Etymologie, Etimología, Étymologie, Etimologia, Etymology, (griech.) etymología, (lat.) etymologia, (esper.) etimologio
IQ Irak, Iraq, Irak, Iraq, Iraq, (esper.) Irako
Rose, Rosa, Rose, Rosa, Rose, (lat.) rosa, (esper.) rozo, rozacoj
Rosen Arten und Hybriden
Rosa x damascena, Rosa damascena, Rosa bifera Pers., Damaszener Rosen, Damaszenerrose, Rosas Damascenas, Rosier de Damas, Rose Damasco, Damask Rosen

Bussora - Rose

Bussora: Iraq
SOURCE: National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Rose (Rosa damascena Miller)

Synonyms:

• pharmaceutical: Flores Rosae
• Albanian Trëndafil qeni (Rosa canina)
• Amharic: Tsigereda
• Arabic: Warda, Ward alaham
• Aramaic: Wrad, Nastrinag
• Armenian: Vart, Vard
• Assamese: Golap
• ...
• English: "Bussora rose", "Damask rose"
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Street View of Bussora

Bussora

Bussorah rose

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Other names: "Basra", "Al Basrah", "Al-Basra", "Bacora", "Basora", "Basra", "Basrah", "Bassora", "Bassorah", "Bassra", "Baçorá", "Busra", "Busrah", "Bussora", "Bŕssora", "albsrt", "ba shi la", "ba si la", "basura", "bsrh", "bsrt", "bzrh", ...
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"Basra", Arabic "al Basrah", city (1987 pop. 406,296), SE Iraq, on the Shatt al Arab. Basra is Iraq's second largest city and principal port. Its commercially advantageous location, near oil fields and 75 mi (121 km) from the Persian Gulf, has made it prosperous, and oil is refined in the city. Petroleum products, grains, wool, and dates are exported. Basra was founded by the caliph Umar I, at the site of modern Az Zabair. It was a cultural center under Harun ar-Rashid and declined with the decay of the Abbasid caliphate. Its possession was long contested by the Persians and the Turks. Largely in ruins by the mid-14 cent., Basra was subsequently re-established on its present site. The British occupied Basra during World War I and used its port; they remained there until 1930. After World War I the construction of a rail line to Baghdad and the building of a modern harbor restored the city's importance. Due to its location on the heavily contested Shatt al Arab waterway, Basra was hard hit by Iranian forces in the 1980s during the Iran-Iraq War. The port was further bombed by western coalition forces in the Persian Gulf War (1991), primarily to thwart covert trade. Basra is the seat of a branch of the Univ. of Baghdad.

The name also appears as "Bassora", "Bussora", and "Busra".
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Bussora, Iraq

Al Basrah map
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Related places

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Bussora is located in Iraq and its geographical coordinates are latitude : 30.4942° N and longitude : 47.8192° E.

Damascus rose

Synonyms:

• -pharmaceutical: Flores Rosae
• -Arabic : Ward alaham
• -Azeri: Qizilgül
• -English : Bussora rose, Damask rose
• -Farsi : Gol Mohammadi, Golesorkh, Gol Ward
• -French : Rose de Damas
• -German : Rose
• -Hindi : Gulab, Sudburg, Gulabi rang
• -Serbian : Ruža
• -Slovak : Ruža šípová (Rosa canina)
• -Turkish: Yagi gülü; Sam gülü; It burnu, Yabanî gül, Kusburnu, Sillan, Gülburnu, Gülelmasil (Rosa canina)

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Here and there are found extensive rice-fields; liquorice, wheat, barley and roses are also cultivated in places.
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Besides dates the principal articles of export are wool, horses, liquorice, gum and attar of roses.
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History

The original city of "Basra" was founded by the caliph Omar in A.D. 636 about 8 m. S.W. of its present site, on the edge of the stony and pebbly Arabian plateau, on an ancient canal now dry. The modern town of "Zobeir", a sort of health suburb, occupied by the villas of well-to-do inhabitants of "Basra", lies near the ruin mounds which mark the situation of the ancient city. In the days of its prosperity it rivalled Kufa and Wasit in wealth and size, and its fame is in the tales of the Arabian Nights. With the decay of the power of the Abbasid caliphate its importance declined. The canals were neglected, communication with the Persian Gulf was cut off and finally the place was abandoned altogether. The present city was conquered by the Turks in 1668, and since that period has been the scene of many revolutions. It was taken in 1777 after a siege of eight months by the Persians under Sadik Khan. In about a year it fell again into the hands of the Turks, who were again deprived of it by the sheikh of the Montefik (Montafiq) Arabs. The town was in the October following recovered by Suleiman Pasha, who encountered the sheikh on the banks of the Euphrates and put him to flight; it has since remained in the hands of the Turks. (J. P. PE.)
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"Bussora": see "Basra"

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Etymology

The city was called by many names throughout its history, "Basrah" being the most common. In Arabic the word "basrah" means "the overwatcher", which might have been an allusion to the city's origin as an Arab military base against the Sassanids. Some sources claim that the name is derived from the Persian word "Bas-rah", which means "where many paths meet". Others have argued that the name is derived from the Aramaic word "basratha", meaning "place of huts" or "settlement".

During the pre-Islamic era, the area was known to the Arabs as al-Khariba due to the existence of an ancient city called "al-Kharba". After the present city was built, it was called by many names, including "the mother of Iraq", "the reservoir of Arabs", "the prosperous city", and "al-Faiha".
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