung der "Aprikose" scheint also in Rom zu beginnen, führt dann nach Griechenland, Byzanz, Arabien, die Iberische Halbinsel, Italien, Frankreich, Deutschland, England, und dann in das restliche Europa, von Skandinavien in den Norden Rußlands und weiter nach Osten.
(E?)(L?) https://blog.oup.com/2012/08/word-origin-apricot-etymology/
Two English apr-words, part 2: "Apricot"
AUGUST 8TH 2012
By Anatoly Liberman
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The Romans first called the fruit "malum (or prunum) Armeniacum" = "Armenian apple (or plum)" and after that "malum praecoquum" = "early ripening apple" (compare Engl. "precocious") because apricots were considered to be a kind of peaches, but they ripen first. Latin "coquere" means "cook” (the English verb is a borrowing of it). Consequently, "praecoquere" means "cook", "boil beforehand". Our "precocious children" are (figuratively speaking) ready for use "(cooked) too soon". The Greeks pronounced the Latin adjective as "praikókon", but in Byzantium it changed to "beríkokkon". In this form it became known to the Arabs, who shortened it and added the definite article. The result was "al-burquq" and "al-barquq". The Modern Romance names of the "apricot" owe their existence to Arabic: Spanish "albaricoque", Portuguese "albricoque", Italian "albercocca", "albicocca" (in dialects often without the Arabic article), and French "apricot". It may seem more natural to suppose that the point of departure was the East rather than Rome, but things probably happened as described above.
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(E?)(L?) https://westegg.com/etymology/
"Apricot"
This term, which comes from the French "abricot" - and was "aubercot" until the Fifteenth Century - does not have one simple etymology, but rather a combination of several, involving a considerable juxtaposition of ideas. On the one hand, we have Portuguese "albricoque", Spanish "albaricoque" and Italian "albicocca", which all stem from the Arabic "al barqouq" or "al birquq", for the Iberian Peninsula owed much to the Arab gardeners of Southern Spain (Andalusia). The Arabic word means "early-ripe", and itself derives from the Latin "praecox" or "praecoquum malum" (in Greek, "praecoxon"), meaning "early-ripener" and "early-ripening apple", respectively (see the etymology of "apple"). This was the name given by the Roman legionaries when they first brought the fruit back to Rome, as they were returning from the Near East in the first century. Being easy to eat, it also was called "aperitum", "fruit which opens easily", and there is an association with Greek "abros", "delicate", for it does not travel well and ripens very quickly. The idea that there was a connection with Latin "apricus", "ripe", may have given rise to the "p" in English "apricot", which combines with the French "-cot" ending. Incidentally, the fruit is "Aprikose" to the Germans and "abrikos" to the Russians, but all these roads lead to Rome, from where the term - and the fruit - first spread throughout Europe.
(E1)(L1) http://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?corpus=22&content=albicocca
Abfrage im Google-Corpus mit 15Mio. eingescannter Bücher von 1500 bis heute.
Ital. "albicocca" taucht in der Literatur um das Jahr 1780 auf.
Erstellt: 2019-07