Hiberno-English (W3)

Republic of Ireland: Hiberno-English

• Cork
• Dublin (General, North Dublin, South Dublin)
• Donegal
• Galway City
• Limerick City
• Sligo Town
• Waterford City
• Border (Connacht/Leinster/Ulster) (Cavan, Leitrim (North), Louth (North), Monaghan)
• East (Leinster) (Kildare, Louth (South), Meath, Wicklow)
• South East (Leinster/Munster) (Kilkenny, Waterford, Wexford)
• Midlands (Leinster/Munster) (Carlow, Laois, Longford, Offaly, Tipperary, Westmeath)
• South West (Munster) (Cork, Kerry, Limerick)
• West (Connacht/Munster) (Clare, Galway, Leitrim (South), Mayo, Roscommon, Sligo)

"Hiberno-English", or "Irish English", is the dialect of English written and spoken in Ireland (Latin: Hibernia).

English was first brought to Ireland as a result of the Norman invasion of the late 12th century, although during that time the Normans did not speak English, but rather Norman-French. Initially, it was mainly spoken in an area known as the Pale around Dublin, with Irish spoken throughout the rest of the country. By the Tudor period, the Irish culture and language had regained most of the territory initially lost to the colonists: even in the Pale, "all the common folk … for the most part are of Irish birth, Irish habit, and of Irish language". However, the resumption of English expansion following the Tudor conquest of Ireland saw a revival in use of their language, especially during the plantations. By the mid-19th century, English was the majority language spoken in the country. It has retained this status to the present day, with even the minority whose first language is Irish usually being fluent in English as well.

Modern English as spoken in Ireland today retains some features showing the influence of the Irish language, such as vocabulary, grammatical structure, and pronunciation.

Contents

• 1 Spelling
• 2 Vocabulary 2.1 Loan words
• 2.2 Derived words
• 2.3 Survivals from Old- and Middle-English
• 2.4 Others
• 3 Grammar and syntax 3.1 From Irish 3.1.1 Reduplication
• 3.1.2 Yes and no
• 3.1.3 Recent past construction
• 3.1.4 Reflection for emphasis
• 3.1.5 Prepositional pronouns
• 3.1.6 To be
• 3.2 From Old- and Middle-English
• 3.3 Other grammatical influences
• 4 Pronunciation 4.1 Leinster and Greater Dublin
• 4.2 Ulster
• 5 See also
• 6 Notes
• 7 Bibliography
• 8 External links

...

What is "Hiberno-English"? Is it a dialect of English?

(Pondial differences)

Bob Cunningham: Recalling Padraig's recent remarks about whether or not Hiberno-English should be considered to be a dialect of English, I've done a Google search and have come up with some remarks that seem to be pertinent.

University College Dublin has a Web site at www.ucd.ie. On a page of that site, at Staff Publications, there appear the following remarks:

===== Begin remarks =====

Hiberno-English is the name given to the Irish dialect of English. It differs from Standard English on two principal counts. First, it is a hybrid dialect, full of borrowings from the Irish language, with words or phrases imported directly or in anglicised form ('meas', 'rawmaish', 'galore', and so on). Thus 'galore' is an anglicisation of the Irish 'go leor', meaning 'in abundance'. Galore has now passed into Standard English usage, but Hiberno-English is full of such formations which remain unique to Ireland. Irish also influences the grammar, as in 'I'm after writing a letter'.

The second strand in Hiberno-English comprises words obsolete in Standard English but still commonly used in Ireland. Thus a word like 'oxter', meaning an armpit, is still in general use in Ireland but passed out of Standard English around 1800. Similarly, words such as 'cog', to cheat in an exam, 'crack', 'bowsey' and 'delph' have retained their currency in Ireland.

In this pioneering work, Professor Dolan has prepared an accessible one volume dictionary of Hiberno-English.

===== End remarks =====

So far as I've seen, the page doesn't give an explicit reference to Professor Dolan's book. However, I happen to have a book called _A Dictionary of Hiberno-English_, subtitled "The Irish Use of English"; compiled and edited by Terence Patrick Dolan, published by Gill & Macmillan Ltd, Goldenbridge, Dublin 8; copyright Terence Patrick Dolan 1998. It seems reasonable to assume it's the book the UCD Web page is referring to.

(extract from the aue archives, article by Bob Cunningham, follow the link below for the complete thread)

This site is dedicated to the study and promotion of Hiberno-English: Hiberno (= "Irish", and English), indicating that we are dealing with English that has been profoundly influenced by features of the Irish language.
...
This site provides an introduction to the history and grammar of Hiberno-English. It also provides a small number of Hiberno-English related links, and relevant details of Hiberno-English related events, such as public lectures, radio broadcasts and so forth.

The main purpose of this site, however, is to build and maintain an archive of Hiberno-English words, phrases, sayings, and idioms, collected and collated by Professor Terence Patrick Dolan of University College Dublin - a world authority on Hiberno-English lexicography and author of A Dictionary of Hiberno-English: The Irish Use of English published by Gill and Macmillan, Dublin 1998.
...

The History of Hiberno-English

The history as it is outlined here is not meant to be comprehensive. It is a very brief overview. Also it deals only with external events that influenced languages spoken in Ireland.

Two languages dominate any discussion of Language of Ireland - Irish and English. Although Hiberno-English is now the national Standard Language of Ireland, the Irish language was the principal language of most of the population until well into the nineteenth century. In many ways the history of the interplay between the two languages reflects the external history of the country. English has won the battle of dominance but only to a certain extent and from a certain point of view. The title of Hiberno-English with its two components clearly describes the relationship between the two tongues.

English has been used in Ireland since the twelfth century. The Anglo-Normans began arriving in Ireland from about 1167 onwards, bringing with them the Norman-French and English languages. This meant that there were three languages current in Ireland at that time - Irish, Norman-French, and English. In addition Latin was used by senior clerics. Norman-French was spoken by commanders of the invading forces, who had been sent to Ireland by Henry II to conduct (allegedly) a moral mission to reform the Irish. The King had been authorized to do so by the only English Pope, Nicholas Breakspear, who had taken the name Hadrian IV.

In England, Norman-French was used for diplomatic correspondence up to the reign of Henry IV (1399-1413). In Ireland, use of this language declined much earlier, from the beginning of the fourteenth century, but not before it had contributed a number of words to the lexicon of Irish (for example, dinnéar from Norman-French diner, buidéal from botel, and so forth).

English continued in use, but such was the power of the Irish language that the authorities in England began to worry about the resurgence of Irish culture and linguistic influence. The authorities were especially concerned about this resurgence in that part of the country, to the north and south of Dublin, which came to be known as The Pale (I think more clarity in how the Pale is defined). To counteract this trend, a son of Edward III, Lionel, Duke of Clarence was sent over to preside at an assembly in Kilkenny. This parliament issued the famous "Statute of Kilkenny", written in Norman-French (more as a gesture, than as an indication that Norman-French was still generally understood). This document prohibited the ruling class and their retainers from becoming more Irish than the Irish themselves. It was directed at the settlers. Hurling was banned, as was entertainment of Irish minstrels, and other notably Irish pastimes. For us, the main interest is the ban it placed on the use of the Irish language and on the adoption of Irish names by the English. People breaking this rule would have their lands and property seized. This would not be returned until the "culprits" had relearned English.

This statute was ineffectual, and the Irish language continued to make inroads into the Pale. Change only came about with the adoption of a new scheme for governing and administering Ireland - the Plantations which took effect from 1549 onwards. This resulted in speakers of English being "planted" at various places far beyond the Pale. The immediate effect was that for the first time Irish people away from the main population-centres, especially Dublin, had to face and mix with users of the English Language. Those who employed them spoke English, and they had consequently to learn English, just to receive instructions. Where the rules of the Statute of Kilkenny failed, sheer practicality ensured the eventual success of the English Language in Ireland.

The English language benefited from the symbolical prestige attached to its being used by the people who had the power. In addition, Irish people began to emigrate to England in greater and greater numbers from the end of the sixteenth century. They had to learn English as quickly as possible. Understandably, they had to learn it through the lexicon, grammar, and syntax, pronunciation, and idiom of their vernacular language, Irish, which is substantially different from English - for example, in its verbal forms, which have no equivalent of "have" in English, and in its prepositional range. Thus an Irish person then, and now, may say "He’s been dead with years", corresponding to British English "He has been dead for years", with the Irish preposition "le" (=with) being translated and incorporated into the English sentence, making it typically Hiberno-English.

Use of the English language became further established from the late seventeenth century in Ireland. The Penal Laws from (1695) ensured that Irish people were denied formal education, and the informal education provided by the Hedge Schools played its part in the formation of modern Hiberno-English. English continued to flourish here throughout the eighteenth century. The great Seminary at Maynooth was established in 1795. Priests graduating from this college addressed their congregations in English whenever they could. From the 1780’s the Penal Laws had been eased, thus helping to eradicate the polarization, on political and religious lines, of those who spoke English and those who spoke Irish.

From the beginning of the nineteenth century the rise of English was unstoppable. The Act for the Legislative Union of Ireland with Great Britain (1800) strengthened the need for aspiring politicians to learn and use English efficiently for putting the Irish case in Westminister. When they came back to Ireland to address their own people they spoke in English and further enhanced its prestige. Many other events helped this process. A system of Primary Education was introduced in 1831, and the medium for instruction was English. Children were punished for using the Irish Language.

A decade later, the Famine had a catastrophic effect on the poorest, Irish-speaking members of the population. Since then, in spite of efforts of The Gaelic League and many Government enactments in education - in spite, too, of the brilliant work of many writers in Irish - the position of the Irish language has become weaker and weaker. However, it also has another life, so to speak, in Hiberno-English, as instanced already with the example of "He’s been dead with years".

Much of the literary effect of Anglo-Irish literature depends on the author's use of Hiberno-English vocabulary, idiom and sentence-structure. From the earliest usages in the fourteenth-century "Kildare Poems" to the great nineteenth and twentieth century writers, George Bernard Shaw, Sean O'Casey, John Millington Synge, and of course James Joyce and Samuel Beckett, and on to the most recent, Edna O'Brien, Roddy Dolye, Seamus Heaney, Jamie O'Neill, Maeve Binchey, Tom Paulin and Gerard Stembridge, to name just a few. Hiberno-English provides the linguistic resources which identify their culture as Irish.

Hiberno-English is a singularly rich member of the family of Englishes and owes much of its vivacity and inventiveness to the underlying influence of the Irish Language and also to the turbulent history of the Irish and the English.

A | a | a chara, a chora | a-zoo | ABCs | abhaile | abhainnín | ábhairín | ábhar | able | aboo | above | abroad | acaointeach | ach, och | achasán | achree | acre, Irish acre | acushla (machree), acoolsha | ádh | adharcáilí | adhastar | admharaige | aerach | aeraíocht | afeard, afeerd | after | again, agin | age | aghaidh-fidil, i-fiddle, eye fiddle, haighfidil, highfidil, high fidil | agrá, agradh, agraw, a ghrá | agraw macree | agrawgill | aguisín | ahaskey | ahaygar | ahint | ahorra machree | aibhleog(a) | aidhe | áiféiseach | ail | aililliú | áilleán, awlawn | ailp | ailpeen, alpeen | ailt, alt | aimsir | aingeal coimhdeachta | áinleog | ainmhian | ainnis | ainniseoir | airde | aireacaí | airgead luachra | airgead síos | airlocked | airneal | airneán, arnaun | airt, art | airy | áisiúil | aisling | aiteann | aiteann gaedhealach | aithris | ál | alanna | allaíre | alp | alpeen | altogether | amadán, amadaun, omadhaun, ommadhawn | amás | ambasa | amhrán | amlóg, amalóg | amn't | amplush | amshagh, amshugh, amsha | amú | an | anam | and | andána | Andrew Martins, Andramartins, Anthramartins, anco martins | anear | aneen | anent | Angelus | angishore | another | anró | anseo | anskeen | anuas | any more | aoileach | arán | áras, arús | arcán, arcawn | ard | ardfheis | ardnósach | arís, arish, areesh | arm | arnaun | aroo, arú, airiú | aroon | arrah, arra, ara, arú | article | Árus (an Uachtaráin) | asachán | asal | ascaill | Ascendancy | asclán | aself | ask | ass's gallop | ass's roar | asser | assogue | asthore | at | at all | áthasach | athout, adout | attercop, attercap | attorney, turney | aumlach | avick, avick o | avillish | avoorneen | away on a hack | aweenagh | ax | aye

bac | bacach, boccach | bacán | bacán bearaigh, backawn barragh | bachall | bachlóg | bachram | back | backer | backside | bacóg | bad cess | bad feeder | badhbh chaointe | badhbh, bow bow | badóg, bodóg | baicacawn | bail | baile | baileabhair | bailiúr | báille | báini, báini | báinín, bawneen | bainne ramhar | báire leo | báire, bawra, baaree | báirneach | bairrcin, borrikeen | báisín | báite | baitín, botteen | baker | balbh | balbhán | balbriggans | balcaire | balcais | balcaiseán | ball searc | ballyhays | ballyhooly | ballyrag | Baluba | bán | Banagher | bánaí | banaí | banbh, bonnive | bang on the latch | banger | bangharda | banjax | banks, down the banks | bannock | banóg, bawnogue | banshee, bean sí | bansho | bar | bard | bardóg | barge | barmbrack, barnbrack, borreen-brack | barony | barrach | barrack | barracks | barraí, borry | barraíol | barrel | barrfhód | bas | bás | básachán | básaire | basóg, boiseog | bastable | bastún | bata agus bóthar | bata, bata-scóir | Bather-shinn, baithe | Baudran | bawn, baan | bawnogue | bawrshuck | bawways | bazz | bazzer | be | beadaí, baddhy | beal | béal | béal bocht | bealach | bean tí, beantigh | beannacht leat, bannacth leat | Béarla, barelean | bearna | bearnach | beart | bedad | beddeen | beestings | beetle | begannies | begob | begorra | begrudgers | béiceachán, baicacawn | beirtín, birtín | béitín, baiteen | bejabers | Belleek | bellows | belt | Beltane | Benediction | berlow | Bertie Bowl | besom | betimes | better | beyant | beyor, bioer | bí do thost | bia, bee | bian, beeyankinny | bibe | bicycle, bike | biddy | Biddy-boys, Biddys | BIFFO | big house | bindings | biolar | bior | biorach | bioránach | birl | birtín | biscake | bishop | bithiúnach | blaa, blah, bla | black | Black and Tans | black oil | black rabbit | black rent | blackguard, blaggard, bligeard, blagard | blackmouth | bladair, bladar | bladhmann, blyman | blain | blarney | blas | blast | bláthach | blather(come)skite, bletherumskite, blather(um)skite | blather, blither, blether | bleacht | bléan | bleb | Blessed Sacrament | bligeard | blirt | blithemeat | blithernuck | blob | blobaire, blobarán | blonog | Bloody Sunday | bloog an' 'ounds, blood and ouns | Bloomsday Messenger Bike Rally | blow-in | Bluchers | blúire | blúirín | bó | boast | boc | bocawn, beacán | bocht | bochtán | bock | bockety, bacaidí | bod an bhóthair, boda bhóthair | bodach, badhach, bodairleach, buddogh | bodachán | bodhar | bodhrán, bothrán, bowraun | bodóg | bog | bog ball | bogach | bogadh | bogán, buggaun, buggeen | bogger | boggin | bogging | bogóg, bugóg | bogtrotter | bohaun, bothán | boicín | boicléim | boinn-leac | boitíneach | boke | bolaistín | bold | bolg | bolgadán | bolgaire | bolgam, blogam | bolgán béice | bollaire | bollix, ballocks, bellax | bonafide, bonafeed | boneen, bonneen, bainbhín | bonham | bonnbhualadh, boonwolla | bonnloch | bonnock | bonnóg, bannock | bonnyboblock, bainne bó bleacht | bonnyclabber | booheeraun | book | bool | booley, boley | boolthaun | boon | bórach | bórachán | bord | boreen, bohereen, bóithrín | bosthoon, bostoon | botán | bothántaíocht | bóthar | bóthar aimhleasa | bother | bothóg | bottheen | bottom | botún | botúnach | bouchal | bowler | bowling | bowsie, bowsey | box | boxty | boy | boycott | boyo | brablach | bráca | brácálaí | brack | bracken, brack, bracked | brad(d)ach | brais | branar | braon | braon istigh | braonín | brash | brass nail | brat | bratóg | brave | breac | breall | breallaire | breard, braird, brerd | brecked | breezeheen | Breffni Men | brehon | brí | bricín | brídeog | brief | brilleáil | bring | briosclán | briotach | brobh | brocais | brock | broghais | brogue, bróg, sbrogue | bromach | brón | broo | brosna, brustna, brusna, bresna | brothall | brothallach | broughan, broghan, brohan, brawn | bru | bruach, bruagh, broch | brucheen, bruchín | brúitín | brus, bruss, briss | bruscar | brutal | buachaill | buachalán buí, boochalawn bwee, bouchaleen bwee | buadán, boo-dhawn | buaile, booley, boolie | buaileam sciath | buailim ort | buailtín, boolteen, booltheen, bowlteen | buaircín | bualadh | bualadh bas | buarán, boorawn | buckaun | buckin' | bucko | buggaun, buggeen | buí | buileam sciath | builín | buimiléar | buinne | buinneach, binnagh | buinneán | búiste, booshta | buldography | bull | bullán | bulling | bum-bee | bunce | bundún | bunóc | búrdún | burst | bush | but | butt | buttermilk | butthoon | butty

cá heck | cab, cob | cabach | cabaire | cábóg | cábún | cabús | cac | cacamas | caddy | cadge | cadráil, codrawlin' | caffler | cág | caibín | caid | caifirín | cáil | caile | cailín aimsire | cailín cumhra | cailín, colleen | cailleach na looha | cailleach, calleach, callioch, calyach | caillichín | cáim | caimiléireacht | caimín, kimmeen | caipín | cáir | caisearbhán, caisreabhán | caistín | cáithnín | cake-bread | calamán | calaphoc | call | callaire | cally, ceailí | calops | cam | camán | camóg | camogie | camshus | canatt, canatt, kanatt, kinatt, cnat | cancarach | cancrán | candle, cangyal, canyal | canon | cant | cantlach, cantalach | caoch | caochán | caoineadh | caoithiúil | caol | caolach | caolán | caonach | caor | caorán | capall, copaleen | cár | carabhat | care | carling | carn | carnaptious, curnoptious | caroline-hat | carrachan | carrageen (moss) | carraig | carrow | carry-on | cársán | cartron | castóir | cat, cat melodium, cat malodyin | catach | Catechism, Catechiz, Maynooth Catechism | cathair | cathedral | Cathedral County, the | cathú | Cats | caubeen | caudy, caddie, coddy | céad míle fáilte, cheadmilias | ceaidé | ceamachs | ceangal, coingeal | ceann | Ceann Comhairle | ceann mór | ceannaigh cluasa | ceannbhán, ceannbhán bán | ceap magaidh | cearc | ceasogue | céilí, céilidhe, cailey, caylee, ceilidhe, kailee, kailey | céirseach | ceirtlín | céis | Celtic Tiger, The | ceo | ceochán, ciochán | ceofrán, ceofránach | ceol | ceolán | cess | chainey, chainy, cheeny, cheney, chaineys, chaney, chaney-eye | champ | chancer | chapel | child, neighbour's | childer, childher | Children of Mary | chincough | chisler, chiseller | Christian | Christian Brothers | chuck chuck, chook chook | chucky | church | churching | CHV | ciall | cianóg | ciaróg, keeroge | cíb | cibeal | cideog, kiddogue | cifleog | cineálta | cingcíseach | cíoc | cíoch | cíocras | cíor | ciotán, kitthawn | ciotóg, kithogue, citeog | ciotógach | cipín | circín | círín | cis | ciseach, kisagh | ciseán | ciseánan | ciseóg | ciste | císte | citeal, kittle | ciumhais | ciúnas | clab | clab | clabach | clabár, clabber, clauber, clawber | clabhstar | clabhsúr | clabhta | Claddagh | cladhaire | clagarnach | claggy | claí | claibín cuinneoige | claíochán | cláirín | cláirins | cláirseach | clais | clamhsán | clamhsánaí | clamp | clampar | clart | clash | class | clatter | clatty | clay | cleamhnas, clownies | cleas | cleas na péiste | cleasaí | cleats, cleets, cletes | cleave, cleeve | cleek | cleg, clag | cléithín | cleithire | clem | cliabh | cliabhaire | cliabhán | clift | cliotar | clip | clitherer | clob | cloch | clochar | clochaun | clock | clocking(-hen), clacking, clocker | clogaidín | closed | cluas | cluasán | clúdóg | clúmh | clutharachán, clúracón, clooricaun lucharachán | cnáimhseáil, knauvshaul, knawvshawl | cnáimhseálaidhe, knawvshawley | cnaiste | cnámh | cnap | cnapán | cníopaire | cnoc | cnocán, cnuceen | cnuthachán | coarb | cocán | coccagee | cochall | cochallach | cock | cockles | cod | cod-actor | codaí | coddle | codger | codladh glúracáin, glúraic, glooracks | codladh grifín, currigrifeen, cora-grifín | codology | cog | cogar mogar | cogar, cogher, cugger | coicín | coigilt | coinicéar | coinleach | coinnle buí | coirceog | coireán | cois teallaigh | coiscéim | coisegán | coiseog | coisí | coisín | cóisireacht | colcannon, coolcannon, caulcannon, kalecannon, colecannon, kailkannonkabbis | collach | collation | colleen bawn | colley, colly | collogue | collop | colouring | colpán | come-all-ye | comedher, comether, come hether | comhar | comhchliamhain | comhluadar | Communion, Holy Communion | company | conablach, conalbhach | conabras | conacre | conamar | condition | confession | confessional | confirmation | connie-dodger, conny dodger | connyshure, connishur | contagious | coolaboola | coop | cooramagh | coorjeeking, cuair-deeking | copóg | coracle | corcán | corcass | corner-boy | Coróin Mhuire | corp | Corpo | corrach | corraghiob | corráinín | corránaí | corresk, corr éisc | corse | cos, kuss | cosa fuara, cosaí fuaraí, cosaí fuaraís | cosa in airde | cosher | cosnochta | costnent, cossent, costinent | cot | country | couple | courting, coortin' | couterments | cow | cowp | crá croí | crab | crabbit, crabbed, crabby | crack, craic | cradaun | crág | craiceáilte | craiceálaí, craicawly, creacáilí | cráidhte | cráin | cráintín | cráite | cráiteachán | crannán | crannóg | craobh | craobhabhar | craos | craosach | crawthumper | craythur, crayture | creabhar | creach | creachaill | creachán | creag | creagar, criogar | cream cracker, creamer | creamery | créatúr | creature | creel, kreel | creepie | creigs | criathar | crick | crios | criosóg | crit | cró | crochaire | crochán, crocháin | crock | croggery | croí an diabhail | cróilí | croiméal, croimbéal | cróinseach | croisín, crisheen, crusheen | crompán | crónán, cronauning | crook | croppy | cross | crosser | crotach | crow | cruachás | cruadhar | cruatan | crúb | crubeen, croobeen | crúcáil | crúibíní | cruiskeen, cruskeen | cruit, crot | cruiteachán | cruitín | crupper | crústáil | cruth, crot, crooth | cuach | cuaird | cuardaíocht | cuas | cuasnóg | cúb, coob | cúbóg | cuckoo | cuddy | cuib | cúilín | cuing | cuirliún | cuiseog | cúisín | culchie | Culdee | culls | cúlóg | cumann | cumar | cumas | cúnamh | cupóg | cúram | cúramach | curate | curcaí | cure | currach | Curragh | curse | Cushmawaunee | cut-along | cutaidh | cute, cute hoor | cúthail, cúthalach | cutter | cutting | cutty

d'anam 'an Diabhal, thanum-on-dioul | daff | dagging | Dáil | dailc | dalk | dalkey | dall | dallachán | dallamullóg | dallapookeen | daller mallog | dallóg | dalta | daltheen | damhán alla | dander | daol | dardaol | dark, dorchas | DART | Dart Accent | dathúil | daw | dea-chroí | dead-house | deadly | dealing | deannach | Dear, deer | dearg | death | death notice | Debs | decade | Decies, The | deck | deifir | deisigh! | dekko | delay | delph, delf | demesne | deoch an dorais, duck and your duty | deoir | deoirín | deoraí | destroy | devil a haet | Devil's Buttermilk | devil's needle | devil, divil | devotions | dhera | dhoodeen, doodeen, dúidín | Dia | Dia linn | diabhal | dícheall | differ | dílis | dillisk, duileasc, duilisc, sea-grass | Dimond | dinge | dioc | dip pen | dirab | dirt-bird | dispensary | disremember | ditch | diúcán | divide | dlaoi | do | dobhrán | dobrón | dock(-leaf) | dog | dóib buí | doicheall | doirnín | dóiteán | dol | dollacalling | domhnach | domlas | donán | donas | done | donny, dawny, dawnie, donsy | donnybrook | doodeen | dooley | doras | dorn | dórnán | dornóg | dorr | dosser | dote, doaty, dotey | dottle | Double X | down | doxy | drabhsóg | dráchaí | dradaire | draid | dramhaíl | drantán | drass | draw | drawk | dreep | dreigh, dreegh, dreech | dreoilín | dreolán | dress | dríodar | driseog | drisheen | driuch | driving turkeys | drochmheas | droll | dromach | dromán, dromon | dronn | dropeen | drouth, dhrouth | drúcht, drught | druchtín | Drum | dubh | Dublin Three and a Half | Dubs, The | dúchán, dubhachán | dúchán, dubhachán | dúchas | dúdaire | dudeen, dudheen, dhudeen, dúidín | dúdóg | duileasc | dúiric | dul amú, dullamoo | dull | dulse | dunduckity, dunducketty | dúr | dúramán | duskiss | dúthracht | dúthrachtach

e | e'er | ea | éadan | eagla | éan | earc luachra | earnest | earrach | eascaine | eascú | easnamh | easóg | Easter Duty | eccer, ekker | eejit, ejit, eedgit, eegut, eedjiiot | een | egg-bag | eggler | eidhneán | éillín faobhair | éinín | eireaball | Éireannach | éirí in airde | Éirinn | éist! | elder | elected | elegant | elevenmonth | end | entirely | equal | er | Erin go bragh, Éire go bragh | errish | esker | evening, tráthnóna | ever | exposition

face | fada | fadálach | fadbhán | fadge | fadharcán | fadó | faggot | faibrí | faic | fáideog | fail | failed | faill | fainic | fáinne | fáinnín | Fair City, The | fairchín | faircsin | faire | fairy fort | faith | faix, faikins | fál | falcaire | falla | fallaing | fámaire | Famine, Great Famine | famished | famous | fánach | fánadóir | fann | fanntais | faobhar | faoileán | faoiseamh | faopach | faraor | fardel, fardele | fardoras | farl | Farney Men, The | fásach | fash | fast | fathach | FCA | feac | fead | feadaíl | feadair | feadán | feadhain | feadóg | feaking | feall | feallaire | féar | féar gortach, forgortha, hungry grass | fear siúil | fear, man of the house | fearann | fearg | feargach | féasóg | feast day | feck | fecker | feileastram | féin | feirc | féirín, féireann, fairin' | feis | Fenian | feochadán | fiacail, fiacal | fial | fialtrach | Fianna Fáil | fierce | figary, figairy, fegary | Fighting Cocks, The | file | filloon | Findlater\'s Church | fine | Fine Gael | fiolún | fionnán | fiorin | fir, Fir Bolg | fire | firín | fírinne | First Firdays | fit | fit-up | fiú | flaff | flah | flaitheas | flaithiúil | flaithiúlach, flahoolagh | fleá | flesher | fligat | flipe | flitter | fliuch | flooster | flúirse | flummery | flush | flute around | fluthered | flying | fód | fóidín mearaí | folachán | folly | folt | fooder | fooster, foosther, fústar | foosty, fusty | foot | football | footing | for to | forbye | form | formad | fornent, forenent, fornenst, forenenst | Forty Hours | fostúch | fothain | fothrach | fothram | founder | fox | francach | fraoch | fraughan, fraochán | Free State | fret | friend | frigging | frock | from | fruit | fuachtán | fuadar | fuairneach | fuairnéalach | fuar | fuarán | fuath | fuílleach, fuíollach | fuinneóg | fuist | furze | futa fata

GAA | gab, geab | gabha | gabháil, gawl, gwall | gabhairín reo | gabhal-luachair | gabhar | gabhlán | gabhlóg, gowlogue, gollog | gad | gadaí | gadaidhe | gadrach | Gaelic | Gaeltacht | gaff | gaffer | gág | gáilleog | gairbhin | gairdín | gáirleog | gaisce | gaiscí | gait (of going) | gal | galamaisíocht | gale-day | gallagh-gunley | gallán | gallery | gallivanting | galloglass, galloglas, gallinglass | gallon | gallus, gallous | galluses | galoot, gilloot | galore, go leor, galorybit | galún, galúinín | gam, gom | gámaí | gámaidhe | gamal | gamalóg | game-ball | gammock | gammon | gandal | gansey | gant | garda | Garda Síochána | garden | Garden County, The | gargle | garlach | Garland Sunday | garron | garsoon, gorsoon, garsún, gassoon, gossoon | gart | gas | gasúr, gassir, gossure, gosawer | gat | gauger | gaum | gausterer | gawk | gawp | gazebo, gizaybo | gé | geabach | geabaire | gead | geáitse | gealach | gealán | gealgháiriteach, gealgháireach | gealtaire | geámaí | geamaireacht | geanc | geancach | geancánach | geansaí | geantraí | gearán | gearrán | gearrcach | gearrchaile | gearróg | geasa | geck | gee | geek | geidimín | géillín | geit | gentle | gentle folk, gentle people | gentrice | gentry | geocach | geocán | geois | geonaíl | geosadán | gern, girn | get, git | ghlún | ghrá thú | gibiris | giblets | gick, gicknaw | giddhom | gig | gildi | gillery | giob | giob geab | giobach | giobal | giobalach | giobstaire | giodam | giodam | giodamán | gíog | gíogs ná míogs | giolcach | gioscaire | giota | girg | girseach | gistra | giúirléidí, guirléidí | give | give out | gladar box | glafaire | glaic | glaise | glám, glaum | glamaire | glár, glaur | glare | glass | glaur | gleanntán | gléigeal | Glens Men, The | gleo | gleoisín | glib | glic | gligín, gligeen | glimmer-man | glincín | gliog | gliogaire | gliogar, glugger, gliug-ar | gliomach | gliondar | gliondrach | gliúcach | glór | glúin | glúiníneach | gneeve | go | go bhfóire Dia orainn! | go brónach | go-be-the-wall | go-boy | go-car | gob | gob-music | gobadán | gobaire | Gobán saor | gobán, guban, gub | gobdaw | goblach | gobshite | God | gog | gogaide | gogail | gogaille | gogaireacht | góilín | goirtín, gurteen | goisleach | goldar | gom, gaum | gombeen(-man), gambanman | gomerel, gomeral, gomeril, gommeril | gonc, gunk | goo | goodie | goody | googeen | googie | goose-seam | goosheen | gorb | Gorey | Gorseejack, Gorseyjack | Gorta | gortach | gortóg | gossip | goster, gasther, gauster | gouger | gowk | gowldie | grá Dé | grá geal | grá mo chroí | grá, grádh | grabach | grabaire | grabhar móna | gradam | grafán | grágach | grágaíl | gráinneog | gráinseachán | graip | graith, greth, grath | gramaisc | grámhar | grán tonnóige | grand | grass-nail | grástúil | grawls, grilses | grawn | greadadh chugat | greas | great | greet | grig, greg | gríosach, greesach, greesh, greeshy | gripe | griskin, greeskeen, gríscín | grisset | grog, grug | groodles | groop | growler | gruagach | gruamachán | grush | guaigín | guaire | gual | Guards | gudget | guggering | guilpín | guipure | guldar | gullion | gur, gur-cake | gurrie, gurrie, gurrie | gurrier | gurtóg | guth | gutters | guttery | gutty | guzzle

habit | haet | haggard, haggart | haghas | haí | haitch | hake | half | hallion | hames | hanam an Diabhal | handsel, hansel | handy | hap | harm | harrish, harish | hash | hat | hata | hata cogaidh | hatch | hate | | have | haverel | hay cearc | hay muck | haymanger | hazard | head-the-ball | headstall | heap, up in a heap | hear | Heather County, the | heave-off | heavy on the loafers [casual shoes] | hedge-school | heel of the hunt | henting, hinting, henteen | Herring-chokers, the | herself | hesp | Hiberno-English | Hill Sunday, Bilberry Sunday, Garland Sunday, Garlic Sunday | himself | hind | hob | hob ná hae | hoigh | hoise | hokey | holy day of obligation | Holy Hour | holy show | holy water | home | hoofling | hooker | hooley | hooligan, hoolivan | hoor, huer, whoor, whore | hoosh | hop-o'-my-thumb | horrid | hot | hot in your leather | hough | house | house, rounds of the house | how are you! | howanever, howandever | howeya howerya | howke, hoke | | hula hul | hunkers | hunt | hurl | hurley | hurling | hurrish, hurris, hurais, huirs, hois, huis

iarlais | idin | idir | ignorant | ill | ín | in it, ann | inagh | inch, inse | indulgence | Industrial School | inis | innocent | insense | inside | Intermediate Certificate | íochtar | iomrall | Íosa | Irish | Irish Mile | Irish Sweepstakes, Sweep, the | is | is ea, 's ea | it is, it was | itself, atself

jackeen | Jacobs! | jag | Janey Mac | janglers | jant | japs, joups | jar | jarler | jarvey | jaunting-car | Jayzus, Jaysus | Jew-man | jig | John Charles | jorum, deorum | jouk | jowlster | just

kacks, kaks | keeler, cíléir, ciléar | keen | kern | kesh, cesh | kib | kibe | kiddier, kidger | kill | kilt (kill) | kind | Kingdom, The | kink | kip-house | kippeen, kippen | kish | kitchen | knacker | Knackeragua | knackered | Knock | knug | Kopjeses | Kossicks |

lá, tiocfaidh ár lá | lab | lábán | lace | lách | lachtar, lachter, lafter, lauchater, lartar (Tyrone), lochter (Scots) | lack lee | lackery | lad | ladar | ladaranach | ladhar, lyre | ladhróg | lady of the house | lághach | laí | laidhricín, ladhraicín | laincis | laingeal | laithreán | láithreán | Lake County, The | lambaste | lámhacán | lamp | lamps | lán | lang | langable, languable, land-gavel | langer | langered, langers | lao | lapa, laipín, lapeen, lop | lapadáil | lár | larrup | lash | lasher | lashings | lasóg, lassogue | lasóg, lossogue | latchiko | latter | lauchy, laughy | lauchy, laughy | laughing potatoes | launa-vaula, launawaula, lán an mhála | lazy-beds | leaba | leac | leaca | leadaí | leadaí na luaithe | leadar | leadhb | leadóg | leadránach, ladránach | leamh | leanbh | leanbh mo chroi | lear | learn | léas | leath | leathar | leathbhuachaill | leathóinseach | leave | leck | lee-a-roady | leg, get the leg over | Legion of Mary | leibide | leicneach | leisce | leite | leithscéal | leochaileach | leor | lep | leprechaun, leipreachán | let | let on | líbín | lick-the-statues | lief, liefer | lig do scíth | like | Lillibullero (bullen-a-la), Lilliburlero | lilt | Lilywhites, The | líob | liobar, Lubbernabohore | liobarnach | lioscán | lisín | liú, liúigh | liúdaí | liúdar | liúdramán, looderamawn, loodheramawn, lúdramán, luderman | liúigh | loaning | lob | lobin' | loch | lochán | lochtán | lock | locked | log | logán | loigín | lóipín | lon dubh | lone | long | long acre | lookit | lopeens | lorgán, lorgadán | losset, losad | Lourdes | louser | low shoes | loy, láí, lay | luachair gabhair | luachra | luaithreamhán | LUAS | luascadh | luascán | lúb | lúb ar lár | lúbaire | lúbán | luck-penny | lude | lúdramán | lug | lugbinder | lúibín | lúidaí | lúidín | luigín | luíochán | lumper | lúrapóg larapóg | lurch | lus na fola | lushery | luthargán | lynching

m'anam 'on Diabhal | m'anam do Dhia is do Mhuire | mac, mack, mackavicks | macalla | macha | máchail | machree | macushla | mad | mada, madra | made up | magabraw | Magdalen Laundry | maggot | maide | maide briste | maide ceangail | maidin geal | maidrín lathaí | maig | maighdean | máilín | máilín sáithte | máinléad, máilléad | maintainer | mairtíneach | maiste, ambaiste | maistín | maith go leor, mongalore; mau-galore, magalore | make strange | mála | mala | malavogue | mallafoosther, mollafoosdar | malt, ball of malt | mam, mammy | mám, maum | mamailíneach | man | Man Above | man-eater, man-keeper | mangaire | manly | mannerly | manners | mant | mantach | mantachán | mantóg | maoilín | maoineach | maol, meel | maolaí, meely, meeleen | marbhán | marbhan | marbhánach | marbhfháisc | marbhna | marcach | mare | margadh mór | mark | markins | markins | márla, mála | maryah, moryah, mauryah, maryeah, moya | más é do thoil é | masher | masla | masmas | masmasach | Mass | Mass rock | massive | master | matalóg | match-maker | mavourneen, muirnín | mavrone | mé féiner | meadar, maddor, medher | méagram, méigrim, meadhran | mealbhóg | meallaire | méar | méaracán | mearing | méaróg | mearúl, mearbhall | meas, mass, Is mise le meas | meat | meathán | meathlóir | medal, Miraculous Medal | medical hall | meidhreach, mogolyeen-mire | meigeall | meigeallach | méirín | méirscre | meisce | meisceoir | meitheal, mihul, mechil | melodeon | melt | merciful hour | mess | messages | messer | metherin' | mhic ó | mhuise | mí-ádh, meeaw, miaw | mí-rath | mian | mianach | mias | mickey | mickey dazzler | mickey dodger | midden | middling | Midlanders, The | midlín, middhilin, miodailín | mighty | míle murder, meela murder, meila murder, míle murdal | mill | milleán | milseán, misleán | min | mín | mind | mingin' | mingy | minute | míog | míogarnach | míol | míolach | mionnán, meannán | mionnán-aerach, minaun aerach | miotóg | miscaun, mesgan, mescaun, miscin, maskin | mise | misfortunate | mismín | misneach | mission | mitch, mich | mo | mo chac ort | mo léir | Model County, The | mogall | mogóir | moidered | moiley(cow), mail, maileen, moileen, moulleen, mooley | móinéar | moing | móinteán | Moleskins | momento | monabhar | moneen, móinín | mónóg | monstrance | month's mind | Monto | mooch | moose | mópán | mopsy | mór | mór uaisleacht | mórálach | mórdháil | morode | mortaller | mórtas | mórtasach | mot | mothall | mothar | mouldy | mountainy | Mourne Men, The | mouth | mouth music, dowdelling | moxy, moxie | muc, on the pig's back | múchadh | mugadán | muic-iris | muileann | muin | muinéal | mullach | mullán | mullock | mulvather | múnlach | munya, munia | Murcha | Murchadh, Morrogh | murder | muríneach | murlach | musha, muise, mhuise, maise | musicianer | mustar | mustrach | mútálaí | mútóg

ná boc lies, nabocklesh, nawbocklish | naavo | nádúr | nádúrach | naggin, noggin | naggy | naimhdeach | naíonán | náire | namplush | naomh | naomhóg | naosc | naprún | nasc | National School | National University of Ireland | neamhní | neamhspleách | neantóg | near | neb | nebby | Nelly | neomp | newance | níl focal bréige agam | nimh | no | nocht | nóiméad, fan nóiméad | nóimitín | nóiníní | Nollaig | noodenaddy | nor | not alone | nough | novena | nuaíocht

ó | o | O'Donnell County, The | O'Farrell County, The | O'Moore County, The | O'Neill County, The | Oakleaf County, The | ócáid | och | ochón, ochone | odd time | odious, ojus | of | offerings | office men | óg | ógaí | ógánach | ogham, macoghamade | oíche | óige | oigheann | oighear | oighreach | óinseach, oanshagh, ownshook, oonshugh | óinseachán | óinsín | Oireachtas | ól, olta | olagón, ullagone | Old Time | old-fashioned | on | one and one, wan and wan | only | ór | orange | Orchard County, The | Order | orlach | ould | ould wan | ouns | out | outnarawka | oven | over-right | owe | owze | oxo | oxter, oxther, ockster

pad | Paddhereen Partaugh | Paddhereen, Padhren, Padareen, Paddhereen | Paddy's Day | padhsán | páideog | Páidín | paidrín | páinteach | páirc | pairceen | páiste | páistín | pait | páit | Pale | paltóg, pollthogue, polthogue | pampootie | pan | panada | panaí | pandy, peaindí | pannacar | pannikin | pardóg | Parliament | parliamentary side of your ass, sit down on the | parlour | parochial house | paróiste | pasáil | pass | passremarkable | patachán | pataire | patalóg | pattern, patron | pawky | pawreens | paws | pay | peaca | péacach | peallóg, pealltóg | peann | péas | peasewisp, peasewusp, pays-wisp | peata, pata, patta | peatachán | pechenante | ped | pee, pee, pee | peeler, paler | peenge | peg | Peggy's leg | pegh | peil, caid | péisteog | peloothered | penance | penitent | pervert | pet day | phoney | piachán, píochán | piarda | piast, péist | piatees, piaties | pickey | piece, cut | pieceen | pigeon | piggin | pike | pilip, pilibín | piliúr | pillibeen | pillibeen, pilibín, plibín, philip-a-week | pillín, pilliún | pin | pincín, pinkeen | pingin | pint of plain | píobán | piollárdaí | Pioneer | píopa | píosa croise | pis mhionnáin | piscín | piseogaí | pishogue, piseog, pishrogue | pishoguery | pislín, prislín | pismire | piss | piss-a-bed, pishabed | piteog | plab | placa | plaic | plait | plaiting | plámás, plaumause | plámásaí | plámásaidhe | plantation, planter | planxty | plásaí, plausey, plausy | plásaidhe | pléaráca | pleibiste | pléicín | pleidhce | plispín | plobaire | plodán | plodar, pludar | ploid, pluda | pluc, ploc, ploic, pluic | plucamas | plúch | plúchadh | plúchadh | pludach | plúirín | plúr | poc | pocáil | pocán, pochán | póg, poage | poicín | point | póirín | póirseáil | poitín, poteen, potheen, potkeen | poke | pokerarse | pole in the hole | poll | pollán | pollóg | polthogue | ponc | poncán, poncánach | ponger, ponny | pooch | pooch-bed | pookaun, púcán | pookey-bonnet | pooley, pooly | poor mouth, mouth | poor-house | pooren / púirín | poppies | pór | porringer | port | porter | porterhouse | pósadh | poss | post | pótaire | potheens | pottle | pounder | power | PP | prácás | práibín | praiseach bhuí | praiseach, prashagh | práta, pitatie, piatee, pratie, phatie | prawshkeen, prauskeen, praushkeen, práiscín | preab | préachán, pechaun | Premier County, The | prepositions | Presbyterian | press | priest | priesteen | prioc | priocaire | prislín | Pro | prochóg | profession | prog, Progaí | progaidh | proimpín | protestant | púca na sméara | púca pile | púca pile | púca, pooka | pucán, puckawn | puce | puck | pucker | púcóg | púdar | puderance | púic | púicín | puililiú | puisín, puseen, pusheen | puiteach | puithín | púka, pooka, phoca, phoucawn, pookha | punch | punt | purchase-house | purtee | pus, puss | pusach | pusachán | pusaidheacht | pusáiling | pusaíocht | pusaire | put | puth | putóg

quaids quades | Quarant' Ore | quare hawk | quare one | queer, quare | quench, quinch | quenched | quicken | quilt | quit

rábaire | rabhan | rabhcán, rócán | rabhchán | ráca | racaid | rachmas | rack | ragaire | ragairne | ragairneálaí | ráib | raic | raideog | raidhse | raidhse | ráig | ráiméis, rawmaish, raumaish | raispín | ráithe | ráithín | raithneach, Mary's Fern | rake | raker, racker | rambling | rámhaille | rámhainn | ránaí, ránaidhe | rann | rapid | rapparee | rasher | rasp | rath | ráth, ráith | RDS | read | Reading Made Easy, Raidin'-Made-Aisy | reamhar | reathaí | Rebels, the | red bog | red neck | redd | reddener | reek | reel | reel-footed | reics, rex | réidh | reilg | réiteoir | réleaba | relic | relict | removal | renegue | rere | resetter | residenter, residenther | retreat | rí | RIA | riabhach | riabhóg | riasc | ribe | ricil | Ridge County, the | rife, riff | rigger | righneálaí | rightify | rince | rince fada | ring-paper woman | riobal | riosc | rip | rírá | rise | RM | rógaire | roilleach | room | rosary | Rosary beads, beads | Rosary rose | rossey, rossie | rothail | rothán | roughness | rounds | Royal County, the | RTE | rua | rua piast | ruadog | ruaig | ruaille, roolyeh | ruaille-buaille | ruathaire (práta) | ruathar | rub | rúcach | ruction | rúisc | rúitín | rún | runner | runners | runt | rúóg | rut | rútáil | ruth ruth, rith rith

sagart, saggarth, soggart | saileog | saim | sáimhín só | sáiteán | sáith | salach | salachar | sally | sally-come-down-the-river | sambo | sámh | samhadh | Samhain | samhaircín | sámhán, sauvaun | samlach | sanatorium | saoi | saoiste | Saorstát Éireann, soretost | saothar | saothrach | sásamh | Sassenagh, Sassanagh, Sassenagh, sass her nach | sásta | savage | says, sez | SC | sca, ska | scadán | scafaire | scailp, scalp, scolp, scalpeen | scailtín, scawlteen, scaultheen | scaird | scairt | scald, scaldy | scalded | scalder | scaldered | scalladh croí | scallion | Scallion Eaters, the | scalltán | scanger, skanger | scanradh | scaothaire | scapular | scaresome | scarting | scáth | scáthán | scáthlán, scallan | scauls | sceabha | sceabhach | sceach gheal | sceach, skeoch | sceachóir, skhehoshies | sceadóg | scéal | sceala | scealbóg | sceall | sceallán, sciollán, skillaun | scealp | sceartán, sciortán, sceortán, schirtaun | Sceilg's List | sceilmis | sceilp | sceon | scheme | scholard, scollard | scholars | scian, skean, skene | sciathán | sciathán leathair | sciathóg | scib | scibber | sciggl | scileach | scilléad | sciob, skib | sciodar | sciollóg | sciotaire | scíth | sciúrd | scléip | scobe | scobs | scodalach | scoil | scoilt | scoilteán | scóipéalach | scoláire | scollop, scolb, scalab, scallop, scallop, scalp, scailp, spar | scológ | sconsa | scoot, scout | scoraíocht | scorán | scornach | scourer | scráib, scráb, scrawb, scraub | scráideog | scráidín, scrawdeen | scraiste | scraith | scraith bhogáin | scraitheog | scran | scrat | scratcher | scrathóg | scraw | screab | scréach | scread | screadal | screamh | screan | screatall | screed, scríd | scringe | scríob | scrios | scroblach | scrogall | scrooch | scroodge, scrouge | scruta, scrut | scuaibín, skoobeen | scud | scundered | scunner, scunder | scut | scutter | scuttered | scutty | sea | seach, shough, shaugh | seachain | seachrán, shaughraun, shockrawn, seacharán | seachtain | Seachtain na Cásca | seadhgosa, segosha, segasha | seafóid | seal | seam | seamaide | seamair | seamhnán | sean | Seán Buí | sean-cheirteach | sean-nós | Seanad Éireann | séanas | seanbhean | Seanbhean Bhocht, Shan Van Vock, Shan Van Vok | seanchaí, shanachee | seanchas, seanchus | seandraoi | seanduine | seangán | seanpholl | searbh | searbhán | searbhas | searbhasach | searbhóg | searc | seas | seasc | seascair | secondary top | segocia, skeowsha, segotia | seibineach | seileog | seilide búrc, shellika pooka, shillig-a-booka | seilmide | seisc | seisreach | self | senator | seo-hin-seo-heo | seoch | seoithín seothó | seordán | serve | server | set | settle(-bed) | sevendable, savendible, sevendible | shaffoige | shag, shagging | shall | sham | shamrock | shanagh | shandrydan | Shannonsiders, The | shanty | shape | shaping | sharn | shaver | shawlie | shebeen, shibin, síbín | Sheepstealers, The | Shelta | shenanigans, shinannickin' | sheugh, seoch, shugh | shibby | shift | shillelagh | shindig | shite | shoggie, shugge, shuggy, shoogie | shoggle, shuggle | shoneen, seoinín | shook | shore | Short Grass County, The | show | shraft | sí gaoithe, shee-geeha | siamsa | síán, sheean, sheeaun | sickner | sidecar | sidelong | sight | Síle | síle an phortaigh | síle-na-gig | silenced priest | silteach | sin | sin | sin é | sin é an saol | sin scéal eile | sin sin | single | Single X | Sinn Féin, shinners | Sinn-féiner | sioc | siocán | síofra | síofrach | síóg | síóg, sheogue | síógach | siogairlín | siogan | síol | síomáinaín | síománach | síománaíocht | sionnach | siopa | siota | siúlóir | skeet, skeat | skeideen | skelly, skilly | skelp | sketch | skew-ways, skow-ways | skewbald | skillet | skinnymalink | skite | skitter | skiver | slabrachán | slacht | slachtmhar, slachtar | slag | slaidín, sloidín, slúidín | sláimín, slaimín | sláinte | slám | slamaire | slámóg | slán | slane, sleán | slang, sling | slapaire | slat, slaitín tomhais | sleá | sléacht | sleamhain | sleamhnán | sleamhnánach | sleveen, sleeveen, slíbhín | slew | slewsthering | sliabh | slibire | slinge | sliodarnach | slíomadóir | sliotar, slitther | slip | slipe | slippy as a bottle | sliseog | slither | slob | Slob | slogaire | slogan | slogtha | slua | sluasaid | slug, slog | slugabed | sluther, sloother | smacht | smachtín | smahan | smailc | small | smaois | smashing | smathers | smeach | smeachán | smeadar | sméara dubha | smeg | smidgeon | smidirín | smig | smior | smitheán | smithereens, smidiríní | smithering | smólach | smoor | smug | smuga | smugachán | smugarlach | smuilceachán | smuish | smúr | smúrabhán | smush | smut | smután | snab | snabóg | snag | snag-man | snaidhm | snaidhm na péiste | snáithín | snaois | snap-apple | snas, snoss | snasta | snáth | sneachta | sned, snead | snig | sniggle | sniog | sniogadh | sniving | snotting | snug | so | so long | sobal | socair | soccer | Society of St Vincent de Paul | socks, give socks | sodality | sodar | soft | solas | something like | sonas | sonasach | sonse | sonsy | sonuachar, sunoohar, sonohur | sooleens, súiliní | soother | sootherer | sop | sor | sorra, sorrow, sorrel | sot | souper, blackmouth, esoupcans | sowens, sowans, sowins | sowkans, sowkins | spadach | spades | spág, spawg | spairt | spalpeen, spailpín, spawlpeen | spancel | spang | spang | sparán | spatters | speach, spagh | speailín | spideog, spideogue | spin | spíon | spíonán | Spire, The | spit | splanc | spock | spodar | spoiled priest | spoke | sponc, spunk | spondulicks, spondulix, spondulics | spré | spreasán, sprizaun | spuds | spunk | spútrach | Spy-Wednesday | squireen | squoze | sram | sramach | srán | sraoill | srathair, strar | srathair-fhada | srón | St Stephen's Day | stag | stagger | staic | stail | stailc | stailín | stalctha | standard | standing | stare | staróg | starrfhiacail | starving | station | Stations | status | steall, streall | steeler, steely | steps-of-stairs | steveen | steven | stickie | stim | stirabout | stíuicín | stiver | stives | stocious | stock | stóilín | Stone-Throwers, The | stook | stooleen | stoor | Stop! | stór | strácáil (ing) | strácálaí | straddle | straddy | strand | straoill | straois | strap | stravague, stravaig, stravage | straw boys | streancán | streel | streelish | streelish | street, strate | stretch, | striapach, streepach | strip | stripper | strippings, strig | stroke | strollop | stronesha | Strong Farmer | stuacán, stookaun | stuaic, stook | stuggin' | stuicín | stump, stompa | stupe (verb) | sturk, stirk | suachmán | suáilceach | suaimhneasach | suan | suantraí | suarach | suarachán | subh | suck suck | súdaire | súgach | súgán, soogawn, sougawn, suggan | súil | súilíní | suim, seem | súiste | súlach | sult | sultmhar | sumahan (some-a-hawn) | súmaire | sup | sure | Swaddler | swally hole | swarra | swee-gee | swithers

t'anam an diabhal | tá | tá sé | tabhairt amach | taca | tacar | tack | tack | tackies | tackle | tad | Tadhg | Tadhg an dá thaobh | tadhlach | táilleog | táithín | taitneamh | táláid | tally-iron | tally-stick | tallyman | támáilte | tamall | Tánaiste | Tans, Black and Tans | taobhán | taobhfhód | taoibhín, theeveen | Taoiseach | taom | taoscán | tap | tarbh | tarbh bán | tare alive | tare and 'ouns, tear and 'ouns | tare and ages, tearing ages | targe | targer, targe | tart | tasty | táthaire | táthfhéithlean | tatie-howker | tatoo | tawse | tay, tea | TD | tea-drawer, tay-drawer | teach, zooteac | Teague, Taig, Teigue | teanam | teaspach, taspey, taspy | tedder | teem, taom | teetotaller | terrible | terror | th sound | thall | that | the | the day | them | there | they | thick | Third Order | thivish | thole | thran | through-other | throw shapes | thrun | tiachóg | tiarcas | tiarna, a thiarna | tick, tocht | tig | tigín | till | tilly, tuilleadh | timpeall | | tint, tent | tinteán | tionól | tipper | tippin' away | Tír na nóg | tirim | to | tobar | tober | tóchar | tocht | toice | tóin | tóin creiche | tóinín | tóir | toirtín | tóiteán | tollaire | tomhaisín, tosheen | tónóg | took wake | topney | topper | toppin, topping, tapping | toradh | tormas | tortóg, turtóg | tosac | toss school | tosser | tóstalach | townland | tradesman | traik | tráithnín | tráithnín, thrawneen, thraneen, traneen | trálach, tálach, thaulach | tram | tramp | tranglam | trasnán | tráthúil | traveller | treheens | trick | triduum | trig | trína chéile, threena-chela, threenahayla | Trinity | trinket | triopall | triopallach | triuch | trom crithe | tromluí | troth, throth | trough | trousers | true | truff | trup | truslóg | tuaiplis, túplais | tuar | tuathalach | tuathalán | tubaiste | tufaire | tuig | tuigeann tú? | tuirne | tuirse | tuisle | tuitimeas | tulach | tulcais | tumbling-jack | tundish | turas | turdán, tordán | turn | tuth | Twenty-Six Counties | twig

uachtar | uafásach | uaibhreach | uaigh | uaigneach | uaigneas | uaill | ualach | uallóg | uamhan Dé | uan | uililiú | uillean pipes | úirín | uisce faoi thalamh | ulchabhán | ullamh | umar | unbeknownst | under-board, untherboord | unionist | up in Lizzie's room | útamáil | útamálaí

VDP | veins | venters | vessels | vex | vocation | voteen, votcheen; vokeen

wain, wean | wake | wake games | wall-falling | wall-wagger | wan | wanst | want | watch | wax | waxy | way | wear, wearing | weather | wee | Wee County, the | weeny | weeshy, weeshie | well | wersh, wairsh, warsh | west | West Briton, West Brit, welshtbreton | wet (the tea) | wettin' rain | What about you? | wheen | whelm | when | whether | which? | whileen | whin | whinge | Whippins and Lashins | whipster | whiskey | whist, whisht | White Scourge | Whiteboys | whitteret, whitrack, whutrick | who | who-began-it | whole | | widdy | wide | widow-woman | Wild | Wild Rose County, the | will | wing | wingall, windgall | winkers | wirra, wurra | wirrasthru, wirrasthroo, wurrasthroo, wierasthru | wish | wisha | with | with that | without | woeful | wolf | wolfworm | woodquest | worrit | would | wracker, racker | wren, wran | wurrum

-

Yeats, Yeat's, or Yeats's County, The | yeer | Yellow Bellies, The | yeos | yerra, erra | yes | yoke | Yola, Yole, Yolaw | you | you sir | young one | your man | yous, ye, yees, yeez, youses, yis, yiz

-

Hooligan (W3)

...
Etymologie des Begriffes

Der Begriff "Hooligan" geht angeblich auf eine irische Familie namens "O‘Hoolihan" zurück, die sich im 19. Jahrhundert vor allem wegen heftiger Prügeleien einen derart üblen Ruf erworben hatte, dass sie später sogar in einem Trinklied besungen wurde.

Nach einer anderen Theorie geht die Bezeichnung auf den Iren "Patrick Hooligan" zurück, der 1898 in London in einem Polizei-Bericht als Randalierer und Anführer einer Jugendbande auftaucht. Das Wort entstammt sonach dem Londoner Polizeijargon und ist zurückzuführen auf den Bandenführer mit dem Spitznamen "Hooley", der die Bevölkerung des Londoner Stadtteiles Islington geraume Zeit terrorisierte.

Das Wort "hooley" stammt aus dem Irischen und bedeutet "wild".

In der deutschen Sprache soll das Wort "Hooligan" erstmalig 1906 von Arthur Pfungst verwendet worden sein.
...

Irland

klammeraffe - Irischkurs

• car, carrousel, chariot, carpenter, cart, cartwright (English)
• carro, carrocería, carroza, carruaje, carril, carricoche, carretera, carretero, carpintero (Spanish)
• carriole, carrousse (French)
• kára (Czechoslovacian)
• Karren, Karosserie (German)

• trepar (Spanish for to climb),
• dreap (Irish for to climb),
• spreap (Scottish for to climb),
• Treppe (German for a flight of stairs).

slogan (W3)

Uni Toronto - mots français d'origine non-latine
§ 4. -- Celtique moderne

• 29. L'idiome celtique de la Cornouaille (partie de l'Angleterre) s'est éteint au siècle dernier.
• 30. Il est peu probable que barnache, bernache, se rattache directement à l'irlandais bairneach, lépas : la variante bernacle vient de l'anglais barnacle ; la variante bernicle, du bas breton brenik. De même brogue, clan, claymore, plaid, usquebac, whisky, originaires de l'Écosse, flanelle, du pays de Galles, et quelques autres mots que nous avons laissés de côté, ne sont arrivés au français que par l'intermédiaire de l'anglais.
• 31. Baille n'est pas foncièrement celtique, mais scandinave. (Cf. danois balle, ballie ; suédois balja, etc.) Il est possible que ce terme de marine ait été emprunté par le français au scandinave, indépendamment du breton.
• 32. Cf. ci-dessus, n. 19.
• 33. Les archéologues emploient maint autre mot bas breton que nous n'avons pas cru devoir accueillir dans le Dictionnaire, par exemple lech (au sens de cromlech), mactiern (fils de prince), peulvan (poteau de pierre), tiern (prince), gwerz (chant historique), etc., etc.

wikipedia
List of English words of Irish origin

Dolan, Terence Patrick
A Dictionary of Hiberno-English
The Irish Use of English

Synopsis
When T. P. Dolan's "A Dictionary of Hiberno-English" first appeared in hardback, the poet and critic Tom Paulin hailed it as his book of the year, describing it as a tremendous feat of scholarship. It is the only dictionary which provides an authoritative lexicon of the English language as spoken in Ireland. Hiberno-English differs from standard English in a number of ways, most notably through the retention of archaic forms redundant in standard English and through borrowings from the Irish language.