Etymologie, Etimología, Étymologie, Etimologia, Etymology, (griech.) etymología, (lat.) etymologia, (esper.) etimologio
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Blaps lethifera (W3)

BLAPS, subst. masc.

Étymol. et Hist. 1775 zool. (Fabricius, Syst. Entomologique dans Agassiz, Generum Coleopterorum). Formé d'apr. le gr. "blaptein" « nuire » [= dt. "schädlich sein"].

Archives for February 2012

SOME LINKS.

1) A Brief History of Blurbs, by Alan Levinovitz. You knew, of course, that the word blurb was coined in 1906 by Gelett Burgess, but did you know that quasi-blurbs (though not on the outside of books) can be traced back to ancient Rome and medieval Egypt, where authors and booksellers “were soliciting longer poems of praise (taqriz) from big-shot friends in the 1300s”? Read some truly loathsome examples of hyperbole, fakery, and shameless cronyism, and writhe in agony at the very idea of "blaps and blovers".

Blaps lethifera - Schwarzkäfer

Blaps lethifera gehört in die Familie Schwarzkäfer.

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Both "blaps" and "runs" are slang terms for "diarrhea".

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The "blap" is a glossy page covered in blurbs that immediately follows the front cover. In deference to its importance, the width of the cover is usually reduced, tempting potential readers with a glimpse of the blap, and perhaps even accommodating a conveniently placed blurb that runs along the length of the book.

The "blover" is essentially a "blap" on steroids, literally a second book cover, made from the same cardstock, that serves solely as a billboard for blurbs. Blovers are not yet widespread, but given the ubiquity of "blaps" it is only a matter of time. (For an extreme case see The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, where the blover’s edge sports a vertical banality from Entertainment Weekly — “I couldn’t put the book down.” — not to mention the 56 blurbs on the pages that follow.)
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What a wonderful article, stripping away the layers of b-s in publishing. I too have been lured by the siren song of enticing "blurbs, blaps and blovers", only to find my soul has not shrieked with delight at the contents of the book, thus proving that (possibly) my soul is dead…
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"Blaps" is a genus of darkling beetles in the family "Tenebrionidae". There are more than 30 described species in "Blaps", the genus being most commonly found in Eurasia and Australia, with occasional sightings elsewhere in the world.

These 38 species belong to the genus Blaps:
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Der "Große Totenkäfer" ("Blaps mortisaga") ist ein Käfer aus der Familie der "Schwarzkäfer" ("Tenebrionidae"). Er wird auch "Totenansager" genannt und wurde als Vorbote kommenden Unheils angesehen. Dies erklärt den von Linnaeus vergebenen Artnamen "mortisaga" ("den Tod wahrsagend").
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Ähnliche Arten

Laut Freude-Harde-Lohse werden "Blaps milleri" und "Blaps reflexicollis" zur Art "Blaps lethifera" gestellt, nach der Fauna Europaea wird "Blaps milleri" als eigene Art geführt, von Picka wird 1978 noch "Blaps abdita" aus der lethifera-Verwandtschaft als neue Art beschrieben.
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Blaps, s. "Totenkäfer"

Furcifer (W3)

• Goniaea furcifera (Walker)
• Masoala-Gabelstreifenmaki - Phaner furcifer - Mammalia
• Pantherchamäleon - Furcifer pardalis - Reptilia
• Sogatella furcifera (Horvath)

S. 314

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Der in FC 1/2013 (S. 80-82) bereits vorgestellte Latinist Nikolaus Groß hat vor kurzem eine lateinische Übersetzung des Kinderbuchs „Der Räuber Hotzenplotz“ vorgelegt
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Auf Seite 110 findet man ein lateinisches Inhaltsverzeichnis, ab S. 111 einen alphabetischen Index verborum Hotzenplotzii (Vocabula rariora et recentiora), und zwar

• lateinisch – deutsch/englisch, z. B.
• "Acheruntis pabulum" ("Satansbraten"; "cheeky devil", "limb of Satan2),
• "ahenum lautorium" ("Waschkessel"; "copper, wash-boiler"),
• "assum anserinum" ("Gänsebraten"; "roast goose"),
• "Casparulus" ("Kasperl"),
• "chiramaxium" ("Handwagen"; "handcart");
• "cramum battutum" (2Schlagsahne"; "whipped cream");
• "furcifer" ("Schurke", "Halunke"; "rascal"),
• "mucinnium" ("Taschentuch"; "handkerchief"),
• "stabulum flagitii et sterculinum publicum" ("Potz Schwefel und Höllenfeuer!" cfr. Plaut. Persa 407; Truc. 586).

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Paranthias furcifer (Valenciennes, 1828), Creole-fish

Habenaria furcifera - Habenaria ovalifolia, Habenaria modesta, Habenaria hamigera - Orchidaceae - Forked Habenaria

Deklinator v3.0 Auswertung

Formen
Nominativ Sg.:	     furcifer
Genitiv Sg.:	     furcifferi
Genus:	             m.
Deutsche Übersetzung: Galgenstrick (Schimpfwort)
Deklination:          o-Deklination



 		Singular	Plural
Nominativ 	furcifer	furcifferi
Genitiv		furcifferi	furcifferorum
Dativ		furciffero	furcifferis
Akkusativ	furcifferum	furcifferos
Ablativ		furciffero	furcifferis
Vokativ		furcifer	furcifferi

Hoplolichas furcifer

We found 12 dictionaries with English definitions that include the word "furciferous":
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Three new chameleon species from Madagascar

By Mark D. Scherz

Madagascar is famous for the immense diversity of animals that are found nowhere else in the world. Among its most famous animals number the chameleons: both the largest (Parson’s chameleon, Calumma parsonii, or Oustalet’s chameleon, "Furcifer oustaleti", depending on how you define “large”) and smallest (the dwarf leaf chameleon, Brookesia micra) chameleons are native to Madagascar. In fact, about half of the over 200 species of chameleons are strictly Malagasy.
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On Spoons, Forks, and Knives

APRIL 8TH 2009

By Anatoly Liberman

I would rather write about "prisms" and "prunes", but those words are ultimately of Greek descent, and I try to stay on Germanic soil as much as possible, though sometimes the spirit of adventure (not to be encouraged in a serious etymologist) makes me trespass on Romance territory. The origin of "spoon" is well-known, but the story is instructive and deserves repeating.

Spoons of some sort were invented at the dawn of civilization. Liquid and soft food cannot be eaten with hands, so that spoons, contrary to forks, are a necessity, not a luxury. Human beings have fingers, that is, natural forks, and the Europeans resisted the introduction of “artificial fingers” long and manfully. The English are famous for even ridiculing forks five hundred years ago. However, by the 16th and especially the 17th century the wealthy in Italy, France, and England got used to the newfangled utensil, partly because forks could be made of costly materials and impress guests (the Italians were in the forefront of this important battle).

The idea of the monstrous phrase plastic silverware could not have occurred to those nobles. The Old English noun "forca" ~ force betrays its origin from Latin "furca" = "a two-pronged pitchfork", "a stake for punishment" (hence "furcifer" = "villain", "gallows bird"), "a claw of a crayfish", and so forth (a word for which no satisfactory etymology exists; the original root can be seen in Engl. "bifurcation"). In Old English, as in Latin, "forca" ~ force meant "pitchfork". The earliest known mention of Engl. "fork" “eating utensil” traces back to 1463, and the next occurrence in the OED is dated 1554. "Furca", despite its obscurity, may have been native in Latin, for such a primitive agricultural implement would have been unlikely to go by a foreign name. The other Germanic words for "pitchfork" (such as German "Gabel", related to Engl. "gable") and their Slavic counterparts (such as Russian "vily") are also opaque from an etymological point of view, though less troublesome than "furca".

"Spoon" is certainly native and can serve as a classic illustration of how the history of words and the history of things are connected. Old Engl. "spon" (with a long vowel), the etymon of "spoon", meant "chip", "splinter", "shaving", and this is still the meaning of German "Span" and one of the meanings of Dutch "spaan". In Middle English, the change from "chip" to "eating utensil" probably occurred under the influence of its Scandinavian equivalent in which the same change happened earlier. The ancient "spoon" was a primitive "sliver" before it became elaborate "silver". Spoons have transparent names in many languages. Latin "coclear", the ancestor of French "cuiller", Spanish "cuchara", and Italian "cucchiaio", shares the root with "coclea" = "snail"; "spiral" (in our dictionaries, "coclea" sometimes turns up with –ch-, as do its English reflexes derived from Greek) either because of its initial twisted form or because it had pointed ends for eating shellfish. Shells as spoons have been used widely all over the world. Swedish "sked" (with closely related forms in all the Scandinavian languages) refers to something split or divided, as the corresponding English verb "to shed" and "–shed" in the compound "watershed" make clear. Dutch "lepel" = "spoon" is an instrument for "lapping up" food.

Older than the "spoon" and the "fork" is the "knife", and the origin of the words for it is sometimes lost. The easiest case is German "Messer" (with cognates elsewhere in Germanic). "Messen" = "to measure" is related to Engl. "mete" (out). Apparently, the instrument was used for "measuring". "Meat" (but not "meet") is also related, for the original sense of "meat" was "food", or rather "a portion ‘meted’ to the partaker". But Engl. "knife" is enigmatic despite the fact that almost identical forms exist in several Germanic languages (compare Dutch "knijf"). Old English had "cnif" (here again with a long vowel); however, the word surfaced late and seems to have been borrowed from Scandinavian. When "knife" came into existence, "k" was pronounced in it, as in Modern Engl. "acknowledge", for example. Germanic words with initial "kn–" and "gn–" are numerous; today the spelling of Engl. "knock", "gnaw", and the like reminds us of medieval sound values but confuses learners. In the written form of some words, initial "k–" and "g–" have been abolished.

Although the nouns and verbs that at one time began with "kn–" and "gn–" show some similarity in meaning, their common semantic denominator is evasive. At least some of them refer to a light, quick movement ("nudge", for instance). "Knife" may be part of that group, and Skeat saw no reason for separating it from nip and nibble. Everything depends on the purpose of the original "knife". If in the remote past it denoted a stabbing tool or weapon, a kind of bayonet, its name will align itself easily with many other "kn–" words. But the prehistory of our object is hidden. According to a daring hypothesis, "knife" is a loan from Basque. (I need hardly remind our readers that linguistic loans are permanent and that the lending language does not become poorer after sharing its riches with a neighbor. Borrow is a remarkably inappropriate term in this context; take over makes better sense.) Words for tools are often “borrowed”, because they travel from land to land with the objects they designate. Thus, foreign axes, adzes, hatchets, and their likes come to new countries, and their names seldom resist domestication. With knives it happens rarely, if at all. In any case, we do not know to what uses the object called "knife" was put when its name emerged and are likely to remain in the dark forever. It is important to remember that, in order to discover the etymology of a word, we must know exactly what the word means. Plato, or perhaps Socrates before him, already realized this connection, but in our work we are apt to forget it.

Anatoly Liberman is the author of "Word Origins … And How We Know Them" as well as "An Analytic Dictionary of English Etymology: An Introduction". His column on word origins, The Oxford Etymologist, appears here, each Wednesday. Send your etymology question to blog.us@oup.com; he’ll do his best to avoid responding with “origin unknown.”

"Furcifer" appears in the following group names or in other names (synonyms, vernacular names) applied to these groups:

• Myrmecolax afurcifer (Myrmecolax)
• Hypaeus furcifer (Hypaeus)
• Phanias furcifer (Phanias)
• Breda furcifera (Breda)
• Acyrocerops furcifera (Pachygastrinae)
• Dicranophora furcifera (Dicranophora)
• Lordomyrma furcifera (Stenammini)
• Phaner furcifer (Cheirogaleidae)

Thomas Coryat (also Coryate) (c. 1577 – 1617) was an English traveller and writer of the late Elizabethan and early Jacobean age. He is principally remembered for two volumes of writings he left regarding his travels, often on foot, through Europe and parts of Asia. He is often credited with introducing the table fork to England, with "Furcifer" (Latin: "fork-bearer", "rascal") becoming one of his nicknames. His description of how the Italians shielded themselves from the sun resulted in the word "umbrella" being introduced into English.
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"Furcifer" is a genus of chameleons whose member species are mostly endemic to Madagascar, but "Furcifer cephalolepis" and "Furcifer polleni" are endemic to the Comoros. Additionally, "Furcifer pardalis" has been introduced to Réunion and Mauritius, while "Furcifer oustaleti" has been introduced to near Nairobi in Kenya.
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"furciferous":

In entomology, bearing a forked appendage or organ. - Rascally; scoundrelly; villainous.

adjective rare Rascally; scandalous.

adjective archaic rascally; scandalous

Etymologies: Latin "furcifer" = "yoke bearer", "scoundrel"; "furca" = "fork", "yoke", "fork-shaped instrument of punishment" + "ferre" = "to bear".

homo pestifer (W3)

Cola di Rienzo (* Frühjahr 1313 in Rom; † 8. Oktober 1354 ebenda) war ein römischer Politiker und Volkstribun. Er wurde der Nachwelt besonders bekannt durch das dreibändige Romanwerk Rienzi, or the Last of the Tribunes (Rienzi, der letzte Tribun, 1835) von Edward Bulwer-Lytton und die davon inspirierte Oper Rienzi (1842) von Richard Wagner. Cola di Rienzo ist bis heute eine umstrittene Figur: Für die einen ist er ein Humanist und Fixstern der Renaissance, für die anderen ein größenwahnsinniger Tyrann.
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mortifer (W3)

[TL : "mortefiier" ; GD : "mortefier" ; GDC : "mortifier" ; AND : "mortifier" ; FEW VI-3, 151a "mortificare" ; TLF : "mortifier"]

[GD : "mortifere" ; AND : "mortifiere" ; FEW VI-3, 151a "mortifer" ; TLF : "mortifère"]

"mortifer" (qqf. "mortiferus"), era, erum : "qui cause la mort", "mortel", "fatal".

"mortifere", adv. : "mortellement".

"mortiferus" = "mortifer".

"succus" ("sucus"), i, m. : suc, liquide nourricier; sève, liqueur; remède, breuvage, potion, décoction, jus; saveur, goût (d'un aliment); vigueur.

• "succum terrae bibere", Plin. : pomper les sucs de la terre.
• "ex terrâ sucum trahunt", Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 120: pomper les sucs de la terre.
• "cochleae suo sibi suco vivunt", Plaut. Capt. 1.1.13: les limaçons se nourrissent de leur propre substance.
• "succus fumi", Pall. : le purin.
• "succi uvae", Tib. : jus de raisin.
• "succus mortiferi" ("succus veneni") : "poison mortel".
• "piscis succo ingratus", Ov. : poisson d'un goût désagréable.
• "succus et sanguis civitatis", Cic. : la vie, tout le sang de l'Etat.
• "succus Periclis", Cic. : la vigueur (oratoire) de Périclès.

Title: Acerca de la materia medicinal, y de los venenos mortiferos By: Dioscorides, Pedanius Genre: Book Publication info: En Salamanca : Por Mathias Gast. 1563 Contributed by: Biblioteca Digital del Real Jardin Botanico de Madrid

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frz. "MORTIFIER", verbe trans.

Étymol. et Hist.

• A. 1. 1re moitié xii s. «faire mourir, tuer» (Psautier Oxford, éd. F. Michel, 36, 34 [lat. occidere]);
• A. 2. fin xiies. sens réfl. terme de spiritualité «mourir à soi-même, en union avec la croix du Christ» (Sermons de St Bernard, éd. W. Foerster, p.161, 18); xiiies. mortefiier sa char (Vie de Ste Elisabeth de Hongrie, ds Œuvres de Rutebeuf, éd. A. Jubinal, 1839, t. 2, p.380);
• A. 3. 1636 «humilier quelqu'un» (Monet, p.574 a); id. part. passé adj. (ibid.: Mertifié, hontoié avec aigreur).
• B. 1. Fin xve-xvies. alchim. «modifier la forme extérieure d'un mixte» (Traicté d'alchymie, 256 ds Roman de la Rose, éd. Méon, t. 4, p.215);
• B. 2. 1552 réfl. «[en parlant d'un tissu animal] se décomposer, se gangréner» (Paré, éd. J. Malgaigne, X, 14, t. 2, p.213 b, note 1);
• B. 3. 1588 [viandes] mortifiées (Montaigne, Essais, III, XIII, éd. A. Thibaudet et M. Rat, p.1081). Empr. au lat. mortificare, dans la langue chrét. «tuer, mettre à mort» [spirituellement, par opposition à vivificare, «faire mourir»; à l'emploi passif «être mort à, délivré de (lege, vitiis...)»]; spéc. «mortifier, réprimer [opera carnis, voluntatem]», se mortificare; à l'époque médiév. [mordificare] méd. «déterminer la gangrène» (1150) et alchim. (xiiies. ds Latham).

Althdt. "beran" 132, ahd., st. V. (4): nhd. gebären, tragen, zeugen, erzeugen, hervorbringen, erweisen, entgegenbringen, darbringen, hervorholen; ne. bear (V.), produce (V.), bring forth, render;

Übersetzungsgleichung: lat. afferre Gl, N, T, dare N, depromere Gl, edere (V.) (2) MH, N, enixus (Adj.) (= beranti) Gl, exhibere I, facere Gl, O, fecundatus (= beranti) Gl, ferre Gl, T, fertilis (= beranti) Gl, fructificus (= beranti?) Gl, fructuosus (= beranti) Gl, (fructus) (= giboran) N, O, T, fundere Gl, generare Gl, generatio (= beran subst.) I, MF, N, germinare N, T, gignere Gl, I, MF, T, WK, "mortifer" (= "tod beranti") Gl, nasci Gl, GP, I, MF, N, O, WH, WK, (oriri) WH, parere (V.) (2) Gl, MF, N, O, Ph, T, WH, parturire Gl, N, NGl, Ph, procreare N, producere N, proferre Gl, puerpera (= kneht birit) Gl, (puerperium) (= kneht beranti) Gl, renasci T, reddere Gl, venire (V.) (2) (= giboran werdan) I, vulva (= berant ref) I;

Verweise: s. afurgi-, anagi-, fir-, furi-, gi-, in-, ir-, it-;

Hinweis: vgl. anfrk. *beran?, as. beran;

Quellenangaben: Ch, Gl (765), GP, I, MF, MH, N, NGl, O, OT, Ph, T, WH, WK, WS;

Interferenz: Lbd. lat. dare?;

Etymologie: germ. *beran, st. V., tragen, gebären; idg. *b?er- (1), V., tragen, bringen, Pokorny 128, EWAhd 1, 546;

Weiterleben: mhd. beren, bern, st. V., hervorbringen, Frucht tragen, Blüte tragen, gebären; nhd. bären, V., tragen, bringen, DW 1, 1127, DW2 4, 195; nhd. (schweiz.) beren, st. V., gebären, tragen, Schweiz. Id. 4, 1475, DW2 4, 1020;

Redewendungen: beranti, (Part. Präs.=)Adj.: nhd. fruchtbar, angestrengt; ne. fertile, strained;

Übersetzungsgleichung: lat. enixus (Adj.) Gl, fecundatus Gl, fertilis Gl, fructuosus Gl;

Redewendungen: kneht beranti, (Part. Präs.=)Adj.: nhd. ein Kind gebärend; ne. child-bearing;

Übersetzungsgleichung: lat. (puerperium) Gl;

Redewendungen: tod beranti, (Part. Präs.=)Adj.: nhd. todbringend; ne. fatal, deadly;

Übersetzungsgleichung: lat. "mortifer" Gl;

Literaturhinweise:

• Seebold, Chronologisches Wörterbuch des deutschen Wortschatzes 2, 156a (beran);

Sonstiges:

• Tgl01 = Sankt Pauler Lukasglossen (Sankt Paul, Stiftsarchiv 1/8) (4. Viertel 8. Jh.),
• Tgl02 = Freisinger Moralia-Glossen (München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Clm 6300),
• Tgl03a = Paulus-Glossen der Winithar-Handschrift (Sankt Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek 70),
• Tgl004 = Halitgarglossen im Ottoboni-Codex (Rom, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Ottob. lat. 3295),
• Tgl063 = Würzburger Isidorglossen (Würzburg, Universitätsbibliothek M. p. th. f. 79) (1. Viertel 9. Jh.),
• MrA01 = Alphabetisches Murbacher Mischglossar (Oxford, Bodleian Library Jun. 25),
• TrA01 = Alphabetisches Reichenauer Bibelglossar (Karlsruhe, Badische Landesbibliothek Aug. IC bzw. XCIX),
• Wba02 = Samanunga (Wien, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek Cod. 162)

Althdt. "lotarsprahha"* 3, "lotarspracha"*, ahd., st. F. (o): nhd. „Lottersprache“, nutzloses Gerede, nutzloses Geschwätz, Totengesang, unheilvolles Geschwätz, nichtige Rede, unsinnige Rede; ne. idle talk, mourning (N.);

Übersetzungsgleichung: lat. "cantus mortifer" Gl, naenia Gl;

Quellenangaben: Gl (9. Jh.);

Etymologie: s. lotar (1), sprahha, EWAhd 5, 1454;

Literaturhinweise:

• Karg-Gasterstädt/Frings, Althochdeutsches-Wörterbuch 5, 1303 (lotarsprahha), Seebold, Chronologisches Wörterbuch des deutschen Wortschatzes 2, 539a (lotarsprahha);

Sonstiges:

TrT06 = Sankt Galler Bibelglossar I (Sankt Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek 295)

Althdt. "tod" 336?, ahd., st. M. (a): nhd. "Tod", "Untergang"; ne. "death";

Übersetzungsgleichung: lat. "casus" N, ("crucificare") N, "exitus" N, "fatum" N, ("finis") N, "funus" Gl, "funera" N, ("inferi") N, ("interficere") O, "interitus" N, NGl, ("languor") N, "letum" Gl, "mors" APs, B, Gl, I, MF, MH, N, NGl, O, Ph, PT=T, RhC, T, WH, "mortalitas" N, O, "mortifer" (= "tod traganti") Gl, ("mortuus") NGl, O, Ph, "necromantia" Gl, "nex" Gl, "obitus" N, "occasus" N, "occidere" (V.) (1) (= "tod geban") N, "pestifer" (= "tod traganti") Gl, ("supplicium") Gl, MF;

Verweise: s. "lib-", "*mord-", "skant-";

Hinweis: vgl. anfrk. "dod"* (2), as. "doth"*;

Quellenangaben: APs, B, FT, GB, Gl (765), I, L, M, MF, MH, N, NGl, O, OT, Ph, PT, RhC, T, WH;

Interferenz: Lbd. lat. "mortalitas"?;

Etymologie: germ. "*dauþu-", "*dauþuz", st. M. (u), "Tod"; s. idg. "*dheu-" (2), V., Sb., "hinschwinden", "sterben", "Tod", Pokorny 260;

Weiterleben: mhd. "tot", st. M., "Tod"; nhd. "Tod", M., "Tod", DW 21, 537;

Redewendungen: "tod beranti": nhd. "todbringend"; ne. "deadly";

Übersetzungsgleichung: lat. "mortifer" Gl;

Redewendungen: "tod traganti": nhd. "todbringend"; ne. "deadly";

Übersetzungsgleichung: lat. "mortifer" Gl;

Redewendungen: "mit todu weigen": nhd. "zu Tode bringen"; ne. "bring to death";

Redewendungen: "in tode bituon": nhd. "sterben lassen"; ne. "let die";

Literaturhinweise:

• Seebold, Chronologisches Wörterbuch des deutschen Wortschatzes 2, 855b (tod);

Sonstiges:

• Tgl01 = Sankt Pauler Lukasglossen (Sankt Paul, Stiftsarchiv 1/8),
• Tgl03b = Paulus-Glossen der Winithar-Handschrift (Sankt Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek 70),
• Tgl054 = Tegernseer Cura-Glossen II (München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Clm 27152),
• Tgl059 = Darmstädter Eutychglossen (Darmstadt, Hessische Landes- und Hochschulbibliothek 739),
• Tglr Rb = großes Reichenauer Bibel-Glossar (Karlsruhe, Badische Landesbibliothek Aug. IC = XCIX),
• Wba01 = Wörterbuchglosse Abrogans (Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale lat. 7640),
• Wba02 = Samanunga (Wien, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek Cod. 162),
• Wba03 = Affatim-Glossar (Oxford, Bodleian Library Jun. 25)

Althdt. "todlih" 6, ahd., Adj.: nhd. tödlich, sterblich, todbringend, Tod betreffend, Tote betreffend; ne. deadly, mortal;

Übersetzungsgleichung: lat. funebris Gl, funestus Gl, mortalis Gl, I, NGl, "mortifer" T;

Verweise: s. un-;

Quellenangaben: Gl, I (Ende 8. Jh.), NGl, OT, T;

Interferenz: Lbd. lat. mortalis?;

Etymologie: s. tod, lih (3);

Weiterleben: mhd. totlich, Adj., tödlich, sterblich; nhd. tödlich, Adj., Adv., tödlich, was getötet werden kann, Todesgefahr bringend, DW 21, 584;

Literaturhinweise:

• Seebold, Chronologisches Wörterbuch des deutschen Wortschatzes 2, 855b (todlih);

Sonstiges:

• Tgl013 = Londoner Canones-Glossen (London, The British Library - Department of Manuscripts Arund. 393),
• TrA01 = Alphabetisches Reichenauer Bibelglossar (Karlsruhe, Badische Landesbibliothek Aug. IC bzw. XCIX)

Althdt. "tragan" (1) 166, ahd., st. V. (6): nhd. "tragen", "ertragen" (V.), "befördern", "bringen", "herbeibringen", "zurücktragen", "empfangen" (V.), "haben", "vertreten" (V.), "bei sich tragen", "bei sich haben", "die Grundlage bilden für", "einer Sache Rechnung tragen", "sich erstrecken", "weitergehen"; ne. "carry" (V.), "bear" (V.), "bring", "have";

Übersetzungsgleichung: lat. "accipere" (= "in hanton tragan") O,

• "afferre" N, "agere"? Gl, "apportare" Gl, "artifex" (= "list traganti") Gl, ("assumere") N, "baiulare" B, T, "baiulus" (= "traganter") Gl, "capax esse" N,
• "conferre" Gl,
• "efferre" Gl, T,
• "ferre" Gl, N, T, "fetosus" (= "traganti") Gl, "flammiger" (= "lougun traganti") Gl, "gerere" Gl, MH, N, "gerulus" (= "traganter") Gl, "gestare" MH, N, ("gestare") Gl, "grandaevus" (= "gitragan") N, "importare" Gl, "in gestatorio" (= "in traganti") Gl, "ingerere" N, "melotes" (= "daz fel munihha fora im tragant") Gl, ("mittere") WH,
• "mortifer" (= "tod traganti") Gl, "nugigerulus" (= "unnuzzi traganti") Gl,
• ("oniferus") O, "pati" Gl, N,
• "perferre" Gl,
• "pestifer" (= "tod traganti") Gl, "planthera" (= "den man zi kruzi tragit") Gl, "portare" B, Gl, I, MH, N, NGl, O, RhC, T, "portator" (= "traganter") Gl,
• "praeferre" N, (quinque panes) "habere" O, "praetendere" N,
• "referre" Gl, "reportare" B, Gl,
• "salutifer" (= "heil traganti") Gl,
• "sufferre" N, "sumere" Gl, ("susceptibilis") N, "suscipere" N, "sustinere" N, "tolerare" N, "tollere" N, "torquere" Gl, "uti moribus" (= "site tragan") N, ("vegitare") Gl, "vehi" Gl;
  
  Verweise: s. "afurtragan", "anatragan", "firtragan", "framtragan", "furitragan", "gitragan", "intragan", "inttragan", "mititragan", "ufintragan", "uztragan", "zitragan", "zisamanetragan", "zuotragan";
  
  Hinweis: vgl. anfrk. "dragan"*, as. "dragan";
  
  Quellenangaben: B, GB, Gl (765), I, MH, N, NGl, O, OT, RhC, T, WH;
  
  Interferenz: Lbd. lat. "suscipere";
  
  Etymologie: germ. "*dragan", st. V., "ziehen", "schleppen"; idg. "*dheragh-, V., "ziehen", "schleifen" (V.) (2), Pokorny 257?; s. idg. "*tragh-", "*trogh-", V., Sb., "ziehen", "schleppen", "laufen", "Nachkommen" (N.), Pokorny 1089?;
  
  Weiterleben: mhd. "tragen", st. V., "tragen", "haben", "besitzen", "ertragen"; nhd. "tragen", st. V., "tragen", DW 21, 1048;
  
  Redewendungen: "gitragan", (Part. Prät. =)Adj.: nhd. "getragen", "ehrwürdig"; ne. "venerable";
  
  Übersetzungsgleichung: lat. "grandaevus" Gl;
  
  Redewendungen: "ana sih tragan": nhd. "auf sich nehmen"; ne. "take on o.s.";
  
  Redewendungen: "traganti", (Part. Präs. =)Adj.: nhd. "trächtig"; ne. "pregnant";
  
  Übersetzungsgleichung: lat. "fetosus" Gl;
  
  Redewendungen: "traganter", (Part. Präs. subst. =)M.: nhd. "Lastträger"; ne. "carrier";
  
  Übersetzungsgleichung: lat. "baiulus" Gl;
  
  Redewendungen: "tod traganti": nhd. "Tod bringend"; ne. "death bringing";
  
  Übersetzungsgleichung: lat. "mortifer" Gl, "pestifer" Gl;
  
  Redewendungen: "unnuzzi traganti": nhd. "Unnützes bringend"; ne. "bringing useless";
  
  Übersetzungsgleichung: lat. "nugigerulus" Gl;
  
  Redewendungen: "lougun traganti", (Part. Präs. =) Adj.: nhd. "flammentragend"; ne. "carrying flames";
  
  Übersetzungsgleichung: lat. "flammiger" Gl;

Literaturhinweise:

• Seebold, Chronologisches Wörterbuch des deutschen Wortschatzes 2, 856b ("tragan");

Sonstiges:

• MrT01 = Regensburger Mischglossar (München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Clm 14747),
• Tgl05 = Würzburger Homiliar (Würzburg, Universitätsbibliothek M. p. th. f. 28),
• Tgl10 = Glossen im Maihinger Evangeliar (Augsburg, Universitätsbibliothek Cod. I. 2. 4° 2),
• Tgl041 = Lorscher Glossen zu Predigten (Rom, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana Pal. lat. 220),
• Tglr Rb = großes Reichenauer Bibel-Glossar (Karlsruhe, Badische Landesbibliothek Aug. IC = XCIX),
• TrA01 = Alphabetisches Reichenauer Bibelglossar (Karlsruhe, Badische Landesbibliothek Aug. IC bzw. XCIX),
• Wba01 = Wörterbuchglosse Abrogans (Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale lat. 7640),
• Wba02 = Samanunga (Wien, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek Cod. 162),
• Wba03 = Affatim-Glossar (Oxford, Bodleian Library Jun. 25),

im Idg. gibt es keine lautlich und bedeutungsmäßig genau entsprechende Vegleichsmöglichkeit, vorausgesetzt wäre "dhragh".

Ahdt. "tobunga"* 5, ahd., st. F. (o): nhd. Wahnsinn, törichtes Zeug, Unsinn, wahnsinniges Gerede, Rasen (N.); ne. insanity;

Übersetzungsgleichung: lat. deliramentum Gl, T;

Quellenangaben: Gl, OT, T (830);

Interferenz: Lüs. lat. deliramentum;

Etymologie: s. toben, tobon;

Weiterleben: nhd. (ält.) Tobung, F., Toben, Rasen (N.), DW 21, 532tod 336?, ahd., st. M. (a): nhd. Tod, Untergang; ne. death;

Übersetzungsgleichung: lat. casus N, (crucificare) N, exitus N, fatum N, (finis) N, funus Gl, funera N, (inferi) N, (interficere) O, interitus N, NGl, (languor) N, letum Gl, mors APs, B, Gl, I, MF, MH, N, NGl, O, Ph, PT=T, RhC, T, WH, mortalitas N, O, "mortifer" (= "tod traganti") Gl, (mortuus) NGl, O, Ph, necromantia Gl, nex Gl, obitus N, occasus N, occidere (V.) (1) (= tod geban) N, pestifer (= "tod traganti") Gl, (supplicium) Gl, MF;

Verweise: s. lib-, *mord-, skant-;

Hinweis: vgl. anfrk. dod* (2), as. doth*;

Quellenangaben: APs, B, FT, GB, Gl (765), I, L, M, MF, MH, N, NGl, O, OT, Ph, PT, RhC, T, WH;

Interferenz: Lbd. lat. mortalitas?;

Etymologie: germ. *dauþu-, *dauþuz, st. M. (u), Tod; s. idg. *d?eu- (2), V., Sb., hinschwinden, sterben, Tod, Pokorny 260;

Weiterleben: mhd. tot, st. M., Tod; nhd. Tod, M., Tod, DW 21, 537;

Redewendungen: tod beranti: nhd. todbringend; ne. deadly;

Übersetzungsgleichung: lat. "mortifer" Gl;

Redewendungen: "tod traganti": nhd. todbringend; ne. deadly;

Übersetzungsgleichung: lat. "mortifer" Gl;

Redewendungen: mit todu weigen: nhd. zu Tode bringen; ne. bring to death;

Redewendungen: in tode bituon: nhd. sterben lassen; ne. let die;

Sonstiges:

• Tgl01,
• Tgl03b,
• Tglr Rb

got. "ingif"* 1, "in-gif"*, got., st. N. (a): nhd. Gift; ne. poison (N.), toxicant;

Übersetzungsgleichung: gr. ?a??s?µ??;

Übersetzungsentsprechung: lat. "mortiferum";

Quellenangaben: Bi (340-380);

Etymologie: s. in, giban, vielleicht ursprünglich Adj.; B.: Dat. ingibe Mrk 16,18 CAS;

Sonstiges:

• Gen. ingibis.

lat. "mortifer", lat., Adj.: nhd. "todbringend", "tödlich", "tötend";

Quellenangaben: Enn. (204 v.-169 v. Chr.);

Etymologie: s. mors, ferre;

Literaturhinweise:

Walde/Hofmann 2, 113

lat. "mortifere", lat., Adv.: nhd. "tödlich";

Quellenangaben: Plin. (23/24-79 n. Chr.);

Etymologie: s. "mortifer"

lat. "mortiferus", lat., Adj.: nhd. "todbringend", "tödlich", "tötend";

Quellenangaben: Cic. (106-43 v. Chr.);

Etymologie: s. "mors", "ferre", "mortifer"

Lat. "mortifer", lat., Adj.: nhd.° "todbringend", "tödlich", "tötend", Gg;

Quellenangaben: I, B, Vis, Bai, ConcM=Conc1, ConcK2=Conc3;

Hinweis: s. "mortiferus"

"mortiferus", lat., Adj.: nhd.° "todbringend", "tödlich", "tötend", Gg;

Hinweis: s. "mortifer"

"Ausblutung", f exsanguinatio, onis, f [2013]; sanguinatio (letalis), f [vet.; NLL p.41,1; GHL II,2480]; "eruptio sanguinis", f [NLL p.41,1]; "profusio copiosissima sanguinis", f [NLL p.41,1]; "profluvium mortiferum sanguinis", n [NLL p.41,1]; finanzielle ~, f iactura rei domesticae, f [vet.; NLL p.41,1; GHL II,9]; damnum, i, n [vet.; NLL p.41,1; KLW p.257,2; GHL I,1879ff]

"Guillotine", f "machina Guillotiniana", f [NLL p.164,2]; "securis decidens", f [LMG p.209,1]; "machina detruncando", f [LMG p.281,1]; "securis mortifera", f [LMG p.281,1]

• *Krankheit, f morbus, i, m [vet.; LEA p.328f; LMG p.357,2; KLW p.530,1; GHL II,1004f]; aegror, oris, m [vet.; GHL I,176];
• *ansteckende Krankheit, f morbus contagiosus, m [LEA p.328f]; pestilentia, ae, f [vet.; LMG p.357,2; KLW p.598,2; GHL II,1668]; contagio, onis, f (ium, i, n) [vet.; LMG p.357,2; KLW p.239,1; GHL I,1588f]; lues, is, f [vet.; LMG p.357,2; KLW p.484,1; GHL II,721f];
• *chronische Krankheit, f morbus chronicus, m [LEA p.328f; NLL p.220,1]; morbus perdurans, m [NLL p.220,1]; morbus longus, m [vet.; LEA p.328f; GHL II,1004f];
• *endemische Krankheit, f morbus endemius, m [LEA p.328f];
• *epidemische Krankheit, f morbus epidemos, m [LEA p.328f];
• *habituelle Krankheit, f morbus habitualis, m [LEA p.328f];
• *pathologische Krankheit, f morbus pathologicus, m [NLL p.220,1];
• *psychische Krankheit, f morbus psychicus, m [LEA p.328f]; aegritudo, inis, f [vet.; LMG p.357,2; KLW p.83,2; GHL I,176];
• *"tödliche Krankheit", f "morbus mortifer", m [vet.; GHL II,1004f]
• *unheilbare Krankheit, f morbus insanabilis, m [vet.; GHL II,1004];
• *verheimlichte Krankheit, f morbus dissimulatus, m [LEA p.328f];
• *vorgetäuschte Krankheit, f morbus simulatus, m [LEA p.328f]

"todbringend" - "mortifer(us)", ra, rum [vet.; LEA p.555; LMG p.585,2; KLW p.530,2; GHL II,1016]; "letifer", ra, rum [vet.; LMG p.585,2; KLW p.472,1; GHL II,621]; "letificus", a, um [vet.; GHL II,621]; "letalis", is, e [vet.; KLW p.472,1; GHL II,621]

"todkrank" - "morbidos(issim)us", a, um [vet.; GHL II,1004]; morbo gravi affectus, a, um [LMG p.586,1];

"todkrank sein" - "mortifere aegrotare", 1 [vet.; GHL I,176f]; morbo exitiali aegrotare, 1 [LMG p.586,1]

"tödlich" - "letalis", is, e [vet.; NLL p.366,2; KLW p.472,1; GHL II,621]; "mortifer(us)", ra, rum [vet.; LMG p.586,1; KLW p.530,2; GHL II,1016]; letifer, ra, rum [vet.; LMG p.586,1; KLW p.472,1; GHL II,621]; exitialis, is, e [vet.; NLL p.366,2; KLW p.318,2; GHL I,2564]; exitiabilis, is, e [vet.; NLL p.366,2; KLW p.318,2; GHL I,2563f]; exitiosus, a, um [vet.; NLL p.366,2; KLW p.318,2; GHL I,2564]; capitalis, is, e [vet.; LMG p.586,1; KLW p.187,1; GHL I,979]; implacabilis, is, e [vet.; LMG p.586,1; GHL II,102]

"Todsünde", f - "peccatum mortiferum", n [vet.; LMG p.586,1; GHL II,1526]; peccatum mortale, n [VPL: Septem peccata mortalia (23.10,2016)]; nefas, n [vet.; LMG p.575,1; KLW p.541,2; GHL II,1128] ? Sünde

"Totschläger" (II), m - "mortificatorium", i, n [2016]; homicidatorium, i, n [216]; interfectorium, i, n [vet.; GHL II,366] {"instrumentum mortiferum"}

"Waffe", f "telum", i, n [vet.; LMG p.679,1]; "ferrum", i, n [vet.; LMG p.679,1]; ~n, f pl "arma", "orum", n pl [vet.; LMG p.679,1] - "Spielzeugwaffe"; "chemische Waffen", f pl "arma chemica", n pl [LEA p.603]; "konventionelle Waffen", f pl "arma usitata", n pl [NLL p.410,2]; "jemanden mit den eigenen Waffen schlagen" "suo gladio aliquem iugulare", 1 [LEA p.603]; "ex ipso bove lora sumere", 3 [LEA p.603]; "tödliche Waffen", f pl "arma mortifera", n pl [LEA p.603]; "verbotene Waffen", f pl "arma prohibita", n pl [LEA p.603]; "arma illicita", n pl [LEA p.603]

Thomas Cooper: Thesaurus Linguae Romanae et Britannicae

"Mórtifer", pen. cor. siue mortiferus, mortífera, mortíferum, pen. cor. Adiect. Cic.

"Dreadly": that causeth to die. Mortiferus serpentis ictus. Col. The deadly sting. Bellum mortiferum. Virg. Mortiferus dolor, apud Celsum sæpe legitur. Mortiferum fertum. Sil. Grauis & mortifer morbus. Cic. A grieuous and deadly disease. Plaga mortifera. Cic. Potio mortifera. Quintil. Præcepta mortifera pro salutaribus conscripserunt imperiti. Cic. Vrtica contactu mortifera. Plin. A nettle that with stinging killeth. Vulnus mortiferum. Liu.

"Mortífere", pen. cor. Aduerb.

"Deadly": to death. Ægrotabat mortiferè. He was sicke euen to death. Plin. Morticînus pen. prod. Adiect. Plin. Dead: of that which is dead: corrupt: carraine. Morticini. Keruels on the toes. Morticinæ ouis non patiuntur vesci carne. Var. Morticina caro, Carraine that dieth by it selfe.

...
The word "mortiferous" comes from Latin roots meaning "death" and "to bring".
...

mortiferous

parafernalia (W3)

• span. "parafernalia" f fam übertriebener Aufwand m
• span. "parafernalia" [-] ugs f Gepränge n; das Drum und Dran

"parafernalia": (engl. "Paraphernalia") Elementos varios y necesarios para completar un equipo - ritos o cosas que rodean ciertos actos y ceremonias.

parafernalia (W3)

N. van der Sijs (2001), Chronologisch Woordenboek

"parafernalia": bij iem. of iets behorende zaken 1961 [GVD]
P.A.F. van Veen en N. van der S?s (1997), Van Dale Etymologisch woordenboek

"parafernalia" [bij iem. of iets behorende zaken] {na 1950, vgl. "parafernalien" 1824 en "parafernele goedt" [eigen bezit, bezit van een gehuwde vrouw] ca. 1560} - middeleeuws latijn "paraphernalia" [eigendom door de vrouw ingebracht buiten de bruidsschat], o. mv. van het bn. "paraphernalis", van grieks "parapherna" (mv.) [huwelijksgoed dat de bruid naast haar bruidsschat met zich meebrengt], van "para" ["naast"] + "phernè" ["bruidsschat"], van "pherein" ["dragen", "brengen"].

ndl. "parafernalia" (de)

betekenis: toebehoren, dingen die bij iets of iemand horen

citaat: "Hier is tot eind april een grote collectie parafernalia uit een halve eeuw Top 40 te zien."

Bron: Erik de Zwart: Beeld en Geluid weigerde expositie Top 40 (PZC, 2 januari 2015)

Het Griekse "parapherna", waarop "parafernalia" teruggaat, bestaat uit "para" "naast" en "phernè" "bruidsschat". Het duidde op het bezit dat een bruid naast haar bruidsschat meebracht in het huwelijk.

Aanvankelijk werd "parafernalia" ook in het Nederlands gebruikt voor de "eigendommen van een gehuwde vrouw". Intussen is de betekenis ruimer: "bij iemand of iets behorende zaken". "Parafernalia" worden soms verzameld, bijvoorbeeld "Tweede Wereldoorlogparafernalia" of "Napoleonparafernalia". Het woord kan ook wat denigrerend gebruikt worden, voor "rommel".

Parafernalia - Stifte

• ital. "parafernale" agg bene parafernale Vorbehaltsgut m
• span. "parafernal" [-] bienes m/pl parafernales JUR Vorbehalts-, Sondergüter n/pl (der Ehefrau)
• span. "parafernales" JUR (bienes) parafernales m/pl Vorbehalts-, Sondergüter n/pl (der Ehefrau)
• span. "parafernalia" f fam übertriebener Aufwand m
• span. "parafernalia" [-] ugs f Gepränge n; das Drum und Dran

Die kleine Manufaktur Parafernalia fertigt seit 1968 in Mailand Schreibgeräte mit einem modernen und funktionellen Stil und hat sich einen Ruf als zeitlose Designmarke gemacht.

Zahlreiche Produkte sind in Museen, wie etwa dem MOMA in New York, ausgestellt. Zielgruppe dieser Kreationen sind designorientierte Menschen, die Produkte mit einem außergewöhnlichen und zeitlosen Design bevorzugen.

Das wohl berühmteste Schreibgerät von Parafernalia, "Revolution", wurde 1978 vom Designer Sergio Carpani kreiert. Es besteht aus 31 Einzelteilen und wird von Hand zusammengesetzt. Es soll die moderne Bauweise und Konstruktion architektonischer Objekte symbolisieren.

Parafernalia Revolution Ballpoint Pen

• ADMIRAL
• ALLUSTOCK
• FALTER 2D
• REVOLUTION
• WOODSTOCK

PARAFERNALIA® è il marchio italiano che dal 1968 concilia creatività, stile e funzionalità nella realizzazione di strumenti di scrittura come penne stilo, sfera, matite e accessori per la scrivania e per la persona. Prodotti che sono diventati segno dei tempi e silenziosi status-symbol, come la penna Revolution del 1978, un oggetto che ancora oggi esprime libertà e spirito creativo.
...

La penna: un piccolo oggetto che parla di noi in quest’epoca di Notebook, Smartphone, Tablet ed altri oggetti tecnologici, la penna rimane la regina dell’espressione scritta. A sfera o stilografica, è il modo più semplice e utilizzato per scrivere. Ma la penna non è unicamente uno strumento di scrittura ma anche un importante accessorio nelle vita di tutti i giorni.

PARAFERNALIA: strumenti di scrittura che riflettono uno stile giovane e trendy, per coloro che vogliono fare una scelta originale!

PARAFERNALIA® Is an Italian company that has combined creativity, style, modern aesthetics, and Italian functionality, with the most advanced technology.

PARAFERNALIA® writing instruments reflect a young and trendy style, for those who like to make original selections. Welcome to the world of PARAFERNALIA®.

pestifer (W3)

"PESTIFÈRE", adj.

Vx. "Qui communique la peste" (v. ce mot A 2 a) ou une autre maladie infectieuse. Un air pestifère. Il sort une vapeur pestifère. Une odeur pestifère (Ac. 1835, 1878). Le contact d'un mouchoir suffit pour communiquer la peste. Ce qu'il y a de singulier, c'est que les animalcules pestifères ne s'attachent ni aux bois, ni aux métaux, ni aux pierres; mais aux laines, aux cotons, aux soieries (BERN. DE ST-P., Harm. nat., 1814, p.189).

Prononc. et Orth.: []. Ac. 1694, 1718: "pestifere"; dep. 1740: -fère. Étymol. et Hist. Ca 1374 estoille pestifere (BERSUIRE, Tite-Live, ms. Ste-Gen., fo 129b ds GDF.). Empr. au lat. "pestifer" "qui apporte la ruine, désastreux, pestilentiel", comp. de "pestis" ("peste") et de "ferre" "porter".

• lat. "pestifer", fera, ferum : - 1 - "pernicieux", "funeste", "désastreux", "fatal", "ruineux". - 2 - "pestilentiel", "malsain", "empesté", "insalubre".
• lat. "pestifere", adv. : "d'une manière funeste", "d'une manière désastreuse".

"K. E. Georges, 1913": "pestifer", a, um ("pestis" u. "fero"), "Verderben bringend", "verderblich", "schädlich", "pestifer civis", Cic.: reditus, Cic.: calor, Plin.: "sudor pestifer", Cels.: vipera, Cic.: odor corporum, Liv.: aër, Lucan.: fulmina, Sen.

Occurrence Of Pestiferous Vespula spp In Northern Delaware
By: Lord, W D
In: Entomological news.
Publication info: Philadelphia : American Entomological Society, 1977

Synonymy of three pestiferous Matsucoccus scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Matsucoccidae) based on morphological and molecular evidence
By: Booth, Janie M - Gullan, Penny J
In: Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington.
Publication info: Washington : Entomological Society of Washington 2006

INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON HATCHING OF EGGS OF THE PESTIFEROUS SLUG LAEVICAULIS-ALTE FERUSSAC
By: Raut, S K - Panigarhi, A
In: Bollettino malacologico.
Publication info: Milano : Unione malacologica italiana 1988

Prevalence and dispersal of pestiferous Chironomidae in a lake front city of Central Florida.
In: Mosquito News
Publication info: 1983

Relationship between wing length and fecundity of a pestiferous midge, Glyptotendipes paripes (Diptera: Chironomidae).
In: Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association
Publication info: 1994

Pestiferous midges and their control in a shallow residential recreational lake in Southern California.
In: Mosquito News
Publication info: 1978

Perspectives on management of pestiferous Chironomidae (Diptera), an emerging global problem. [Review] [230 refs]
In: Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association
Publication info: 1991

Oviposition, hatching, and age composition of a pestiferous midge, Glyptotendipes paripes (Diptera: Chironomidae).
In: Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association
Publication info: 1994

Long-term (1980-94) population trends of pestiferous Chironomidae (Diptera) along a lakefront in central Florida.
In: Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association
Publication info: 1996

Laboratory evaluation of organophosphate and new synthetic pyrethroid insecticides against pestiferous Chironomid midges of Central Florida.
In: Mosquito News
Publication info: 1981

Algal Food Selection and Digestion by Larvae of the Pestiferous Chironomid Chironomus crassicaudatusUnder Laboratory Conditions
In: Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association
Publication info: 2004

Suitability of morphological parameters for instar determination of pestiferous midges Chironomus crassicaudatus and Glyptotendipes paripes (Diptera: Chironomidae) under laboratory conditions.
In: Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association
Publication info: 2002

Activity of organophosphate and synthetic pyrethroid insecticides against pestiferous midges in some Southern California flood control channels.
In: Mosquito News
Publication info: 1980

Larval case-making behavior of a pestiferous chironomid, Glyptotendipes paripes (Diptera: Chironomidae), with sand grains of different sizes.
In: Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association
Publication info: 1997

Evaluation of Agnique MMF in man-made ponds for the control of pestiferous chironomid midges (Diptera: Chironomidae).
In: Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association
Publication info: 2000

pestiferous

...
"Pest" nowadays usually refers to a smaller sibling who won’t leave you in peace. In Latin, however, "pestis", a noun of uncertain origin, means an "infectious deadly disease" and, by extension, "ruin", "destruction", "death". The Latin combining form "-ferus" ("-ferous" in English) is a derivation of the verb "ferre" "to carry", "to bear". The Latin root "fer-" derives from the very widespread Proto-Indo-European root "bher-" "to carry", "to bear" and appears in Greek "phérein" "to carry", Sanskrit "bhárati" "he carries", and Slavic (Czech) "beru" "I take". "Pestiferous" entered English in the 15th century.

"pestiferous"

mid-15c., "mischievous", "pernicious", figurative use of Latin "pestiferus" "that brings plague or destruction", variant of "pestifer" "bringing plague", "destructive", "noxious", from "pestis" "plague" (see "pest") + "ferre" "carry", from PIE root "*bher-" (1) "to carry", also "to bear children". Related: "Pestiferously"; "pestiferousness".

Henry VIII Restricts the Reading of the Bible (May 12, 1543)

Under Henry VIII the Parliament of England [Offsite Link] passed (34 & 35 Henry VIII, c. 1) The Act for the Advancement of True Religion [Offsite Link] , which restricted the reading of the Bible to clerics, noblemen, the gentry and richer merchants. Women of the gentry and nobility were only allowed to read the Bible in private.

The Act forbid the reading of the Bible in English by "women, artificers, apprentices, journeymen, serving-men of the rank of yeoman and under, husbandmen and laborers".

"The Act allowed moral plays to be performed if they promoted virtue and condemned vice but such plays were forbidden to contradict the interpretation of Scripture as set forth by the King.

"The Act claims that 'malicious minds have, intending to subvert the true exposition of Scripture, have taken upon them, by printed ballads, rhymes, etc., subtilly and craftily to instruct His Highness' people, and specially the youth of this his realm, untruly. For reformation whereof, His Majesty considereth it most requisite to purge his realm of all such books, ballads, rhymes, and songs, as be "pestiferous" and noisome'. However, the Act also commanded that 'all books printed before the year 1540, entituled Statutes, Chronicles, Canterbury Tales, Chaucer's books, Gower's books, and stories of men's lives, shall not be comprehended in the prohibition of this Act' (Wikipedia article on Act for the Advancement of True Religion, accessed 12-27-2009).

That there was need for such an act indicates that reading was relatively widespread in England at the time.

Hirsch, Printing, Selling and Reading 1450-1550 (1967) 94.

Filed under: Censorship , Education / Scholarship / Reading / Literacy , Religious Texts / Religion

"hellahaft"* 5, "hellihaft"*, ahd., Adj.: nhd. "höllisch", "teuflisch", "unheilvoll", "verderblich"; ne. infernal;

Übersetzungsgleichung: lat. (mortalis) Gl, ("pestifer") Gl, (perniciosus) Gl;

Quellenangaben: Gl (1. Viertel 9. Jh.);

Interferenz: lat. beeinflusst?;

Etymologie: s. hella, haft, EWAhd 4, 943;

Literaturhinweise:

• Seebold, Chronologisches Wörterbuch des deutschen Wortschatzes 2, 410b (hellahaft);

Sonstiges:

• TrT03 = Tegernseer Canones-Glossar (München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Clm 19417),
• TrT10 = Salzburger Canones-Glossar (Salzburg, Salzburger Museum Carolino Augusteum Hs. 2163) (1. Viertel 9. Jh.)

Ahdt. "tod" 336?, ahd., st. M. (a): nhd. "Tod", "Untergang"; ne. death;

Übersetzungsgleichung: lat. casus N, (crucificare) N, exitus N, fatum N, (finis) N, funus Gl, funera N, (inferi) N, (interficere) O, interitus N, NGl, (languor) N, letum Gl, mors APs, B, Gl, I, MF, MH, N, NGl, O, Ph, PT=T, RhC, T, WH, mortalitas N, O, mortifer (= "tod traganti") Gl, (mortuus) NGl, O, Ph, necromantia Gl, nex Gl, obitus N, occasus N, occidere (V.) (1) (= tod geban) N, "pestifer" (= "tod traganti") Gl, (supplicium) Gl, MF;

Verweise: s. lib-, *mord-, skant-;

Hinweis: vgl. anfrk. dod* (2), as. doth*;

Quellenangaben: APs, B, FT, GB, Gl (765), I, L, M, MF, MH, N, NGl, O, OT, Ph, PT, RhC, T, WH;

Interferenz: Lbd. lat. mortalitas?;

Etymologie: germ. *dauþu-, *dauþuz, st. M. (u), Tod; s. idg. *d?eu- (2), V., Sb., hinschwinden, sterben, Tod, Pokorny 260;

Weiterleben: mhd. tot, st. M., Tod; nhd. Tod, M., Tod, DW 21, 537;

Redewendungen: tod beranti: nhd. todbringend; ne. deadly;

Übersetzungsgleichung: lat. mortifer Gl;

Redewendungen: "tod traganti": nhd. todbringend; ne. deadly;

Übersetzungsgleichung: lat. mortifer Gl;

Redewendungen: mit todu weigen: nhd. zu Tode bringen; ne. bring to death;

Redewendungen: in tode bituon: nhd. sterben lassen; ne. let die;

Literaturhinweise:

• Seebold, Chronologisches Wörterbuch des deutschen Wortschatzes 2, 855b (tod);

Sonstiges:

• Tgl01 = Sankt Pauler Lukasglossen (Sankt Paul, Stiftsarchiv 1/8),
• Tgl03b = Paulus-Glossen der Winithar-Handschrift (Sankt Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek 70),
• Tgl054 = Tegernseer Cura-Glossen II (München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Clm 27152),
• Tgl059 = Darmstädter Eutychglossen (Darmstadt, Hessische Landes- und Hochschulbibliothek 739),
• Tglr Rb = großes Reichenauer Bibel-Glossar (Karlsruhe, Badische Landesbibliothek Aug. IC = XCIX),
• Wba01 = Wörterbuchglosse Abrogans (Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale lat. 7640),
• Wba02 = Samanunga (Wien, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek Cod. 162),
• Wba03 = Affatim-Glossar (Oxford, Bodleian Library Jun. 25)

Althdt. "tragan" (1) 166, ahd., st. V. (6): nhd. "tragen", "ertragen" (V.), "befördern", "bringen", "herbeibringen", "zurücktragen", "empfangen" (V.), "haben", "vertreten" (V.), "bei sich tragen", "bei sich haben", "die Grundlage bilden für", "einer Sache Rechnung tragen", "sich erstrecken", "weitergehen"; ne. "carry" (V.), "bear" (V.), "bring", "have";

Übersetzungsgleichung: lat. "accipere" (= "in hanton tragan") O,

• "afferre" N, "agere"? Gl, "apportare" Gl, "artifex" (= "list traganti") Gl, ("assumere") N, "baiulare" B, T, "baiulus" (= "traganter") Gl, "capax esse" N,
• "conferre" Gl,
• "efferre" Gl, T,
• "ferre" Gl, N, T, "fetosus" (= "traganti") Gl, "flammiger" (= "lougun traganti") Gl, "gerere" Gl, MH, N, "gerulus" (= "traganter") Gl, "gestare" MH, N, ("gestare") Gl, "grandaevus" (= "gitragan") N, "importare" Gl, "in gestatorio" (= "in traganti") Gl, "ingerere" N, "melotes" (= "daz fel munihha fora im tragant") Gl, ("mittere") WH,
• "mortifer" (= "tod traganti") Gl, "nugigerulus" (= "unnuzzi traganti") Gl,
• ("oniferus") O, "pati" Gl, N,
• "perferre" Gl,
• "pestifer" (= "tod traganti") Gl, "planthera" (= "den man zi kruzi tragit") Gl, "portare" B, Gl, I, MH, N, NGl, O, RhC, T, "portator" (= "traganter") Gl,
• "praeferre" N, (quinque panes) "habere" O, "praetendere" N,
• "referre" Gl, "reportare" B, Gl,
• "salutifer" (= "heil traganti") Gl,
• "sufferre" N, "sumere" Gl, ("susceptibilis") N, "suscipere" N, "sustinere" N, "tolerare" N, "tollere" N, "torquere" Gl, "uti moribus" (= "site tragan") N, ("vegitare") Gl, "vehi" Gl;
  
  Verweise: s. "afurtragan", "anatragan", "firtragan", "framtragan", "furitragan", "gitragan", "intragan", "inttragan", "mititragan", "ufintragan", "uztragan", "zitragan", "zisamanetragan", "zuotragan";
  
  Hinweis: vgl. anfrk. "dragan"*, as. "dragan";
  
  Quellenangaben: B, GB, Gl (765), I, MH, N, NGl, O, OT, RhC, T, WH;
  
  Interferenz: Lbd. lat. "suscipere";
  
  Etymologie: germ. "*dragan", st. V., "ziehen", "schleppen"; idg. "*dheragh-, V., "ziehen", "schleifen" (V.) (2), Pokorny 257?; s. idg. "*tragh-", "*trogh-", V., Sb., "ziehen", "schleppen", "laufen", "Nachkommen" (N.), Pokorny 1089?;
  
  Weiterleben: mhd. "tragen", st. V., "tragen", "haben", "besitzen", "ertragen"; nhd. "tragen", st. V., "tragen", DW 21, 1048;
  
  Redewendungen: "gitragan", (Part. Prät. =)Adj.: nhd. "getragen", "ehrwürdig"; ne. "venerable";
  
  Übersetzungsgleichung: lat. "grandaevus" Gl;
  
  Redewendungen: "ana sih tragan": nhd. "auf sich nehmen"; ne. "take on o.s.";
  
  Redewendungen: "traganti", (Part. Präs. =)Adj.: nhd. "trächtig"; ne. "pregnant";
  
  Übersetzungsgleichung: lat. "fetosus" Gl;
  
  Redewendungen: "traganter", (Part. Präs. subst. =)M.: nhd. "Lastträger"; ne. "carrier";
  
  Übersetzungsgleichung: lat. "baiulus" Gl;
  
  Redewendungen: "tod traganti": nhd. "Tod bringend"; ne. "death bringing";
  
  Übersetzungsgleichung: lat. "mortifer" Gl, "pestifer" Gl;
  
  Redewendungen: "unnuzzi traganti": nhd. "Unnützes bringend"; ne. "bringing useless";
  
  Übersetzungsgleichung: lat. "nugigerulus" Gl;
  
  Redewendungen: "lougun traganti", (Part. Präs. =) Adj.: nhd. "flammentragend"; ne. "carrying flames";
  
  Übersetzungsgleichung: lat. "flammiger" Gl;
  
  Literaturhinweise:
  • Seebold, Chronologisches Wörterbuch des deutschen Wortschatzes 2, 856b ("tragan");
  
  
  Sonstiges:
  • MrT01 = Regensburger Mischglossar (München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Clm 14747),
  • Tgl05 = Würzburger Homiliar (Würzburg, Universitätsbibliothek M. p. th. f. 28),
  • Tgl10 = Glossen im Maihinger Evangeliar (Augsburg, Universitätsbibliothek Cod. I. 2. 4° 2),
  • Tgl041 = Lorscher Glossen zu Predigten (Rom, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana Pal. lat. 220),
  • Tglr Rb = großes Reichenauer Bibel-Glossar (Karlsruhe, Badische Landesbibliothek Aug. IC = XCIX),
  • TrA01 = Alphabetisches Reichenauer Bibelglossar (Karlsruhe, Badische Landesbibliothek Aug. IC bzw. XCIX),
  • Wba01 = Wörterbuchglosse Abrogans (Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale lat. 7640),
  • Wba02 = Samanunga (Wien, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek Cod. 162),
  • Wba03 = Affatim-Glossar (Oxford, Bodleian Library Jun. 25),
  im Idg. gibt es keine lautlich und bedeutungsmäßig genau entsprechende Vegleichsmöglichkeit, vorausgesetzt wäre "dhragh".
  
  "wuolhaft"* 1, ahd., Adj.: nhd. "verderblich"; ne. pernicious;
  
  Übersetzungsgleichung: lat. "pestifer" Gl;
  
  Quellenangaben: Gl (4. Viertel 8. Jh.);
  
  Interferenz: Lüt. lat. "pestifer"?;
  
  Etymologie: s. wuol*, haft;
  
  Sonstiges:
  • Tgl02 = Freisinger Moralia-Glossen (München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Clm 6300) (4. Viertel 8. Jh.)
  
  

"hellahaft" ...

"tobunga"* 5, ahd., st. F. (o): nhd. "Wahnsinn", "törichtes Zeug", "Unsinn", "wahnsinniges Gerede", "Rasen" (N.); ne. insanity;

Übersetzungsgleichung: lat. deliramentum Gl, T;

Quellenangaben: Gl, OT, T (830);

Interferenz: Lüs. lat. deliramentum;

Etymologie: s. toben, tobon;

Weiterleben: nhd. (ält.) Tobung, F., Toben, Rasen (N.), DW 21, 532tod 336?, ahd., st. M. (a): nhd. Tod, Untergang; ne. death;

Übersetzungsgleichung: lat. casus N, (crucificare) N, exitus N, fatum N, (finis) N, funus Gl, funera N, (inferi) N, (interficere) O, interitus N, NGl, (languor) N, letum Gl, mors APs, B, Gl, I, MF, MH, N, NGl, O, Ph, PT=T, RhC, T, WH, mortalitas N, O, "mortifer" (= "tod traganti") Gl, (mortuus) NGl, O, Ph, necromantia Gl, nex Gl, obitus N, occasus N, occidere (V.) (1) (= tod geban) N, "pestifer" (= "tod traganti") Gl, (supplicium) Gl, MF;

Verweise: s. lib-, *mord-, skant-;

Hinweis: vgl. anfrk. dod* (2), as. doth*;

Quellenangaben: APs, B, FT, GB, Gl (765), I, L, M, MF, MH, N, NGl, O, OT, Ph, PT, RhC, T, WH;

Interferenz: Lbd. lat. mortalitas?;

Etymologie: germ. *dauþu-, *dauþuz, st. M. (u), Tod; s. idg. *d?eu- (2), V., Sb., hinschwinden, sterben, Tod, Pokorny 260;

Weiterleben: mhd. tot, st. M., Tod; nhd. Tod, M., Tod, DW 21, 537;

Redewendungen: tod beranti: nhd. todbringend; ne. deadly;

Übersetzungsgleichung: lat. "mortifer" Gl;

Redewendungen: "tod traganti": nhd. todbringend; ne. deadly;

Übersetzungsgleichung: lat. "mortifer" Gl;

Redewendungen: mit todu weigen: nhd. zu Tode bringen; ne. bring to death;

Redewendungen: in tode bituon: nhd. sterben lassen; ne. let die;

Sonstiges:

• Tgl01, Tgl03b, Tglr Rb

"tragan" ...

"wuolhaft" ...

"hellahaft" ...

"tobunga" ...

"tragan" ...

"wuolhaft" ...

"pestifer", lat., Adj.: nhd. "Verderben bringend", "verderblich", "schädlich";

Quellenangaben: Novius;

Etymologie: s. "pestis";

Literaturhinweise:

Walde/Hofmann 2, 296

"pestifer", lat., Adj.: nhd.° "verderblich", "schädlich", Gg;

Quellenangaben: I, B, Vis, ConcK2=Conc3

"Ansteckung", f "contagio (morbi)", f [vet.; LEA p.81; NLL p.28,1; LMG p.47,2; GHL I,1588f]; "contagio pestifera", f [vet.; GHL I,1588f]

"Péstifer", penult. cor. Adiect.

That bringeth pestilence: mortall: deadly: % bringeth death & destruction: vnwholsom. vt, Fulmen pestiferum. Fest. A lightning signisiyng plage to come. Taurorum sanguis pestifer potu. Plin. Buls blcud is poysonous and mortal to be drunke. Aer pestifer. Claud. A verie vnholesome and pestilent aire. Amor pestifer. Sen. Aquæ pestiferæ. Val. Flac. Arma pestifera. Sen. Bellum pestiferum. Cic. Mortal and deadly warre. Calor pestifer. Plin. Ciues pestiferi. Ci. Pernicious and very naughtie citizens. Pestifera exhalatio. Plin. A pestilent vapour. Fames pestifera. Ouid. Gaudium pestiferum. Liu. Ignis pestifer. Ouid. Manus pesufera. Ouid. Crudelis & pestifer reditus alicuius. Ci. Ones return shewing much crueltie and destruction of men. A pestiferis & nocentibus rebus refugere. Cic. Pestifer ac funestus Tribunatus. Cic. Venter pestifer. Ouid. Venenata & pestifera vipera. Cic. Virus pestiferum. Ouid. Vitia pestifera, luxuria, auaritia, crudelitas. Cic. Pernicious vices.

"Pestífere", pe. cor. Aduerbium. Ci

Mischieuously: pernicicusly: with great hurte and dannger of other. Pestílitas. pen. cor. pestilitâtis, f. g. Idem quod pestis. Lucr. Petalides. Fat hogges. Petalismus. A kind of banishing in the citie of Syracuse, practised by writing the name of the partie in oliue leaues, like as in Athens they did in shels wherof came Ostracismus.

"Pestiferus", pen. cor. Aliud adiectiuum, Idem: vt, Sudor pestiferus. Cels.

A contagious and pernicious sweate.

"verderblich" "corruptibilis", is, e [vet.; NLL p.393,1; KLW p.246,1]; perniciosus, a, um [vet.; LMG p.639,2; KLW p.595,1]; exitiosus, a, um [vet.; LMG p.639,2; KLW p.318,2]; exitia(bi)lis, is, e [vet.; KLW p.318,2]; ruinosus, a, um [vet.; NLL p.393,1]; "pestifer", a, um [vet.; LMG p.639,2; KLW p.598,2]; funestus, a, um [vet.; LMG p.639,2; KLW p.347,1]; mutabilis, is, e [vet.; NLL p.393,1; KLW p.534,1] {quod, vitiari potest [NLL p.393,1]}; leicht ~ corruptibilis, is, e [vet.; LEA p.582; KLW p.246,1]

...
(2) «Com heresias e manha / viimos ho falso Luterio / converter em Alemanha / tanta gente que he façanha / na moor força do imperio; / contra nossa fee pregando / e do papa brasphemando / dos bispos, dos cardeaes, / venceo batalhas campaes / ha gram gente do seu bando, / Com sua lingua maligna / e preceptos deshonestos / semea sua doctrina / chea de luxuria indigna / e vergonhosos incestos; / ho que mais deve doer / he que veemos extender / este veneno a mais terras / e com "pestiferas" guerras / tarda remedio põer» a.1554 Garcia de Resende, Miscellanea 580-581 [gereimte Fassung].

[Wir sahen den falschen Luther mit Ketzereien und List in Deutschland so viele Menschen bekehren, gegen unseren Glauben predigen und den Papst, die Bischöfe und Kardinäle verfluchen, dass es im Reich als Heldentat betrachtet wird. Mit vielen Leuten seiner Bande gewann er Feldschlachten. Mit seiner bösen Zunge und unschicklichen Geboten sät er seine Lehre voller schmählicher Unzucht und schändlicher Inzeste. Das was am meisten schmerzt, ist mitanzusehen, wie sich dieses Gift mit "verpesteten" Kriegen auf weite Gebiete ausbreitet. Dem muss dringend Einhalt geboten werden.]
...

...
First Soldier

There is no remedy, sir, but you must die: the
general says, you that have so traitorously
discovered the secrets of your army and made such
"pestiferous" reports of men very nobly held, can
serve the world for no honest use; therefore you
must die. Come, headsman, off with his head.
...

...
GLOUCESTER

Presumptuous priest! this place commands my patience,
Or thou shouldst find thou hast dishonour’d me.
Think not, although in writing I preferr’d
The manner of thy vile outrageous crimes,
That therefore I have forged, or am not able
Verbatim to rehearse the method of my pen:
No, prelate; such is thy audacious wickedness,
Thy lewd, "pestiferous" and dissentious pranks,
...

Shakespeare concordance: all instances of "pestiferous"

"pestiferous" occurs 2 times in 2 speeches within 2 works.
...

• All's Well That Ends Well (1)
• Henry VI, Part I (1)

...

Search results: Search phrase: pestiferous

Plays 2 result(s).

• All's Well That Ends Well - AW IV.iii.297 - "pestiferous" reports of men very nobly held, can serve
• Henry VI Part 1 - 1H6 III.i.15 - Thy lewd, "pestiferous", and dissentious pranks,

Poems 0 result(s).

Glossary 1 result(s).

"pestiferous": "pestilent", "mischievous", "pernicious"

"pestiferous", adj.

• 1. a. Producing or breeding infectious disease.
• 1. b. Infected with or contaminated by an epidemic disease.
• 2. Morally evil or deadly; pernicious.
• 3. Bothersome; annoying.

[Middle English, from Latin "pestiferus", variant of "pestifer": "pestis", "pestilence"; see "pest" + -"fer", "-fer".]
...

frz. "PESTIFERÉ", (Gram.) [Grammaire] unknown (Page 12:458)

"PESTIFERÉ", adj. (Gram.) "qui est attaqué de la peste". Voyez "Peste".

"peste" f. [FEW 8, 310b lt. "PESTIS" - FEW 8, 310b; FEW 8, 310b; DiStefLoc 669; LexMA VI, 1915. - RLiR 20, 88; Rbph 52/2, 273ff.?]

("peste" FevresS 13b-24; 15-13?)

"maladie épidémique, surtout celle qui produit des bubons" (FevresS 13b-24; 15-13, RLiR 20, 88; Rbph 52/2, 273ff, FEW 8, 310b; FEW 8, 310b; DiStefLoc 669; LexMA VI, 1915)

Cf. DMF "peste".

"pestifere" adj.

[TL 7,844,32; TLF Bd 13, 169b; FEW 8, 309b.]

"qui porte la peste" (TL 7,844,32; TLF Bd 13, 169b; FEW 8, 309b)

Cf. DMF "pestifère".

"pestiferer" v.

[FEW 8, 309b.] (E?)(L?) https://www.wordnik.com/words/pestiferous

"pestiferous"

Definitions
...
Etymologies

from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition

Middle English, from Latin "pestiferus", variant of "pestifer": pestis, pestilence; see "pest" + "-fer", "-fer".

from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License

Mid 15th century, in sense "mischievous", "pernicious", from Latin "pestiferus" ("bearing plague"), from "pestifer", from "pestis" ("plague") + "ferre" ("carry") (see "infer").

("pestiférés" EspVerlinden 171?)

"corrombre" (EspVerlinden 171, FEW 8, 309b)

Cf. DMF "pestiférer".

"pesté" m.

[LevyTrés.]

"puanteur" (LevyTrés)

Saint Charles Borromée administrant la communion aux pestiférés de Milan

Bertholet Flemalle, Saint Charles Borromée et les pestiférés (Cathédrale St-Paul, Liège)

Charles Borromée soignant les pestiférés, Paris, église Saint-Nicolas-du-Chardonnet.

...
Origin of "pestiferous": Middle English from Classical Latin "pestiferus" from "pestis", "plague" + "ferre", "to bear"
...

projetbabel.org
La famille FERTILE

Patriarche indoeuropéen : "*BhER-" [1], "porter", "apporter"

Les branches

1. Le principal ancêtre latin de cette famille est le verbe "ferre" = "porter" (dans son ventre), "supporter", "rapporter", "raconter". Nombre de mots français qui en sont issus se reconnaissent à ce radical "-fer-":

"fertile", "circonférence", "conférence", "déférence", "différence", "différend", "différent", "florifère", "fructifère", "légiférer", "mammifère", "pétrolifère", "préférer", "proférer", "proliférer", "référence", "référendum", "référer", "somnifère", "transférer", "vociférer" ...

2. Les principaux ancêtres grecs de cette famille sont les mots "pherein" = "porter", "phora" = "action de porter", etc. Nombre de mots français qui en sont issus se reconnaissent à ces radicaux "-phér-" ou "-phor-":

"périphérie", "périphérique", "téléphérique" (ou "téléférique"); "métaphore", "amphore", "phosphore", "euphorique", "doryphore", "sémaphore", "coccolithophore", ...

3. Le verbe latin "ferre", défectif, a dû emprunter certaines de ses formes, notamment son parfait "tuli" et son participe passé "latus" (zu "tlatus"), à une autre famille indoeuropéenne ("*tel-", "*tol-", "*tla-" = "soulever", "supporter") représentée en grec par "Atlas", le dieu qui soutient les colonnes du ciel ("Atlantique"), et en latin par le verbe "tollere" = "soulever", "enlever", auquel s’apparente "tolerare" = "porter", "supporter". Le lien sémantique entre ces deux familles latines se retrouve en français dans des couples formellement apparentés et complémentaires comme "référence" / "relation", "transfert" / "translation", etc.

Voici d’autres mots en "-lat-" et "-tol-" qui dérivent de cette source :

"tolérance", "tolérer", "tollé", "ablatif", "ablation", "collation", "collationner", "corrélation", "délateur", "délation", "dilatoire", "législatif", "prélat", "relater", "relatif", "relativement", "relativité", "superlatif", ...

4. "bière" (= "cercueil"; surtout employé dans la locution nominale mise en bière) est probablement le seul membre de la famille qui soit d’origine germanique: issu du francique "*bera" = "brancard", il désigne originellement la civière sur laquelle on portait les malades, les blessés et spécialement les morts, et que l’on abandonnait fréquemment comme ultime couche avec ces derniers [2]. Quand l’usage du cercueil se répandit, "bière" commença par métonymie à désigner un cercueil de bois (fin XIIe s.). Avant le XVIe s., il abandonna à civière son sens étymologique de « brancard » tout en le conservant dans certains dialectes de l’Est.

Les invités masqués

1. De "-fer-", ils cachent le "e":

– "offrir", du bas latin "offerire", du latin classique "offerre" = "présenter", "offrir", "montrer". Dérivés : "offrande", "offre".

– "souffrir", du bas latin "sufferire", du latin classique "sufferre" = "porter sous", "supporter". Dérivés : "souffrant", "souffrance".

2. De "-phor-", il ne montre que le "-ph-":

"Christophe", du grec "Christophoros", celui qui, selon la légende, a porté le Christ sur ses épaules. C’est le saint patron des voyageurs; on peut encore lire sur certaines médailles représentant la scène: « Regarde saint Christophe et va-t’en rassuré. »

"Nicéphore", lui, porte ostensiblement la victoire, mais en compagnie de "Véronique" et de "Bérénice", plus discrètes.

3. Il est méconnaissable :

"ampoule", du latin "ampulla" = "fiole", diminutif de "ampora" ou "amphora" = "amphore", du grec "amphoreus", littéralement "instrument porté des deux côtés", et donc "jarre à deux anses", "amphore".

Curiosités

1. "collation" est issu du latin médiéval "collatio", de "collatus", participe passé de "conferre" = "conférer". Ce fut d’abord la "conférence" avant le repas des moines, d’où son sens actuel de "repas léger". Un sens encore plus ancien, « action de comparer entre eux des manuscrits, textes, documents », est conservé dans les dérivés "collationner" et "collationnement".

2. "Diafoirus": nom de famille donné par Molière aux célèbres médecins de son « Malade Imaginaire ». Ce nom de "Diafoirus" est un savant amalgame concocté à partir du grec "diaphoros" = "différent", "qui surpasse les autres", et du français "foireux", lui-même issu du latin "foria" = "diarrhée", mot d’origine obscure. De Monsieur Purgon (allusion claire aux purges et purgatifs) aux "Diafoirus" en passant par l’administrateur de clystères, Monsieur Fleurant (de "fleurer", « dégager une odeur »), on voit que Molière ne répugnait pas à la métaphore scatologique pour faire rire son public.

3. "Lucifer": littéralement "le porte-lumière". Dans la tradition chrétienne, c’est le beau nom de Satan, le prince des démons déchus du Ciel. Son nom rime avec "enfer", mais ce dernier est d’une autre famille (voir plus loin).

Le premier élément du mot, "luci-", est issu de la racine indoeuropéenne "*LEUK-", patriarche d’une riche famille dans laquelle on trouve quantité de mots relatifs à la lumière: "lumière", "allumer", "luire", "illustrer", "lucide", "illuminer", "lune", etc.

4. "prolifère" est un mot de création relativement récente (1766). Son suffixe "-fère", que l’on retrouve dans "somnifère", "pétrolifère", etc. est tiré du latin "fer" = "qui porte", du verbe "ferre" (branche 1).

Son premier élément, "proli-", est tiré du latin "proles" = "lignée", "enfants", "famille" (- fr. "prolifique", "prolétaire" = "celui qui n’est considéré utile que par les enfants qu’il engendre"). Dérivés : "proliférer", "prolifération".

5. "tollé" est issu de l’impératif présent "tolle" du verbe "tollere" vu plus haut; il signifie donc "Prends!" "Enlève!" "Supprime!". C’est, dans le texte de la Vulgate, le cri des Juifs demandant à Ponce Pilate la condamnation à mort de Jésus.

6. Pour "oblat" et "oublie", voir Forum Babel.

7. "coccolithophore": mot formé du grec "kokkos" = ""grain", "lithos" = "pierre", et "phoreô" = "porter" (= "qui porte des grains de pierre").

Les "coccolithophores" sont parmi les êtres vivants les plus fascinants de la nature. Ils fascinent par

- leur grande beauté : de la dentelle de pierre !

- leur échelle : ils sont microscopiques, mais leurs énormes colonies de dizaines ou de centaines de kilomètres peuvent être observées à partir de satellites.

- l'importance qu'ils ont sur le climat: extraction de masses énormes de CO2 atmosphérique et stockage du carbone au fond des océans par la sédimentation de leurs exosquelettes calcaires (carbonate de calcium).

- l'impact sur le paysage : ces individus de quelques microns peuvent produire des sédiments de 100 m d'épaisseur (craie). Paris est construite en coccolithes (leurs exosquelettes). Notre-Dame de Paris est faite de coccolithes. Sa grande rosace rappelle les coccolithes dont elle est faite !

Homonymes et faux frères

1. Il y a "bière" et "bière"!

La "bière" que l’on boit nous vient du verbe latin "bibere" = "boire", mais après un détour par les terres et gorges germaniques. C’est au XVe s. que la "bière" a évincé la gauloise "cervoise". Le mot nouveau correspondait à une technique nouvelle, la bière avec houblon. Les mots moyen haut allemand et moyen néerlandais "bier", auxquels répond le vieil anglais "beor", remontent au latin monastique "biber" = "boisson", substantivation de "biber", forme tronquée de l’infinitif "bibere".

Dérivés : "boire", "boisson", "buveur", "beuverie", "bibendum", "imbu", "fourbu", ... [3]

2. Il y a "souffrant" et "souffreteux"!

"souffreteux" est issu d’un latin populaire "*suffracta" = "choses retranchées", féminin substantivé de "*suffractus", participe passé de "*suffrangere", altération du latin classique "suffringere" = "rompre", "briser par le bas" (Voir famille "BRÈCHE"), d’où l’ancien français "soufraindre" = "manquer", "faire défaut", dont la variante "souffraindre" a évidemment subi l’influence de "souffrir". Du dénuement à la petite "souffrance", il n’y avait qu’un pas que les similitudes formelles ont permis de franchir aisément. C’est un cas typique d’évolution du sens lié à une étymologie populaire.

3. "décollation" (comme celle de Saint Jean-Baptiste, souvent représentée en peinture) est de la famille "COL"; elle n’a de rapport ni avec la "collation" vue plus haut ni avec le verbe "décoller", antonyme de "coller".

4. "enfer" est issu du latin chrétien "infernus" ou "infernum", du latin classique "inferni" = "séjour des âmes", de "infernus" = "d’en bas", doublet de "infer" / "inferus" = "au-dessous", dont le superlatif est "infimus".

Dérivés : "infra-", "inférieur", "infériorité", "infime", "infernal".

5. "fer" est issu du latin "ferrum", d’origine inconnue.

Dérivés : "ferrer", "ferrure", "ferrugineux", "ferraille", "ferronnerie", "ferroviaire", "ferreux".

6. "ferry" est l’abréviation de "ferry-boat" ou "car-ferry" = "bateau transportant les passagers et leurs voitures". C’est un membre de la branche germanique de la famille "PORT", racine "*PER-(T)-" = "traverser".

7. "féru" et "interférer" sont d’une autre famille. Le premier est directement issu de l’ancien verbe "férir" et le deuxième de son dérivé préfixé "s’entreférir" = "se battre", du latin "ferire" = "frapper" (cf. la locution "sans coup férir" et l’espagnol "herir" = "blesser", anciennement "ferir"). La forme actuelle (en "-férer") s’explique par le retour récent au français de mots jadis empruntés par l’anglais ("interfere").

Dérivé : "interférence".

8. Les mots suivants en "lat-" sont sans rapport avec "latus", participe passé de "ferre", qui a deux homonymes, un nom et un adjectif, lesquels n’ont pas non plus de rapport entre eux:

– "latéral" est issu du latin "lateralis", du nom "latus", gén. "lateris" = "côté".

– "latitude" est issu de l’adjectif "latus" = "large". Dérivés : "latifundium", "dilater", "dilatation".

L’adjectif "dilatoire" est sans rapport avec le verbe "dilater"; lié par défection au verbe "différer", il est bien de la famille (branche 3).

– "latent" est issu du latin "latens", participe présent du verbe "latere" = "être caché". Dérivé : "latence".

9. Aucun mot en "-ferm-" n’est de la famille. Ni "féroce", ni "férule", ni "fervent".

Dans d’autres langues indoeuropéennes

esp. "ampolla", "diferencia", "diferente", "feraz", "féretro", "fértil", "ofrecer"

port. "conferir", "diferença", "diferente", "féretro", "fértil", "oferecer", "sofrer"

it. "bara", "barella", "conferenza", "differenza", "ferace", "feretro", "fertile", "offrire"

angl. "barn", "bear", "bier", "birth", "burden", "confer", "difference", "different", "offer", "paraphernalia"

all. "Bahre", "Bürde", "Fruchtbar", "gebären", "Gebühr", "Geburt", "Konferenz"

Notes

1- Il est normal qu’au son /bh/ à l’initiale en indoeuropéen correspondent les sons /f/ en latin et en grec, et /b/ en germanique. Cette racine ne doit pas être confondue avec ses homonymes: "*BhER-2" d'où sont issus "férir" et "interférer", "*BhER-3" d'où est issu "brun", et "*BhER-4" d'où est issu "frire".

2- Ce brancard mortuaire était dénommé "feretrum" en latin; ce dernier mot est l’étymon de l’équivalent de notre "bière" dans les autres langues romanes.

3- Pour exprimer la notion de "boire", le latin utilisait aussi et surtout le verbe "potare" (- fr. "potion", "potable", "poison").

Le latin "potare" et le grec "pinein" rendent bien compte d’une synonymie "*PO-" / "*PI-" qui remonte à l’indoeuropéen et explique la coexistence en latin des deux verbes "potare" et "bibere". Cette dernière forme est due à une sonorisation de "pi-" en "bi-" et à un redoublement de la syllabe obtenue. Malgré sa plus grande fréquence en latin, "potare" a été évincé par "bibere" dans les langues romanes.

Sur la "bière", voir aussi Forum Babel.

Secostruma lethifera (W3)

Secostruma lethifera

Taxonomic History (provided by Barry Bolton, 2022)

"Secostruma lethifera" Bolton, 1988c PDF: 265, figs. 1-4 (w.) BORNEO (East Malaysia: Sabah). Indomalaya. Primary type information: Primary type material: holotype worker. Primary type locality: Malaysia: Sabah, Gn. Silam, 810 m., 1983, A18/9.2, soil sample (R. Leakey). Primary type depository: BMNH. AntCat AntWiki HOL
...

Secostruma

A monotypic genus known from a single worker of Secostruma lethifera. This holotype was collected "from a soil-core sample taken on the forested slopes of Gunong Silam, Sabah."
...

Secostruma lethifera

Scientific classification

• Kingdom: Animalia
• Phylum: Arthropoda
• Class: Insecta
• Order: Hymenoptera
• Family: Formicidae
• Subfamily: Myrmicinae
• Tribe: Crematogastrini
• Genus: Secostruma
• Species: S. lethifera
• Binomial name: Secostruma lethifera, Bolton, 1988

The only species in its genus, this ant is known from a single worker. Based on the collection information (soil sample) and worker morphology, Bolton (1988) inferred: "Secostruma is well adapted for a subterranean and apparently carnivorous lifeway. It has vestigial eyes, large powerful mandibles, and a striking modification of the gaster which, it is postulated, is specialized to bring the sting into play in confined spaces or tunnels in the earth."
...

Secostruma lethifera

"Secostruma" is a genus of subterranean ants in the subfamily "Myrmicinae" containing the single species "Secostruma lethifera". The genus is known from a single worker collected in Gunong Silam, Sabah, Malaysia.
...

wordinfo.info
-fer
-ferous

"-fer", "-ferous": (Latin: "to bear", "to carry"; "to produce"; "to bring"

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