Etymologie, Etimología, Étymologie, Etimologia, Etymology, (griech.) etymología, (lat.) etymologia, (esper.) etimologio
BR Brasilien, Brasil, Brésil, Brasile, Brazil, (esper.) Brazilo
Region, Región, Région, Regione, Region, (lat.) regio, (esper.) regionoj
Bundesstaaten, États fédérés, Federal States
Verwaltungsgliederung: 26 Bundesstaaten, 1 Bundesdistrikt
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citypopulation
Federal States of Brazil
(E?)(L1) http://www.citypopulation.de/Brazil.html
For each state, all cities that have a population of 20,000 or more.
Acre | Alagoas | Amapá | Amazonas | Bahia | Ceará | Distrito Federal | Espírito Santo | Goiás | Maranhão | Mato Grosso | Mato Grosso do Sul | Minas Gerais | Pará | Paraíba | Paraná | Pernambuco | Piauí | Rio de Janeiro | Rio Grande do Norte | Rio Grande do Sul | Rondônia | Roraima | Santa Catarina | Sergipe | Tocantins
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wikipedia
Brasilien - Administrative Gliederung
(E?)(L?) http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brasilien
Brasilien ist in 26 Bundesstaaten und einen Bundesdistrikt (Distrito Federal) gegliedert. Diese sind administrativ in fünf Regionen aufgeteilt:
Norden (Região Norte): Acre, Amapá, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima, Tocantins
Der Norden macht 45,27% der Fläche Brasiliens aus. Gleichzeitig ist es die Region mit den wenigsten Einwohnern. Der Nordwesten ist industriell vergleichsweise wenig entwickelt und nicht sehr gut erschlossen. Dafür beherbergt er mit dem Amazonasbecken das größte Ökosystem der Erde.
Nordosten (Região Nordeste): Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Maranhão, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Sergipe
Knapp ein Drittel der Brasilianer leben im Nordosten. Die Region ist kulturell sehr vielseitig. Sie ist geprägt von der portugiesischen Kolonialherrschaft, von der afrikanischen Kultur der ehemaligen Sklaven und nicht zuletzt von indianischen Einflüssen.
Mittelwesten (Região Centro-Oeste): Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Distrito Federal Brasília
Die Region verdankt ihre Bedeutung vor allem ihrem Reichtum an Rohstoffen. Dennoch ist der Mittelwesten nicht besonders gut erschlossen. Es werden aber intensive Bemühungen unternommen, die Region zu stärken, u.a durch die Verlegung der Hauptstadt nach Brasília.
Südosten (Região Sudeste): Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, São Paulo
Im Südosten leben mehr Menschen als in jedem anderen südamerikanischen Land. Mit den Ballungsräumen São Paulo und Rio de Janeiro ist diese Region der wirtschaftliche Motor des Landes.
Süden (Região Sul): Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul
Der Süden ist die kleinste Region Brasiliens. Die klimatischen Verhältnisse entsprechen etwa denen Mitteleuropas. Die Region zeigt deutliche kulturelle Einflüsse von deutschen und italienischen Einwanderern, die sich bevorzugt in diesem Gebiet niederließen.
Bundesdistrikt
Während des brasilianischen Kaiserreichs war Rio de Janeiro Hauptstadt Brasiliens und hatte den Status Município Neutro (Neutrale Stadt), was in etwa einem Hauptstadtdistrikt gleichzusetzen ist. Mit der Schaffung des Bundesstaats und der einhergehenden Umwandlung der Provinzen in Bundesstaaten wurde 1889 aus dem Município Neutro ein Distrito Federal (Bundesdistrikt). 1960 wurde die Hauptstadt nach Brasília verlegt, ebenso der Distrito Federal. Der Sonderdistrikt um Rio de Janeiro war zeitweilig in den Bundesstaat Guanabara umgewandelt, bis Guanabara 1975 in den Bundesstaat Rio de Janeiro eingegliedert wurde.
Der Distrito Federal hat eine besondere Bedeutung. Er ist in der Verfassung festgeschrieben und ist direkt der brasilianischen Regierung unterstellt.
wikipedia
List of Brazil state name etymologies
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Brazil_state_name_etymologies
Most of Brazilian state names are based on native indigenous (often Tupi-Guarani) placenames, while others were given by Portuguese and other European colonists.
See also: States of Brazil
- Acre - from a misspelling of Aquiri, a local river (documented); not from acre (a unit for territorial measurement).
- Alagoas - plural of alagoa, a flooded field or swamp.
- Amapá - from Aruak amapá, "the land in the end" (documented in Sir Walter Raleigh's account of Guyana as Land of Amapaia).
- Amazonas - after the Amazon river, which by its turn was baptized such by Spanish explorers who heard rumors that Amazons (female breastless mounted warriors; from Greek a- mastos, with no breasts) guarded the legendary city of Eldorado in the middle of the forest.
- Bahia - from bahia, the ancient Portuguese spelling of baía, that is, bay or harbor. The actual name of the colonial province was Bahia de Todos os Santos (All Saints Bay), for it was discovered in November 1, All Saints Day.
- Ceará - from Tupi sy ara (mother of the day) because it is a sunny land with sparse vegetation (therefore, few shadows).
- Espírito Santo - literally, Portuguese for "Holy Ghost". The Iberian colonists were used to dedicate their colonies to Catholic entities.
- Goiás - from the name of a long-extinct but once famous native people.
- Maranhão - from the Spanish spelling of Marañón, another name for the Amazon River; from 1621 to 1709, the north of Brazil was styled the State of Maranhão, with its capital in São Luís.
- Mato Grosso - literally, Portuguese for "thick grass", or else "dense woods".
- Mato Grosso do Sul - seceded from the former in 1975, as its Southern (and wealthiest) portion.
- Minas Gerais - literally "General Mines" (meaning of "state-owned mines" in early modern Portuguese). The province was originally part of São Paulo, but from the early 18th century on, colonists found out gold, diamond, and gems on its territory. Therefore, in 1709 the Portuguese Crown strategically separated the mining territory and placed it under its direct control (Captaincy of São Paulo and the Mines), as an immense mining district of several products (then, "general mines").
- Pará - from Tupi-Guarani pará (river). Probably called such because of the estuary of the Amazon River. The Pará River, near the state capital (Belém), would be "River River."
- Paraíba - from Tupi pará (river) + aíba (rough, bad), probably meaning "rough river".
- Paraná - from Guarani paraná, "wide river" (the words for "river", "large river", "lagoon", "sea" and "lake" have different meanings in Tupi, thus leading to the confusion that Paraná meant sea).
- Pernambuco - from Tupi paranã (sea) mbuka (hollow), referring to the reefs that lie off the coast (hence also the state capital name, Recife, Portuguese for reef).
- Piauí - from the Tupi word piau (a type of river fish) and y (river), so Piau/Fish River.
- Rio de Janeiro - literally, Portuguese for "River of January". The harbor where the city was founded was discovered in January 1, 1502, and taken for the mouth of a river (such as the Tagus estuary which forms a bay in Lisbon). The state was named after the city, now its capital and formerly capital of the nation.
- Rio Grande do Norte - literally, Portuguese for "Great River of the North".
- Rio Grande do Sul - literally, Portuguese for "Great River of the South". The first important settlement there, the town of Rio Grande, was probably called such because of the Patos Lagoon, mistaken for a river for its long and narrow shape.
- Rondônia - after Marshal Cândido Rondon, explorer of the region. The old name for the state was Guaporé, Tupi for "pathway to the lake".
- Roraima - from Yanomami roro imã, which means, according to some sources, "thundering mountain". The old name for the state was Rio Branco, Portuguese for "white river".
- Santa Catarina - after St. Catherine, a saint praised by both Portuguese and Spanish, who held the land for nearly 200 years.
- Sergipe - after the name of an Indian chief, Serijipe. Another possible origin comes from Tupi siri jibe, a "brook with crabs".
- Tocantins - from Tupi tukan (toucan, a South American bird) tin (nose), or nose of toucan. This is due to the confluence of Araguaia and Tocantins rivers, shaped in a curve which resembles a bird's beak; the region is also named "Bico do Papagaio" (Parrot Beak). However, the river had this name long before maps revealed the shape of the confluence.
- Distrito Federal - literally, "Federal District". Until 1934, the municipal territory of the national capital was called either Município Neutro (Neutral Municipality, from 1834 to 1889), Corte Imperial (Imperial Court, from 1822 to 1834) or Capital Federal (Federal Capital, from 1889 to 1934).
wikipedia
List of places in Brazil named after people
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_places_in_Brazil_named_after_people
This is a list of places in Brazil which are named after people :
- Anchieta, Brazil - Father José de Anchieta
- Benjamin Constant, Amazonas, Brazil - Benjamin Constant (Brazilian politician, writer and journalist)
- Campos Sales, Brazil - Manuel Ferraz de Campos Sales (a president of Brazil)
- Carlos Chagas, Minas Gerais, Brazil - Carlos Chagas (discoverer of Chagas disease)
- Duque de Caxias, Brazil - Luís Alves de Lima e Silva, Duke of Caxias, Brazilian general and politician
- Epitaciolândia, Acre, Brazil - Epitácio da Silva Pessoa (a Brazilian president)
- Euclides da Cunha, Bahia - Euclides da Cunha (Brazilian writer)
- Florianópolis, Brazil - Floriano Peixoto (a president of Brazil)
- Gonçalves Dias, Maranhão, Brazil - Antônio Gonçalves Dias (a Brazilian poet)
- João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil - João Pessoa Cavalcanti de Albuquerque, governor of the state of Paraíba
- Marechal Deodoro, Amazonas, Brazil - Manuel Deodoro da Fonseca (a president of Brazil)
- Marechal Floriano, Espírito Santo, Brazil - Floriano Peixoto (a president of Brazil)
- Nilo Peçanha, Brazil, Bahia - Nilo Peçanha (a Brazilian president)
- Nilópolis, Brazil - Nilo Peçanha (a Brazilian president)
- Peçanha, Brazil - Nilo Peçanha
- Petrópolis, Brazil - Pedro I, emperor of Brazil
- Presidente Bernardes, Brazil - Artur da Silva Bernardes (a Brazilian president)
- Presidente Dutra, Brazil - Eurico Gaspar Dutra (a Brazilian president)
- Presidente Epitácio, Brazil - Epitâcio da Silva Pessoa (a Brazilian president)
- Presidente Figueiredo, Brazil João Baptista de Oliveira Figueiredo (a Brazilian president)
- Presidente Getúlio, Brazil - Getúlio Vargas (a Brazilian president)
- Presidente Jânio Quadros, Brazil Jânio Quadros (a Brazilian president)
- Presidente Juscelino, Brazil - Juscelino Kubitschek (a Brazilian president)
- Presidente Kennedy, Espírito Santo, Brazil - John Fitzgerald Kennedy (American president)
- Presidente Médici, Brazil - Emílio Garrastazú Médici (a Brazilian president)
- Presidente Prudente and Prudente de Morais, Brazil - Prudente José de Morais Barros (a Brazilian president)
- Presidente Sarney, Maranhão, Brazil - José Sarney (a Brazilian president)
- Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil - Barão do Rio Branco (Brazilian politician and diplomat)
- Rondonópolis and Rondolândia, Brazil - Cândido Rondon (Brazilian military officer and explorer)
- Ruy Barbosa, Brazil - Ruy Barbosa (Brazilian jurist, politician and diplomat)
- Salesópolis, Brazil - Manuel Ferraz de Campos Sales (a president of Brazil)
- Salvador, Brazil - Jesus (the Christian Savior)
- Santos Dumont, Brazil - Alberto Santos Dumont, inventor of aircraft
- Santos Dumont, Minas Gerais - Alberto Santos Dumont
- São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil - Louis IX of France (Saint Louis)
- São Vicente, Brazil - Saint Vincent
- São Sebastião, São Paulo, Brazil - Saint Sebastian
- Sud Mennucci, São Paulo, Brazil - journalist and educator Sud Mennucci
- Teresina, Piauí, Brazil - Empress Tereza Christina of Brazil, wife of Pedro II
- Teresópolis - Empress Tereza Christina of Brazil, wife of Pedro II
See also
- List of places named after people
- List of country subdivisions named after people
- Buildings and structures named after people
- List of eponyms of airports
- Lists of places by eponym
- List of eponyms
- Lists of etymologies
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