Etymologie, Etimología, Étymologie, Etimologia, Etymology, (griech.) etymología, (lat.) etymologia, (esper.) etimologio
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Etymologische Verwandtschaften, Bekanntschaften und Assoziationen
ist, *bheu-

be (engl.) (W3)

"be" (v.)

Old English "beon", "beom", "bion" = "be", "exist", "come to be", "become", "happen", from Proto-Germanic "*biju-" = "I am", "I will be". This "b-root" is from PIE root "*bheue-" = "to be", "exist", "grow", and in addition to the words in English it yielded German present first and second person singular ("bin", "bist", from Old High German "bim" = "I am", "bist" = "thou art"), Latin perfective tenses of "esse" ("fui" = "I was", etc.), Old Church Slavonic "byti" = "be", Greek "phu-" = "become", Old Irish "bi'u" = "I am", Lithuanian "buti" = "to be", Russian "byt'" = "to be", etc.

The modern verb "to be" in its entirety represents the merger of two once-distinct verbs, the "b-root" represented by "be" and the "am/was" verb, which was itself a conglomerate. Roger Lass ("Old English") describes the verb as "a collection of semantically related paradigm fragments", while Weekley calls it "an accidental conglomeration from the different Old English dial[ect]s." It is the most irregular verb in Modern English and the most common. Collective in all Germanic languages, it has eight different forms in Modern English:

• "BE" (infinitive, subjunctive, imperative);
• "AM" (present 1st person singular);
• "ARE" (present 2nd person singular and all plural);
• "IS" (present 3rd person singular);
• "WAS" (past 1st and 3rd persons singular);
• "WERE" (past 2nd person singular, all plural; subjunctive);
• "BEING" (progressive & present participle; gerund);
• "BEEN" (perfect participle).

The paradigm in Old English was:

• "eom", "beo" (present 1st person singular);
• "eart", "bist" (present 2nd person singular);
• "is", "bið" (present 3rd person singular);
• "sind", "sindon", "beoð" (present plural in all persons);
• "wæs" (past 1st and 3rd person singular);
• "wære" (past 2nd person singular);
• "wæron" (past plural in all persons);
• "wære" (singular subjunctive preterit);
• "wæren" (plural subjunctive preterit).

The "b-root" had no past tense in Old English, but often served as future tense of "am/was". In 13c. it took the place of the infinitive, participle and imperative forms of "am/was". Later its plural forms ("we beth", "ye ben", "they be") became standard in Middle English and it made inroads into the singular ("I be", "thou beest", "he beth"), but forms of "are" claimed this turf in the 1500s and replaced "be" in the plural. For the origin and evolution of the "am/was" branches of this tangle, see "am" and "was".

That but this blow Might be the be all, and the end all. ["Macbeth" I.vii.5]

Related Entries

• "*bheue-"
• "albeit"
• "am"
• "are"
• "art"
• "be-all"
• "been"
• "begone"
• "be-in"
• "being"
• "filial"
• "forebear"
• "go"
• "is"
• "maybe"
• "prove"
• "tribe"
• "was"
• "well-being"

be (engl.)
Konjugationstabelle und Zuordnung zu ide. Wurzel (W3)

Konjugationstabellen

been (engl.) (W3)

"been" (v.), past participle of "be". Dismissive slang phrase "been there, done that" attested from 1994 ("been there" "had the experience", usually of something disreputable, is from 1880s).

Related Entries

• be
• has-been

*bheu- (ide.) (W3)

• aengl. "beom"
• aengl. "bis"
• agriech. "phyle" = dt. "Stammesverband"
• ags. "bis"
• ahdt. "bim"
• ahdt. "bin"
• ahdt. "bis"
• ahdt. "bist"
• altengl. "bold"
• altengl. "byldan" = engl. "to build", zu "bold" = engl. "dwelling", "house"
• althdt. "buwen", "afbuwen", "anebuwen", "erbuwen", "gebuwen", "inbuwen", "molenbuwen", "overbuwen", "tobuwen", "underbuwen", "utbuwen", "vörbuwen", "vulbuwen", "wedderbuwen"
• cymr. "bod"
• dt. "Bau" = dt. "künstlich geschaffene Behausung oder eine sonstige einer Unterbringung dienende Anlage"
• dt. "Bauch"
• dt. "bauen", "errichten", "wieder herstellen, "aufbauen", "bebauen", "abbauen"
• dt. "Baum", ahd. "boum" = dt. "Baum", "Holz", "Balken", "Pfahl"
• dt. "Bausch"
• dt. "Bausen"
• dt. "Beule"
• dt. "Beutel"
• dt. "Bier"
• dt. "bin"
• dt. "bist"
• dt. "Bude"
• dt. "Busch"
• dt. "Busen"
• dt. "Böschung"
• dt. "böse" ("sich aufblasen")
• dt. "Metaphysik"
• dt. "Pausbacken"
• dt. "pauschal" ("alles zusammengenommen")
• dt. "Physik"
• dt. "Physiologie"
• dt. "probieren"
• engl. "-phyte"
• engl. "apophysis"
• engl. "Bauhaus"
• engl. "be"
• engl. "beam" = dt. "Balken"
• engl. "Boer" = dt. "Bure"
• engl. "bondage" = dt. "Knechtschaft", "Sklaverei"
• engl. "boom" = dt. "Baum"
• engl. "boor" = dt. "Bauer"
• engl. "booth" = dt. "Kabine"
• engl. "bound" = dt. "Grenze"
• engl. "bower", zu altengl. "bur" = engl. "dwelling space", "bower", "room"
• engl. "bowery"
• engl. "build", zu altengl. "byldan" = engl. "to build"
• engl. "building"
• engl. "bumpkin" = dt. "Bauer", zu Flemish "boom" = "tree"
• engl. "bustle"
• engl. "byre", zu aengl. "byre" = engl. "stall", "hut", zu germ. "*burjam" = engl. "dwelling"
• engl. "diaphysis"
• engl. "diphyodont"
• engl. "epiphysis"
• engl. "Euphues"
• engl. "euphuism"
• engl. "forebear" = dt. "Vorfahr", "Ahn", "Ahne"
• engl. "future", zu lat. "futurus" = engl. "that is to be"
• engl. "husband"
• engl. "hypophysis"
• engl. "imp"
• engl. "Monophysite"
• engl. "neighbor"
• engl. "neophyte"
• engl. "periphyton"
• engl. "phule" = engl. "tribe", "clan".
• engl. "phyletic"
• engl. "phylo-"
• engl. "phylogeny", zu griech. "phulon" = engl. "tribe", "class", "race"
• engl. "phylum"
• engl. "physic"
• engl. "physics"
• engl. "physio-"
• engl. "physique"
• engl. "phyto-"
• engl. "phyton" = engl. "a plant"
• engl. "symphysis"
• engl. "to be"
• engl. "to build" = dt. "bauen"
• engl. "tracheophyte"
• frz. "futur"
• frz. "hypophyse"
• frz. "je fus"
• frz. "néophyte"
• frz. "physio-"
• frz. "physionomie"
• frz. "physique"
• frz. "phyto-"
• frz. "preuve"
• frz. "probe"
• frz. "prouver"
• frz. "que je fusse"
• frz. "superbe"
• germ. "*buthla-"
• germ. "*buwan", st. V., "wohnen", "bauen"
• griech. "phuein" = "to bring forth", "make grow"
• griech. "phusis" = "growth", "nature"
• griech. "phuton" = "a plant"
• griech. "phutos"
• griech. "phyein" = engl. "to bring forth", "make grow",
• griech. "phylon" = engl. "tribe", "class", "race"
• griech. "physiología"
• griech. "physiología"
• griech. "physis" = dt. "Natur", "Erzeugung", "Geburt"
• grieh. "phu-" = engl. "become"
• ide. "*bheu-"
• ide. "*bheue-"
• ide. "*bheuh-" (2)
• ide. "*bheuhx-"
• ide. "*bhou-"
• ide. "*bhu-"
• ide. "*bhua-"
• ide. "*bhue-"
• lat, "Fiat lux"
• lat. "*fuere" = dt. "sein"
• lat. "dubius" = engl. "doubtful", lat. "dubitare" = engl. "to doubt", zu ide. "*du-bhw-io-"
• lat. "far" = dt. "Getreide", "Dinkel", "Spelt"
• lat. "favus" = dt. "Wachsscheibe", "Wabe", "Honigwabe", "Honigscheibe", "Honigkuchen"
• lat. "fiat", zu lat. "fieri" = "to become"
• lat. "fieri" = dt. "werden", "entstehen", "wachsen", "erzeugt werden", "gemacht werden", "geschehen"
• lat. "fui" = dt. "bin gewesen"
• lat. "futurus" = engl. "that is to be", "future"
• lat. "physica"
• lat. "physiologia"
• lat. "probus" = engl. "upright", zu ide. "*pro-bhw-o-" = engl. "growing well" or "straightforward"
• lat. "superbus" = engl. "superior", "proud", zu ide. "*super-bhw-o-" = engl. "being above"
• mhdt. "bim"
• mhdt. "bin"
• mhdt. "bis"
• mhdt. "bist"
• mhdt. "buwen"
• mlat. "metaphysica"
• mndt. "bode" = dt. "Bude", "kleines von Handwerkern und sogenannten kleinen Leuten bewohntes Haus", "Zelt", "Verkaufsbude und Arbeitsbude", "leichter Bau zu vorübergehender Benutzung", "unterstes Stockwerk", "Erdgeschoss", "Warenraum zu ebener Erde", "Baracke"
• mndt. "bode", "ambachtbode", "aschebode", "botterbode", "dorbode", "dwerbode", "dweresbode", "garbode", "godesbode", "goltbode", "goltsmedebode", "grumbode", "herincbode", "hokenbode", "hokerbode", "holtbode", "hurbode", "kerkenbode", "klosterbode", "knokenbode", "krambode", "kramærebode", "kremærebode", "kutærebode", "ortbode", "pelsærebode", "pipærebode", "portbode", "prambode", "provenbode", "remenbode", "repærebode", "repelbode", "repslegærebode", "rorbode", "salpeterbode", "scherbode", "schildærebode", "schiltwechtærebode", "schobode", "schrangebode", "schrifbode", "schrodærebode", "sebode", "selbode", "segelbode", "sellebode", "sisebode", "soltbode", "soltebode", "stenbode", "tegelbode", "viltærebode", "vischærebode", "vleschbode", "vodermengærebode", "vogelbode", "vorbode", "wantbode", "wegebode", "wonebode";
• mndt. "bude" = "Hütte", "Gezelt", nhdt. "Bude" ("*bho-ta", "*bhou-ta")
• welsh "bod" = engl. "to be"

ide. "*bheue-", Also "*bheu-"

"To be", "exist", "grow". Oldest form "*bheuhx".

Derivatives include "be", "husband", "imp", "physics", "future", "neighbor", and "beam".

I. Extended forms "*bhwiy-", "*bhwiyo-", "*bhwi-".

1. "be"; "forebear", from Old English "beon" = "to be", from Germanic "*biju" = "I am", "will be".

2. "fiat", from Latin "fieri" = "to become".

3. Possibly suffixed form "*bhwi-lyo-", seen by some as the source of Latin "filius" = "son", but this is more likely from "dhe-", "dhei-".

II. Lengthened o-grade form "*bhow-".

a. "bondage", "bound" (4); "bustle" (1), "husband", from Old Norse "bua" = "to live", "prepare", and "buask" = "to make oneself ready" ("-sk", reflexive suffix; see "se-", "swe-");

b. "Bauhaus", from Old High German "buan" = "to dwell";

c. "booth", from Middle English "bothe" = "market stall", from a Scandinavian source akin to Old Danish "both" = "dwelling", "stall".

II a-c from Germanic "*bowan".

III. Zero-grade form "*bhu-".

1a. "build", from Old English "byldan" = "to build", from "bold" = "dwelling", "house", from Germanic "*buthla-";

1b. "boodle", from Middle Dutch "bodel" = "riches", "property", from alternate Germanic form "*bothla".

2. "physic", "physics", "physio-", "physique", "-phyte", "phyto-", "phyton"; "apophysis", "diaphysis", "diphyodont", "epiphysis", "euphuism", "hypophysis", "imp", "Monophysite", "neophyte", "periphyton", "symphysis", "tracheophyte", from Greek "phuein" = "to bring forth", "make grow", "phutos", "phuton" = "a plant", and "phusis" = "growth", "nature".

3. Suffixed form "*bhu-ta-".

3a. "eisteddfod", from Welsh "bod" = "to be";

3b. "bothy", from Old Irish "both" = "a hut".

4. Suffixed form "*bhu-tu-". "future", from Latin "futurus" = "that is to be", "future".

IV. Zero-grade form "*bhu-" (- "*bhue-").

1a. "bower" (1), from Old English "bur" = "dwelling space", "bower", "room";

1b. "neighbor", from Old English "gebur" = "dweller" ("ge-", collective prefix; see "kom");

1c. "Boer", "boor", from Middle Dutch "gheboer", "ghebuer" = "peasant".

1a-1c all from Germanic "*buram" = "dweller", especially "farmer".

2. "byre", from Old English "byre" = "stall", "hut", from Germanic "*burjam" = "dwelling".

3. "bylaw", from a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse "byr" = "settlement", from Germanic "*buwi-".

4. Suffixed form "*bhu-lo-". "phyle", "phyletic", "phylum"; "phylogeny", from Greek "phulon" = "tribe", "class", "race", and "phule" = "tribe", "clan".

V. Zero-grade reduced suffixal form "*-bhw-", in Latin compounds.

1. Latin "dubius" = "doubtful", and "dubitare" = "to doubt", from "*du-bhw-io-" (see "dwo-").

2. Latin "probus" = "upright", from "*pro-bhw-o-" = "growing well" or "straightforward" (see "per" (1)).

3. Latin "superbus" = "superior", "proud", from "*super-bhw-o-" = "being above" (see "uper").

VI. Possibly Germanic *baumaz (and *bagmaz), tree (? < "growing thing").

a. "beam", from Old English "beam" = "tree", "beam";

b. "boom" (2), from Middle Dutch "boom" = "tree";

c. "bumpkin" (1), "bumpkin" (2), from Flemish "boom" = "tree".

[Pokorny "bheu-" 146.]

Appendix I: Indo-European Roots

ENTRY: "*bheue-"

DEFINITION: Also "bheu-". "To be", "exist", "grow".

Derivatives include "be", "husband", "imp", "physics", "future", "neighbor", and "beam".

I. Extended forms "*bhwiy-", "*bhwiyo-", "*bhwi-".

1. "be"; "forebear", from Old English "beon" = "to be", from Germanic "*biju" = "I am", "I will be".

2. "fiat", from Latin "fieri" = "to become".

3. Possibly suffixed form "*bhwi-lyo-", seen by some as the source of Latin "filius" = "son", but this is more likely from "*dhe-", "*dhei-".

II. Lengthened o-grade form "*bhow-".

a. "bondage", "bound" (4); "bustle" (1), "husband", from Old Norse "bua" = "to live", "prepare", and "buask", "to make oneself ready" ("-sk", reflexive suffix; see "se-", "swe-");

b. "Bauhaus", from Old High German "buan" = "to dwell";

c. "booth", from Middle English "bothe" = "market stall", from a Scandinavian source akin to Old Danish "both" = "dwelling", "stall".

a–c from Germanic "*bowan".

III. Zero-grade form "*bhu-".

1a. "build", from Old English "byldan" = "to build", from "bold" = "dwelling", "house", from Germanic "*buthla-";

1b. "boodle", from Middle Dutch "bodel" = "riches", "property", from alternate Germanic form "*buthla".

2. "physic", "physics", "physio-", "physique", "–phyte", "phyto-", "phyton"; "apophysis", "diaphysis", "diphyodont", "epiphysis", "euphuism", "hypophysis", "imp", "Monophysite", "neophyte", 2periphyton", "symphysis", "tracheophyte", from Greek "phuein" = "to bring forth", "make grow", "phutos", "phuton" = "a plant", and "phusis" = "growth", "nature".

3. Suffixed form "*bhu-ta-".

3a. "eisteddfod", from Welsh "bod" = "to be";

3b. "bothy", from Old Irish "both" = "a hut".

4. Suffixed form "*bhu-tu-". "future", from Latin "futurus" = "that is to be", "future".

IV. Zero-grade form "*bhu-" (- "*bhue-").

1a. "bower" (1), from Old English "bur" = "dwelling space", "bower", "room";

1b. "neighbor", from Old English "gebur" = "dweller" ("ge-", collective prefix; see "kom");

1c. "Boer", "boor", from Middle Dutch "gheboer", "ghebuer" = "peasant".

1a–1c all from Germanic "*buram" = "dweller", especially "farmer".

2. "byre", from Old English "byre" = "stall", "hut", from Germanic "*burjam" = "dwelling".

3. "bylaw", from a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse "byr" = "settlement", from Germanic "*buwi-".

4. Suffixed form "*bhu-lo-". "phyle", "phyletic", "phylum"; "phylogeny", from Greek "phulon" = "tribe", "class", "race", and "phule" = "tribe", "clan".

V. Zero-grade reduced suffixal form "*-bhw-", in Latin compounds.

1. Latin "dubius" = "doubtful", and "dubitare" = "to doubt", from "*du-bhw-io-" (see "dwo-").

2. Latin "probus" = "upright", from "*pro-bhw-o-" = "growing well" or "straightforward" (see "per" (1)).

3. Latin "superbus" = "superior", "proud", from "*super-bhw-o-" = "being above" (see "uper").

VI. Possibly Germanic "*baumaz" (and "*bagmaz") = "tree" (? - "growing thing").

a. "beam", from Old English "beam" = "tree", "beam";

b. "boom" (2), from Middle Dutch "boom" = "tree";

c. "bumpkin" (1), "bumpkin" (2), from Flemish "boom" = "tree".

(Pokorny "bheu-" 146.)

ENTRY: "*bheue-"

DEFINITION: Also "bheu-". To be, exist, grow.
Derivatives include "be, husband, imp, physics, future, neighbor", and "beam".

I.

Extended forms "*bhwiy(o)-", "*bhwi-".

1.

be; forebear, from Old English "beon", to be, from Germanic "*biju", I am, will be.

2.

fiat, from Latin "fieri", to become.

3.

Possibly suffixed form "*bhwi-lyo-", seen by some as the source of Latin "filius", son, but this is more likely from dhe(i)-.

II.

Lengthened o-grade form "*bhow-".

a.

bondage, bound(4); bustle(1), husband, from Old Norse "bua", to live, prepare, and "buask", to make oneself ready ("-sk", reflexive suffix; see s(w)e-);

b.

Bauhaus, from Old High German "buan", to dwell;

c.

booth, from Middle English "bothe", market stall, from a Scandinavian source akin to Old Danish "both", dwelling, stall.

a. - c.: from Germanic "*bowan".

III.

Zero-grade form "*bhu-".

1a.: build, from Old English "byldan", to build, from "bold", dwelling, house, from Germanic "*buthla-;"

b.

boodle, from Middle Dutch "bodel", riches, property, from alternate Germanic form "*bothla".

2.

physic, physics, physio-, physique, -phyte, phyto-, phyton; apophysis, diaphysis, diphyodont, epiphysis, euphuism, hypophysis, imp, Monophysite, neophyte, periphyton, symphysis, tracheophyte, from Greek "phuein", to bring forth, make grow, "phutos", "phuton", a plant, and "phusis", growth, nature.

3.

Suffixed form "*bhu-ta-".

a.

eisteddfod, from Welsh "bod", to be;

b.

bothy, from Old Irish "both", a hut.

4.

Suffixed form "*bhu-tu-". future, from Latin "futurus", "that is to be", future.


IV.

Zero-grade form "*bhu-" ("*bhue-").

1a.: bower(1), from Old English "bur", "dwelling space", bower, room;

b.

neighbor, from Old English "gebur", dweller ("ge-", collective prefix; see kom);

c.

Boer, boor, from Middle Dutch "gheboer", "ghebuer", peasant.

a. - c.: all from Germanic "*buram", dweller, especially farmer.

2.

byre, from Old English "byre", stall, hut, from Germanic "*burjam", dwelling.

3.

bylaw, from a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse "byr", settlement, from Germanic "*buwi-".

4.

Suffixed form "*bhu-lo-". phyle, phyletic, phylum; phylogeny, from Greek "phulon", tribe, class, race, and "phule", tribe, clan.


V.

Zero-grade reduced suffixal form "*-bhw-", in Latin compounds.

1.

Latin "dubius", doubtful, and "dubitare", to doubt, from "*du-bhw-io-" (see dwo-).

2.

Latin "probus", upright, from "*pro-bhw-o-", "growing well or straightforward" (see per(1)).

3.

Latin "superbus", superior, proud, from "*super-bhw-o-", "being above" (see uper).


VI.

Possibly Germanic "*baumaz" (and "*bagmaz"), tree (? "growing thing").

a.

beam, from Old English "beam", tree, beam;

b.

boom(2), from Middle Dutch "boom", tree;

c.

bumpkin(1), bumpkin(2), from Flemish "boom", tree. (Pokorny "bheu-" 146.)

"*bheu" i.e. ("groeien", "zijn") - "phyein" grieks ("groeien") - - "physis" ("natuur") - - - "physica" - "fui" latijn ("ik ben gegroeid", "ik was") - - "futurus" latijn toekomstig deelwoord bij "zijn" (toekomstig) - - - "futuristisch" - "pro-bho-s" + "pro = "voor" ("wat recht groeit") - - "probus" latijn ("deugdelijk") - - - "probare" ("onderzoeken") - - - - "proef" - - - - "proeven" nederlands - - - - "proberen"

- "*beu" "bh" > "b" germaanse klankverschuiving
- - "be", "bau", "bu" ("zijn", "wonen")
- - "to be engels" ("zijn")
- - "*bennen" ("zijn")
- - - "ik ben", "jij bent"
- - "ich bin", "du bist"
- - "buon" oud nederlands ("zijn", "bouwen", "wonen"),
- - - "gebuur", "buur" ("die er woont")
- - - - "buurt"
- - - - - "buurman" + "man". Soort vriendennaam die tot bijnaam werd, later familienaam.
- - - - - - "Buurman" (familienaam)
- - - "boer" ("die er woont en bouwt"). "Boer" is niet van "bouwen" afgeleid, maar beide staan naast elkaar. De huidige beroepsbetekenis "boer" ontstaat in de middeleeuwen. Vergelijking met andere standen, adel en burgers, gaf de bijbetekenis "dom", "grof". In de sociale orde op het platteland betekende "boer" dat hij volle rechten had en een boerderij bezat, i.t.t "keuterboeren".
- - - - "keuterboer" + "keuter", zie bij keuter.
- - - "bouwen" ("wonen", betekenis verdrongen door (akker) beplanten, "bouwen")
- - - - "landbouwer" + "land"
- - - - "gebouw"
- - - - "boede" ("klein gebouwtje", "tent", "kraam")
- - - - - "boedel" + achtervoegsel "-el"
- - - - - - "boel"
- - - - - - - "warboel", "janboel" enz.
- - "Bür" oudhoogduits ("huis", "die er woont")
- - - "Nachbar" ("buur")
- - - "neighbour" engels ("buur")
- - - "bulden" oudengels. L en u wisseling.
- - - - "to build", "building".

"Bild" duits en "beeld" nederlands komen niet van deze stam. Herkomst onduidelijk.

...
Origin of "be"

before 900; Middle English "been", Old English "beon" ("beo-" (akin to Old Frisian, Old High German "bim", German "bin", Old Saxon "bium", "biom" "(I) am", Old English, Old High German, Old Saxon "buan", Old Norse "bua" "reside", Latin "fui" "(I) have been", Greek "phy-" "grow", "become", Old Irish "boí" "(he) was", Sanskrit "bhávati" "(he) becomes", "is", Lithuanian "búti" "to be", OCS "byti", Persian "bud" "was")) + "-n" infinitive suffix. See "am", "is", "are" (1), "was", "were".
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"*bheue-", also "*bheu-", Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to be", "exist", "grow".

It forms all or part of:

"Bauhaus"; "be"; "beam"; "Boer"; "bondage"; "boodle"; "boom" (n.1) "long pole"; "boor"; "booth"; "bound" (adj.2) "ready to go"; "bower"; "bowery"; "build"; "bumpkin"; "busk"; "bustle" (v.) "be active"; "byre"; "bylaw"; "Eisteddfod"; "Euphues"; "fiat"; "forebear"; "future"; "husband"; "imp"; "Monophysite"; "neighbor"; "neophyte"; "phyletic"; "phylo-"; "phylum"; "phylogeny"; "physic"; "physico-"; "physics"; "physio-"; "physique"; "-phyte"; "phyto-"; "symphysis".

It is the hypothetical source of / evidence for its existence is provided by:

Sanskrit "bhavah" = "becoming", "bhavati" = "becomes", "happens", "bhumih" = "earth", "world"; Greek "phyein" = "to bring forth", "make grow", "phytos", "phyton" = "a plant", "physis" = "growth", "nature", "phylon" = "tribe", "class", "race", "phyle" = "tribe", "clan"; Old English "beon" = "be", "exist", "come to be", "become", "happen"; Old Church Slavonic "byti" = "be," Greek "phu-" = "become", Old Irish "bi'u" = "I am", Lithuanian "buti" = "to be", Russian "byt'" = "to be".

Words related to *bheue-

• -phyte
• bauhaus
• be
• beam
• boer
• bond
• bondage
• boodle
• boom
• boor
• booth
• bound
• bower
• bowery
• build
• bumpkin
• busk
• bustle
• bylaw
• byre
• eisteddfod
• euphues
• fiat
• forebear
• future
• husband
• imp
• monophysite
• neighbor
• neophyte
• phyletic
• phylo-
• phylogeny
• phylum
• physic
• physico-
• physics
• physio-
• physique
• phyto-
• superb
• symphysis

Root / lemma: "*bheu-", "*bheue-" ("*bhua-", "*bhue-") : "*bhou-" : "*bhu-"

English meaning: "to be"; "to grow"

German meaning: ursprünglich "wachsen", "gedeihen"

Comments: (wohl = "schwellen"), vgl. ai. "prabhuta-h" mit ai. "bhuri-h" usw. unter "*beu-", "*bu-", "*bheu-", "*bhu-" = "aufblasen", "schwellen", woraus "entstehen", "werden", "sein", weiters "gewohnheitsmäßig wo sein", "wohnen"; io/i-Präsens "bhu-iio", "bhu-ii?-si", "bhu-i-si" usw. als Verbum "sein2 suppliert oft das Paradigma von "*es-" = "sein"; erweiterte Wz. "bheui-", "bhuei-"

Material:

"bhavitram" = "Welt" (ablaut. mit gr. "???" = "Natur", "Geschlecht" und lit. "bukla" = "Wohnung" usw., und mit germ. "*buÞla-" und "*boÞla-", woneben mit Formans "-dhlo-" cech. "bydlo"); "bhavana-m" = "das Werden"; "Wohnstätte", "Haus" (alb. "bane", aber mir. "buan" = "standhaft" aus "*bhou-no-"), ablaut. "bhuvana-m" = "Wesen";

Illyr. VN "Buni", ON "B???" (alb. "bune").

Messap. "???" Hes. (ahd. "bur");

alb. "buj", "bûj" ("*bunjo") = "wohne", "übernachte", "burr", "burre" ("*buro-") = "Mann", "Ehemann", "bane" = "Wohnung", "Aufenthalt", "halb verfallenes Haus" ("*bhouona": ai. "bhavanam"), "banoj" = "wohne"; "bun", "bune" = "Sennhütte" ("*bhuna"); vielleicht auch "bote" = "Erde", "Boden", "Welt", "Leute" ("*bhua-ta" oder "*bhue-ta").

air. "buith" = "sein" (ursprgl. Dat. des a-St. "both" - "*bhuta" = cymr. "bod", corn. "bos", bret. "bout" = air. "both" f. "Hütte", cymr. "bod" f. "Wohnung": lit. "butas" = "Haus"; hierzu auch mir. "for-baid" = "Grabtuch", "Bahre"), Fut. "-bia" = "wird sein" (= lat. "fiat"), Prät. 1. Sg. "ba" ("*bhuam"), 3. Sg. "boi" ("*bhoue"), Pass. Prät. "-both" = "man war" ("*bhu-to-"); das Paradigma des Verbum Subst. und der Kopula besteht aus Formen von "*es-" und "*bheu-", z. B. hat die 1. Sg. Präs. Konj. air. "beu" ("*bh-eso") den Anlaut von "*bheu-" bezogen;

gall. PN "Vindo-bios" ("*-bhuiios"), vgl. cymr. "gwyn-fyd" = "Glück" ("weiße Welt", "byd"), air. "su-bae", "su-be" = "Freude" ("*su-bhuiio-"), "du-bae", "du-be" ("du" = gr. "???") = "Trauer";

Lit. "buti" (lett. "but", apr. "bout") = "sein", "butu" Supin. "zu sein" (apr. "buton" Inf.), Partiz. "butas" = "gewesen", Fut. "busiu" (lett. "bušu"), Prät. "buvo" = "er war" (vgl. auch "buvo-ju", "buvo-ti" = "zu sein pflegen" und aksl. Iter. "byvati"); Opt. apr. "bousai" = "er sei", Prät. "bei", "be" = "er war" (von einer mit "-ei-" erweiterten Basis);

aksl. "byti" = "werden", "sein", "lo-" Partiz. "byl?" = "gewesen" (davon "byl?je" = "Kraut"; "Heilkraut", vgl. zur Bed. "???"), Aor. "be" = "war" ("*bhue-t"); Imperf. "beaše", Fut. Partiz. ksl. "byšešteje", "byšašteje to µ???", Kondiz. 3. Pl. "bo" ("*bhua-nt"), Partiz. "za-bven" = "vergessen", neben sonstigem Partiz. "*byt" z. B. in russ. "zabytyj" = "vergessen2, vgl. dazu auch Subst. russ. "byt?" = "Wesen", "Lebensart" u. dgl., apoln. "byto" = "Nahrung", aksl. "iz-byt?k?" = "Überfluß", "Rest" u. dgl., "bytje" = "das Dasein";

aksl. "zabyt?" = "Vergessen", "pobyt?" = "Sieg", "prebyt?" = "Aufenthalt", russ. "byt?" = "Wesen", "Geschöpf"; "Tatbestand";

References: WP. II 140 f., WH. I 375 f., 504 f., 557 f., 865, 867, EM. 812 f., 1004 f., Trautmann 40 f., Feist 83 f.

Specht will (KZ. 59, 58 f.) unter Heranziehung von gr. "???" = "Licht", "Heil" = ai. "bhava-" = "Segen", "Heil", "???" usw. unsere Wz. als "*bhaue-", nicht als "*bheue-" = "ansetzen". S. auch oben S. 91.

Page(s): 146-150

ide. "*bheu-", "*bheue-" ("*bhua-", "*bhue-") : "*bhou-" : "*bhu-"

English meaning: "to be"; "to grow"

German meaning: ursprünglich "wachsen", "gedeihen"

Grammatical comments

General comments

(wohl = "schwellen"), vgl. ai. "prábhuta-h" mit ai. "bhuri-h" usw. unter "*beu-", "*bu-", "bheu-", "bhu-" = "aufblasen", "schwellen", woraus "entstehen", "werden", "sein", weiters "gewohnheitsmäßig wo sein", "wohnen"; io/i-Präsens "bhu-iio", "bhu-iie-si", "bhu-i-si" usw. als Verbum "sein" suppliert oft das Paradigma von "es-" = "sein"; erweiterte Wz. "bheui-", "bhuei-"

Derivatives

zahlreiche Nominalbildungen mit den Bed. = "das Sein", "Wesen", "Wohnen", "Wohnsitz", wie "bhuto-", "bhuta", "bhuti-", "bhutlo-", "bhumen-", "bhulo-", "bhuro-" usw.

Material

Ai. "bhávati" = "ist", "ist da", "geschieht", "gedeiht", "wird" = av. "bavaiti" = "wird", "entsteht"; "geschieht"; "wird sein", apers. "bavatiy" = "wird"; Fut. ai. "bhavišyáti", av. "bušyeiti" Partiz. "bušyant-" = "der ins Dasein treten wird" (letztere = lit. "busiu", ksl. "byšešteje" "to µellon", vgl. gr. "feno"); Aor. ai. "ábhut" (= gr. "efe") und "bhúvat", Perf. "babhuva", Partiz. Perf. Akt. "babhuvan", f. "babhuvúši" (: gr. "???", lit. "bùvo", aksl. "byvati"), Inf. "bhávitum", Absol. "bhutva" (vgl. lit. "butu" Supinum "zu sein", apr. "buton" Inf.);

ai. "bhutá-h", av. "buta-" = "geworden", "seiend", ai. "bhutá-m" = "Wesen" (lit. "búta" = "gewesen", aisl. "buð" f. = "Wohnung", russ. "byt?" = "Wesen", "Lebensart"; mit "u" gr. "???", air. "-both" = "man war", "both" f. = "Hütte", lit. "bùtas" = "Haus"); "prá-bhuta-h" = "reichlich", "zahlreich", npers. Inf. "budan" = "sein";

ai. "bhu´ti-h, "bhutí-h" f. = "Sein", "Wohlsein", "guter Zustand", "Gedeihen" (av. "buti-" m. = "Name eines daeva"? = aksl. "za-", "po-", "pre-byt?", russ. "byt?", Inf. aksl. "byti", lit. "buti"; mit "u" gr. "???").

Pass. ai. "bhuyate"; kaus. "bhavayati" = "bringt ins Dasein"; "hegt und pflegt", "erfrischt", Partiz. "bhavita-h" auch = "angenehm erregt", "gut gestimmt" (= aksl. "iz-baviti" = "befreien", "erlösen"), mit ders. Dehnstufe "bhavá-h" = "Sein", "Werden", "Zuneigung" (russ. "za-báva" f. = "Unterhaltung") neben "bhavá-h" = "Entstehung", "Wohlfahrt", "Heil";

"bhavítram" = "Welt" (ablaut. mit gr. "???" = "Natur", "Geschlecht" und lit. "buklà" = "Wohnung" usw., und mit germ. "*buþla-" und "*boþla-", woneben mit Formans "-dhlo-" cech. "bydlo"); "bhavana-m" = "das Werden"; "Wohnstätte", "Haus" (alb. "bane", aber mir. "buan" = "standhaft" aus "*bhou-no-"), ablaut. "bhúvana-m" = "Wesen";

ai. "bhu-" f. = "Erde", "Welt", "bhumi", "bhumih-", av. ap. "bumi-", npers. "bum" = "Erde", ai. "bhuman-" n. = "Erde", "Welt", "Sein" (= gr. "???"), "bhumán-" m. = "Fülle", "Menge", "Reichtum"; "pra-bhú-h" = "mächtig", "hervorragend";

s-St. "bhavis-ru-h = "werdend", "gedeihend", "bhusati" = "macht gedeihen", "stärkt", "bhusayati" = "schmückt", "bhusana-m" = "Amulett", "Schmuck".

Die i-Basis "*bheui-", "*bhui-", wie es scheint, im ai. "bobhaviti" Intens. und "bhávi-tva-h" = "zukünftig"; über iran. bi-Formen s. unten.

Arm. "bois", Gen. "busoy" = "Schößling", "Kraut", "Pflanze", "busanim" = "sprieße auf", ferner vielleicht "boin", Gen. "bunoi" = "Nest" ("*bheu-no-"), schwundstufig "bun", Gen. "bnoi" = "Stamm".

Thrak. ON "???".

Gr. "???" (lesb. "???" wie osk. "fuia", s. unten) = "zeuge" (Aor. "???"), "???" = "werde", "wachse" (vgl. Schwyzer Gr. Gr. I, 686), wohl Neubildungen zum Aor. "???" = "wurde", daneben (Neubildung?) "???" = "Gewächs", "Pflanze", "Kind", "Geschwür", "???" = "Wuchs"; "Natur", "Charakter", "??" n. = "Gewächs", "Geschwür", "???" = "Natur", "???" n. = "Stamm", "Geschlecht", "Art", "???" = "Gemeinde und von ihr gestellte Heeresabteilung" (aksl. "byl?", l-Partiz. "byl?je"); dehnstufiges "*bholo-", "*bhoulo-" vielleicht in "???" = "Schlupfwinkel", "Lager wilder Tiere", "???" = "schlafe in einer Höhle", "???" = "ein Seefisch, der sich im Schlamm verbirgt"; aber aisl. "bol" n. = "Lager für Tiere und Menschen", ist kein von "bol" (wohl aus "*boþla") = "Wohnstätte" verschiedenes Wort; dazu schwundstufig schwed. mdartl. "bylja", "bölja" = "kleines Nest" aus "*bulja".
...
alb. "buj", "bûj" ("*bunjo") = "wohne", "übernachte", "burr", "burrë" ("*buro-") = "Mann", "Ehemann", "banë" = "Wohnung", "Aufenthalt", "halb verfallenes Haus" ("*bhouona": ai. "bhavanam"), "banoj" = "wohne"; "bun", "bunë" = "Sennhütte" ("*bhuna"); vielleicht auch "botë" = "Erde", "Boden", "Welt", "Leute" ("*bhua-ta" oder "*bhue-ta").

Lat. "fui" (alat. "fui") = "bin gewesen" aus "*fu-ai", Umgestaltung des alten Aor. "*fum" (= gr. "???", ai. "á-bhut" = "er war"), "fu-turus" = "künftig", "forem" = "wäre", "fore" = "sein werden", alat. Konj. "fuam", "fuat" = "sei" ("*bhuuam"; vgl. lit. "bùvo" = "war" aus "*bhu-uat"), daneben "-bam" ("*bhuam2 : osk. "fu-fans" = "erant", air. "-ba" = "ich war") in "lege-bam" usw., vgl. lat.-fal. "-bo" (aus "*bhuo") in "ama-bo", alat. "veni-bo", fal. "pipafþ" usw. mit dem ir. b-Futurum ("do-rimiub" = "ich werde aufzählen" aus "*to-rim-i-buo"), Intensiv "futavit" = "fuit";

osk. "fu-fans" = "erant", "fu-fens" = "fuerunt", "fusíd" = lat. "foret", "fust" (= umbr. "fust") = "erit" und = "fuerit", "fuid" Konj.-Perf. = "fuerit"; aber über "futír" = "Tochter" s. Vetter Gl. 29, 235, 242 ff. gegen WH. I 557, 867;

umbr. "fust" = "erit", "furent" = "erunt" ("*fuset", "*fusent"), "fefure" = "fuerint", "futu" = "esto" ("fuuetod" oder "fu-tod").

Ein "io/i"-Präs. zur Wz. "*bhu-" : "*bhu-iio" liegt vor in lat. "fio", "fieri" = "werden", "entstehen", "erzeugt werden", das "i" statt "i" von "fis", "fit" ("*bhu-i-si", "*bhu-i-ti") bezogen; osk. "fiiet" ("*bhuiient") = "fiunt", umbr. "fito" = "facta", "bona"?, "fuia" = "fiat", "fuiest" = "fiet" ("*bhu-io" neben "*bhuiio" wie in lesb. "???", s. oben);

lat. Nominalbildungen nur in "dubius" = "zweifelnd", "unsicher" ("*du-bhu-iio-s" = "doppelgestaltig", vgl. umbr. "di-fue" = "bifidum" - "*dui-bhuiom"), "probus" = "gut gedeihend", "redlich" ("*pro-bhuos" : ai. "pra-bhu-h" = "hervorragend"), osk. "am-prufid" = "improbe", "prúfatted" = "probavit", umbr. "prufe" = "probe"; lat. "super-bus" = "hochmütig".

Über lat. "moribundus" s. Niedermann Mél. Meillet 104, Benveniste MSL. 34, 189.

Air. "baë" = "Nutzen" ("*bhue-iom"), "buan" = "standhaft", "gut" ("*bhouno-", dazu cymr. "bun" = "Königin", "Frau"); mir. "baile" = "Heim", "Ort" ("*bhue-liio-");

air. "buith" = "sein" (ursprgl. Dat. des a-St. "both" - "*bhuta" = cymr. "bod", corn. "bos", bret. "bout" = air. "both" f. = "Hütte", cymr. "bod" f. = "Wohnung": lit. "bùtas" = "Haus"; hierzu auch mir. "for-baid" = "Grabtuch", "Bahre"), Fut. "-bia" = "wird sein" (= lat. "fiat"), Prät. 1. Sg. ba ("*bhuam"), 3. Sg. "boi" ("*bhoue"), Pass. Prät. "-both" = "man war" ("*bhu-to-"); das Paradigma des Verbum Subst. und der Kopula besteht aus Formen von "es-" und "bheu-", z. B. hat die 1. Sg. Präs. Konj. air. "beu" ("*bh-eso") den Anlaut von "bheu-" bezogen;

air. "-biu" = "ich pflege zu sein", mcymr. "bydaf", corn. "bethaf", mbret. "bezaff" ds. ("*bhuiio" = lat. "fio", daneben "*bhui-" in air. "bith", mcymr. "bit" = "esto" = lat. "fit");

gall. PN "Vindo-bios" ("*-bhuiios"), vgl. cymr. "gwyn-fyd" = "Glück" ("weiße Welt", "byd"), air. "su-b(a)e" = "Freude" ("*su-bhuiio-"), "du-bae", "du-be" ("du" = gr. "???-") = "Trauer";

got. "bauan" = "wohnen", "bewohnen", "ald bauan" = "ein Leben führen", "gabauan" = "Wohnung aufschlagen" ("*bhouo", Vokalismus wie in ai. "bhavayati", "bhava-h", slav. "baviti"), aisl. "bua" ("bjo", "buinn") = "wohnen", "instand bringen", "ausrüsten", ags. "buan" und "buwan", "buwian" ("bude", "gebuen") = "wohnen", "bebauen" (daneben ags. "bogian", afries. "bogia" = "wohnen", lautlicher Typus von got. "stoja" aus "*stowijo" und "o" als ursprünglichen Vokal stützend), ahd. "buan" ("buta", "gibuan") = "wohnen", "bebauen", nhd. "bauen"; aisl. "byggja" = "an einem Orte wohnen", "bebauen", "bevölkern", später = "erbauen", "bauen" (aus "*buwwjan"?, "*bewwjan"?); aisl. "bu" n. = "Wohnort", "Wirtschaft", "Haushalt", ags. "bu" n. = "Wohnung" (Pl. "by" n. vom i-St. "*buwi-" = aisl. "byr" m. = "Wohnstätte", "Hof"; ähnlich lit. "buvis" = "bleibender Aufenthalt"), ahd. "bu", mhd. "bu", Gen. "buwes" m., selten n. = "Bestellung des Feldes", "Wohnung", "Gebäude", nhd. "Bau";

aisl. "buð" f. = "Wohnung", "Zelt", "Hütte"; aschwed. "boþ", mnd. "bode", mhd. "buode" und "bude" = "Hütte", "Gezelt", nhd. "Bude" ("*bho-ta", "*bhou-ta"); mnd. "bodel" = "Vermögen", "bol" = "Landgut", ags. "bold" und "botl" n. = "Wohnung", "Haus", "*byldan", engl. "to build" = "bauen", afries. "bold" und "bodel" = "Haus", "Hausgerät", "Eigentum" ("*boþla-" aus idg. "*bhotlo-", "*bhoutlo-" und "*buþla-", vgl. lit. "buklà" und westsl. "bydlo"), ebenso aisl. "bol" n. = "Wohnstätte" (s. oben auch zu "bol" = "Lager");

aisl. "bur" n. = "Vorratshaus", "Frauengemach", ags. "bur" m. = "Hütte", "Zimmer", ahd. "bur" m. = "Haus", "Käfig", nhd. "(Vogel-)Bauer", wovon ahd. "nahgibur", ags. "neahgebur", nhd. "Nachbar", engl. "neighbour" und ahd. "gibur", "giburo", mhd. "gebur", "gebure", dann "bur", nhd. "Bauer" = "rusticus";

ags. "beo" = "ich bin" ("*bhuiio" = lat. "fio", air. "-biu"), daneben "beom", ahd. "bim" usw. nach "*im" von "*es-" = "sein", wie ahd. "bis", "bist", ags. "bis" nach "is".

Vielleicht got. "bagms", ahd. "boum", ags. "beam" = "Baum" aus "*bhouemo-", "*bhoumo-" = "???" und aisl. "bygg" n. = "Gerste", as. Gen. PL "bewo" = "Saat", "Ertrag", ags. "beow" n. = "Gerste" ("*bewwa-") als = "Angebautes".

Lit. "buti" (lett. "bût", apr. "bout") = "sein", "butu" Supin. = "zu sein" (apr. "buton" Inf.), Partiz. "butas" = "gewesen", Fut. "busiu" (lett. "bûšu"), Prät. "bùvo" = "er war" (vgl. auch "buvó-ju", "buvo-ti" = "zu sein pflegen" und aksl. Iter. "byvati"); Opt. apr. "bousai" = "er sei", Prät. "bei", "be" = "er war" (von einer mit "-ei-" erweiterten Basis);

lit. "bu~vis" m. = "Sein, Leben", "buvineti" = "hie und da ein Weilchen bleiben", apr. "buwinait" = "wohnet!";

lett. "bûšana" = "Sein, Wesen, Zustand", apr. "bousennis" = "Stand"; lit. "bùtas", apr. (Akk.) "buttan" = "Haus";

lit. "buklas" ("*butla-") = "cubile", "latebrae ferarum", "pabu~klas" = "Instrument", "Gerät"; "Erscheinung", "Gespenst", "buklà", "bukle~" = "praesentia", "Wohnung", ostlit. "búkle" ds. (s. oben; dazu "buklùs" = "weise", "schlau");

aksl. "byti" = "werden", "sein", "lo-" Partiz. "byl?" = "gewesen" (davon "byl?je" = "Kraut"; "Heilkraut", vgl. zur Bed. "???"), Aor. "be" = "war" ("*bhue-t"); Imperf. "beaše", Fut. Partiz. ksl. "byšešteje", "byšašteje" = "???", Kondiz. 3. Pl. "bo" ("*bhua-nt"), Partiz. "za-b?ven?" = "vergessen", neben sonstigem Partiz. "*byt" z. B. in russ. "zabýtyj" = "vergessen", vgl. dazu auch Subst. russ. "byt?" = "Wesen", "Lebensart" u. dgl., apoln. "byto" = "Nahrung", aksl. "iz-byt?k?" = "Überfluß", "Rest" u. dgl., "byt?je" = "das Dasein";

aksl. "zabyt?" = "Vergessen", "pobyt?" = "Sieg", "prebyt?" = "Aufenthalt", russ. "byt?" = "Wesen", "Geschöpf"; "Tatbestand";

Präs. aksl. "bodo" = "werde", "???", als Fut.: "werde sein" (ob zu lat. Adj. auf "-bundus"?); Kaus. aksl. "izbaviti" = "befreien", "erlösen" u. dgl. (: ai. "bhava-yati", vgl. zum Vokalismus auch got. "bauan" und aksl. "zabava" = "Verweilen", 2Beschäftigung", "Zeitvertreib"); cech. "bydlo" = "Aufenthaltsort", "Wohnung", poln. "bydlo" = "Vieh" (aus "Stand", "Wohlstand", "Habe").

Vielleicht hierher (Pedersen Toch. 2281) toch. B "pyautk-", A "pyotk-", AB "pyutk-" = "zustande kommen", med. = "zustande bringen".

Von der Basis "bheui-", "bhui-":

npers. Imp. "bi-d" = "seid!"; apers. Opt. "bi-yah" setzt Wackernagel KZ. 46, 270 = ai. "bhu-ya-h", "-t";

gr. "???" n. = "Keim", "Sproß" = "???" = "erzeuge", "säe", "pflanze";

lit. alt. "bit", "biti" = "er war", auch Kondit. 1. Pl. "(sùktum-) bime"; lett. "biju", "bija" = "ich, er war" (lett. "bija-" erweitert aus athemat. "*bhui-"); ablaut. apr. "bei", s. oben;

aksl. Kondit. 2. 3. Sg. "bi" = "wärst", "wäre" ("*bhui-s", "*bhui-t"), wozu sekundär 1. Sg. "bi-m?" mit Primärendung.

References

WP. II 140 f., WH. I 375 f., 504 f., 557 f., 865, 867, EM. 812 f., 1004 f., Trautmann 40 f., Feist 83 f.

Specht will (KZ. 59, 58 f.) unter Heranziehung von gr. "???" = "Licht", "Heil" = ai. "bhava-" = "Segen", "Heil", "???" usw. unsere Wz. als "*bhaue-", nicht als "*bheue-" ansetzen. S. auch oben S. 91.

Köbler, Gerhard, Indogermanisches Wörterbuch, (5. Auflage) 2014

ide. "*bheu-", "*bheue-", "*bhua-", "*bhue-", "*bhou-", "*bhu-", "*bheuh-", idg., V.: neuhdt. "schwellen", "wachsen" (V.) (1), "gedeihen", "sein" (V.), "werden", "wohnen"; engl. "grow", "prosper", "be";

Rekonstruktionsbasis: Pokorny 146 (232/65), ind., iran., arm., phryg./dak., griech., ill., alb., ital., kelt., germ., balt., slaw., toch.?;

Hinweis: s. "*bheui-", "*bhuto-", "*bhuta", "*bhuti-", "*bhumen-", "*bhulo-", "*bhuro-", "*bhoutlo-", "*es-";

• Weiterleben: griech. "phýein", V., "erzeugen", "wachsen" (V.) (1) "lassen"; s. griech. "phýsis", F., "Natur", "Erzeugung", "Geburt"; vgl. "µetaphysiká" ("metaphysiká"), F., "Metaphysik"; mlat. "metaphysica", F., "Metaphysik"; neuhdt. "Metaphysik", F., "Metaphysik";
• Weiterleben: s. griech. "phyé", F., "Wuchs", "Natur", "Begabung", "Charakter";
• Weiterleben: s. griech. "phylé", F., "Gemeinde" und von ihr gestellte "Heeresabteilung";
• Weiterleben: s. griech. "phytón", N., "Gewächs", "Pflanze";
• Weiterleben: vgl. griech. "yperphyés" ("hyperphyés"), Adj., "übermäßig", "außerordentlich", "unnatürlich";
• Weiterleben: s. griech. "phitýein", V., "hervorbringen", "erzeugen", "gebären", "säen", "pflanzen";
• Weiterleben: s. griech. "phíty", N., "Keim", "Spross", "Sprössling";
• Weiterleben: s. griech. "phítyµa" ("phityma"), N., "Keim", "Spross", "Sprössling";
• Weiterleben: vgl. griech. "yperphíalos" ("hyperphíalos"), Adj., "übermächtig", "übergewaltig", "übermütig";
• Weiterleben: lat. "*fuere", V., "sein" (V.);
• Weiterleben: s. lat. "fieri", V., "werden", "entstehen", "wachsen" (V.) (1), "erzeugt werden", "gemacht werden", "geschehen";
• Weiterleben: s. lat. "far", N., "Getreide", "Dinkel", "Spelt";
• Weiterleben: vgl. lat. "fastigare", V., "schräg zulaufen lassen", "spitz zulaufen lassen", "zuspitzen";
• Weiterleben: vgl. lat. "fastigium", N., "Neigung", "Erhebung", "Senkung", "schräge Richtung";
• Weiterleben: germ. "*bu-", anom. V., "sein" (V.), "werden"; altengl. "béo-n", "bío-n", anom. V., "sein" (V.), "werden";
• Weiterleben: germ. "*beww-", V., "reiben"; altengl. "bíew-an", "béow-an", "bew-an", sw. V., "reiben", "polieren", "glänzend machen";
• Weiterleben: germ. "*beww-", V., "reiben"; althdt. "bewen"* 9, sw. V. (1b), "fertig machen", "erneuern", "gebrauchen", "abnutzen" (, EWAhd 1, 575);
• Weiterleben: s. germ. "*buwan", st. V., "wohnen", "bauen"; got. "báu-an" 14, unreg. V., urspr. red. V. (6)), "wohnen", "bewohnen" (, Lehmann B34);
• Weiterleben: s. germ. "*buwan", st. V., "bauen", "wohnen"; an. "bu-a" (3), red. V., "wohnen", "bereiten", "schmücken";
• Weiterleben: s. germ. "*buwan", st. V., "bauen", "wohnen"; vgl. altengl. "bu-r" (1), st. M. (a), "Nachbar", "Bewohner", "kleiner Grundbesitzer";
• Weiterleben: s. germ. "*buwan", st. V., "bauen", "wohnen"; vgl. mnd. "bure", F., "Bauerschaft", "Gemeinde", "Bürgerrecht", "Bürgerschaft"; an. "bur-i", sw. M. (n), "Bürger einer Handelsstadt";
• Weiterleben: s. germ. "*buwan", st. V., "bauen", "wohnen"; althdt. "buan" 101, "buwan"*, "buen", "buwen"*, red. V., sw. V. (1a), "bauen", "wohnen", "leben", "Bauer sein" (V.); mhd. "buwen", "biuwen", sw. V., "bauen", "wohnen", "als Bauer leben"; neuhdt. "bauen", sw. V., "bauen", "wohnen", "das Feld bestellen", DW 1, 1170;
• Weiterleben: s. germ. "*buwan", st. V., "bauen", "wohnen"; althdt. "bur"* (1)? 1, st. M. (a), "Bewohner", "Nachbar", Landmann; mhd. "bur", sw. M., st. M., "Bauer" (M.) (1), "Nachbar"; neuhdt. "Bauer", M., "Bauer" (M.) (1), DW 1, 1176;
• Weiterleben: vgl. germ. "*buwjan", sw. V., "bauen", "wohnen"; an. "by-g-g-ja" (2), "by-g-g-va"?, sw. V. (1), "wohnen", "besiedeln", "bauen";
• Weiterleben: vgl. germ. "*buwjan", sw. V., "bauen", "wohnen"; altengl. "bu-w-an", sw. V., "bauen", "wohnen";
• Weiterleben: vgl. germ. "*buwjan", sw. V., "bauen", "wohnen"; altengl. "bu-an", "bu-i-an", "bu-n", sw. V., st. V. (7), "wohnen", "bewohnen", "bebauen";
• Weiterleben: vgl. germ. "*buwjan", sw. V., "bauen", "wohnen"; altengl. "bo-g-ian", sw. V. (2), "wohnen", "bewohnen";
• Weiterleben: vgl. germ. "*buwjan", sw. V., "bauen", "wohnen"; afries. "buw-a" 3, "bow-a", sw. V. (1), "bauen", "erbauen", "bewohnen";
• Weiterleben: vgl. germ. "*bawjan", sw. V., "bauen", "wohnen"; got. "*baw-iþ-a", st. F. (o), "Hütte", "Bau";
• Weiterleben: vgl. germ. "*buwa-", "*buwaz", st. M. (a), "Bau", "Wohnung"; as. "bu"* 4, as, st. N. (wa), "Bau", "Wohnung", "Haus"; vgl. mnd. "buw", "buwe", N., F.;
• Weiterleben: vgl. germ. "*buwa-", "*buwaz", st. M. (a), "Bau", "Wohnung"; as. "bu-a-n" 3, red. V. (3), sw. V. (1a), "wohnen", "bleiben"; mnd. "buwen", sw. V.;
• Weiterleben: vgl. germ. "*buwa-", "*buwaz", st. M. (a), "Bau", "Wohnung"; althdt. "bu"* 5, st. M. (wa), "Bau", "Wohnung", "Platz" (M.) (1); mhd. "bu", st. M., st. N., "Bau", "Wohnung", "Gebäude"; neuhdt. "Bau", M., "Bau", "Haus", "Gebäude", DW 1, 1161;
• Weiterleben: vgl. germ. "*buwa-", "*buwam", st. N. (a), "Bau", "Wohnung"; an. "bu", st. N. (a), "Wohnung", "Wohnort", "Haushalt", "Vieh";
• Weiterleben: vgl. germ. "*buwa-", "*buwam", st. N. (a), "Bau", "Wohnung"; altengl. "bu" (1), st. N. (a), "Wohnung", "Bau";
• Weiterleben: vgl. germ. "*buwa-", "*buwam", st. N. (a), "Bau", "Wohnung"; altengl. "*by", st. N. (a), "Bau", "Siedlung", "Ort";
• Weiterleben: vgl. germ. "*buwo-", "*buwon", "*buwa-", "*buwan", sw. M. (n), "Bewohner"; an. "bu-i", sw. M. (n), "Bewohner", "Bauer" (M.) (1), "Nachbar";
• Weiterleben: vgl. germ. "*bowi-", "*bowiz", "*buwi-", "*buwiz"?, st. M. (i), "Hof", "Wohnstätte"; germ. "*bowwi-", "*bowwiz", st. M. (i), "Hof", "Wohnstätte"; an. "bœ-r", st. M. (i), "Hof", "Haus";
• Weiterleben: vgl. germ. "*bowi-", "*bowiz", "*buwi-", "*buwiz"?, st. M. (i), "Hof", "Wohnstätte2; germ. "*bowwi-", "*bowwiz", st. M. (i), "Hof", "Wohnstätte"; an. "by-r", st. M. (i), "Hof";
• Weiterleben: vgl. germ. "*bowwon", sw. V., "bauen", "wohnen"; altengl. "by-an", sw. V., "bauen", "wohnen";
• Weiterleben: vgl. germ. "*bowwon", sw. V., "bauen", "wohnen"; afries. "bo-g-ia" 2, sw. V. (2), "wohnen";
• Weiterleben: s. germ. "*bus-", V., "schwellen"; an. "by-s-ja", sw. V., "mit Kraft vorwärtsströmen", "heftig hervorströmen";
• Weiterleben: vgl. germ. "*bura-", "*buraz", st. M. (a), "Bauer" (M.) (2), "Haus", "Gemach"; afries. "bu-r" 50 und häufiger?, st. M. (a), "Bauer" (M.) (1), "Nachbar", "Mitbewohner", "Dorfgenosse";
• Weiterleben: vgl. germ. "*bura-", "*buram", st. N. (a), "Bauer" (M.) (2), "Haus", "Gemach"; got. "*bu-r-j-o", sw. F. (n), "Gebäude";
• Weiterleben: vgl. germ. "*bura-", "*buram", st. N. (a), "Bauer" (M.) (2), "Haus", "Gemach"; an. "bu-r", st. N. (a), "Kammer", "Stube", "Vorratshaus";
• Weiterleben: vgl. germ. "*bura-", "*buram", st. N. (a), "Bauer" (M.) (2), "Haus", "Gemach"; altengl. "bu-r" (2), st. N. (a), "Bauer" (M.) (2), "Kammer", "Hütte", "kleines Haus";
• Weiterleben: vgl. germ. "*bura-", "*buram", st. N. (a), M., "Bauer" (M.) (2), "Haus", "Gemach"; as. "*bu-r"? (1), st. N. (a), "Bauer" (M.) (2), "Haus"; mnd. "bur" (1), N.;
• Weiterleben: vgl. germ. "*bura-", "*buram", st. N. (a), M., "Bauer" (M.) (2), "Haus", "Gemach"; as. "*bu-r"? (2), st. M. (a), "Nachbar", "Bewohner"; mnd. "bur" (2);
• Weiterleben: vgl. germ. "*bura-", "*buram", st. N. (a), M., "Bauer" (M.) (2), "Haus", "Gemach"; althdt. "bur"* (2) 2, st. N. (a), "Haus", "Kammer", "Bauer" (M.) (2); mhd. "bur", M., "Haus", "Kammer", "Bauer" (M.) (2); s. neuhdt. "Bauer", M., "Bauer" (M.) (2), DW 1, 1176;
• Weiterleben: vgl. germ. "*bura-", "*buram", st. N. (a), M., "Bauer" (M.) (2), "Haus", "Gemach"; lat.-althdt. "bura*"?, F., "Schuppen" (M.), "Lager", "Gebäude";
• Weiterleben: vgl. germ. "*bura-", "*buram", st. N. (a), M., "Bauer" (M.) (2), "Haus", "Gemach"; lat.-althdt. "buria"* 5, "burra", F., "Verschlag", "Stall";
• Weiterleben: vgl. germ. "*budla-", "*budlam", st. N. (a), "Haus", "Wohnung", "Hof"; altengl. "bo-l-d", "bo-l-t" (2), "bo-t-l", st. N. (a), "Haus", "Wohnung", "Halle", "Tempel";
• Weiterleben: vgl. germ. "*budla-", "*budlam", "*buþla-", "*buþlam", st. N. (a), "Haus", "Wohnung", "Hof"; afries. "bo-del" 19, st. N. (a), "bewegliche Habe", "Vermögen", "Erbschaft";
• Weiterleben: vgl. germ. "*budla-", "*budlam", st. N. (a), "Haus", "Wohnung", "Hof"; as. "bo-dal"* 2, st. M. (a), "Grundbesitz";
• Weiterleben: vgl. germ. "*budla-", "*budlam", st. N. (a), "Haus", "Wohnung", "Hof"; as. "*bu-t-il"?, st. M.? (a), "Wohnung", "...büttel";
• Weiterleben: vgl. germ. "*budla-", "*budlam", st. N. (a), "Haus", "Wohnung", "Hof"; afries. "*bo-l-d", st. N. (a), "Haus";
• Weiterleben: vgl. germ. "*biusa", Sb., "Binse"; althdt. "bioso"* 4, "biosa"*, sw. M. (n), sw. F. (n)?, "Binse", "Papyrus"; mhd. "biese", sw. F., "Binse"; neuhdt. "Biese", F., "Binse", DW 2, 3;
• Weiterleben: s. germ. "*bauno", st. F. (o), "Bohne"; germ. "*bauno-", "*baunon", sw. F. (n), "Bohne"; afries. "*bâ-n-e"?, sw. F. (n), "Bohne";
• Weiterleben: s. germ. "*bauno", st. F. (o), "*bauno-", "*baunon", sw. F. (n), "Bohne"; althdt. "bona" 14, st. F. (A), sw. F. (n), "Bohne", "Erbse"; mhd. "bcne", st. F., sw. F., "Bohne", "etwas Wertloses"; neuhdt. "Bohn", "Bohne", F., "Bohne", DW 2, 224

"Bau", M., künstlich geschaffene Behausung oder eine sonstige einer Unterbringung dienende Anlage, mhd. "bu", M., N., "Bau", "Wohnung", "Gebäude", ahd. "bu" (765), M., "Bau", "Wohnung", "Platz", "Wohnsitz", as. "bu", N., "Bau", "Wohnung", "Haus", germ. "*buwa", "*buwaz", M., "Bau", "Wohnung", s. idg. "*bheu-", "*bheua-", "*bheue-", "werden", "wachsen", "sein" (V.), "gedeihen", "schwellen", "wohnen"

"Baum", M., "Baum", mhd. "boum", M., "Baum", "Stange", "Stock", ahd. "boum" (765), M., "Baum", "Holz", "Balken", "Pfahl", as. "bo" m, M., "Baum", "Stange", germ. "*bauma", "*baumaz", "*bagma", "*bagmaz", "*bazma", "*bazmaz", M., "Baum", Etymologie ungeklärt, zu idg. "*bheu-", V., "wachsen"?, zu "biegen"?

"Bier", N., "Bier", "Getränk aus Hopfen und Malz und Wasser", mhd. "Bier", N., "Bier", ahd. "bior" (1. Vt. 9. Jh.), N., "Bier", as. "bior", N., "Bier", westgerm. "*beuza", "*beuzam", N., "Bier", zu lat. "biber", Sb., "Getränk"?, zu idg. "*bheru-", V., "brauen"?, zu germ. "*bewwa-", Sb., "Getreide"?, zu idg. "*beu-", "*bheu-", "*bho-", V., "blasen", "schwellen"?, sachlich wird das Brauen seit dem 6./7. Jh. in Klöstern betrieben

lat. "far", lat., N.: nhd. "Getreide", "Dinkel", "Spelt";

Quellenangaben: XII tab. (um 450 v. Chr.);

Etymologie: idg. "*bhares-", Sb., "Gerste", "Spelt", Pokorny 111; s. idg. "*bheu-", "*bheue-", "*bhua-", "*bhue-", "*bhou-", "*bhu-", "*bheuh-", V., "schwellen", "wachsen" (V.) (1), "gedeihen", "sein" (V.), "werden", "wohnen", Pokorny 146;

Literaturhinweise:

• Walde/Hofmann 1, 455,
• Walde/Hofmann 1, 864

lat. "fastigare", lat., V.: nhd. "schräg zulaufen lassen", "spitz zulaufen lassen", "zuspitzen";

Quellenangaben: Mela (43/44 n. Chr.);

Etymologie: s. idg. "*bhares-", Sb., "Gerste", "Spelt", Pokorny 111; vgl. idg. "*bheu-", "*bheue-", "*bhua-", "*bhue-", "*bhou-", "*bhu-", "*bheuh-", V., "schwellen", "wachsen" (V.) (1), "gedeihen", "sein" (V.), "werden", "wohnen", Pokorny 146;

Literaturhinweise:

• Walde/Hofmann 1, 461

lat. "fastigium, lat., N.: nhd. "Neigung", "Erhebung", "Senkung", "schräge Richtung", "Spitze", "Gipfel";

Verweise: s. "semi-";

Hinweis: s. "fastigare";

Quellenangaben:

• Cic. (106-43 v. Chr.),
• Lucr. (96-55 v. Chr.),
• Varro (116-27 v. Chr.);

Etymologie: s. idg. "*bhares-", Sb., "Gerste", "Spelt", Pokorny 111; vgl. idg. "*bheu-", "*bheue-", "*bhua-", "*bhue-", "*bhou-", "*bhu-", "*bheuh-", V., "schwellen", "wachsen" (V.) (1), "gedeihen", "sein" (V.), "werden", "wohnen", Pokorny 146;

Literaturhinweise:

• Walde/Hofmann 1, 461

lat. "favus", lat., M.: nhd. "Wachsscheibe", "Wabe", "Honigwabe", "Honigscheibe", "Honigkuchen";

Quellenangaben:

• Atta;

Etymologie: Etymologie unsicher, vielleicht zu idg. "*bheu-", "*bheue-", "*bhua-", "*bhue-", "*bhou-", "*bhu-", "*bheuh-", V., "schwellen", "wachsen" (V.) (1), "gedeihen", "sein" (V.), "werden", "wohnen", Pokorny 146;

Literaturhinweise:

• Walde/Hofmann 1, 469

lat. "fieri", lat., V.: nhd. "werden", "entstehen", "wachsen" (V.) (1), "erzeugt werden", "gemacht werden", "geschehen";

Verweise: s. "cin-", "de-", "*ex-", "in-", "inter-", "per-", "super-";

Quellenangaben:

• Liv. Andr. (280/260-vor 200 v. Chr.);

Etymologie: "*bheu-", "*bheue-", "*bhua-", "*bhue-", "*bhou-", "*bhu-", "*bheuh-", V., "schwellen", "wachsen" (V.) (1), "gedeihen", "sein" (V.), "werden", "wohnen", Pokorny 146;

Literaturhinweise:

• Walde/Hofmann 1, 504,
• Walde/Hofmann 1, 865

lat. "*fuere", lat., V.: nhd. "sein" (V.);

Etymologie: idg. "*bheu-", "*bheue-", "*bhua-", "*bhue-", "*bhou-", "*bhu-", "*bheuh-", V., "schwellen", "wachsen" (V.) (1), "gedeihen", "sein" (V.), "werden", "wohnen", Pokorny 146;

lat. "metaphysica", mlat., F.: nhd. "Metaphysik";

Interferenz: Lw. gr. "metafusika" ("metaphysiká");

Etymologie: s. gr. "metafusika" ("metaphysiká"), F., "Metaphysik"; vgl. gr. "meta" ("metá"), Präp., "mit", "inmitten", "zwischen", "unter"; gr. "physis", F., "Natur", "Erzeugung", "Geburt"; gr. "phyein", V., "erzeugen", "wachsen (V.) (1) lassen"; vgl. idg. "*meta", Präp., "mit", "zwischen", Pokorny 702; idg. "*me-" (2), Adv., "mitten", Pokorny 702; idg. "*bheu-", "*bheue-", "*bhua-", "*bhue-", "*bhou-", "*bhu-", "*bheuh-", V., "schwellen", "wachsen" (V.) (1), "gedeihen", "sein" (V.), "werden", "wohnen", Pokorny 146;

Weiterleben: nhd. "Metaphysik", F., "Metaphysik";

Literaturhinweise:

• Kluge s. u. Metaphysik

lat. "physica", lat., F.: nhd. "Physik", "Naturlehre";

Quellenangaben:

• Cic. (106-43 v. Chr.);

Interferenz: Lw. gr. "physik téchne";

Etymologie: s. gr. "physik téchne", F., "Physik"; vgl. gr. "physis", F., "Natur", "Erzeugung", "Geburt"; gr. "phyein", V., "erzeugen", "wachsen (V.) (1) lassen"; idg. "*bheu-", "*bheue-", "*bhua-", "*bhue-", "*bhou-", "*bhu-", "*bheuh-", V., "schwellen", "wachsen" (V.) (1), "gedeihen", "sein" (V.), "werden", "wohnen", Pokorny 146;

Weiterleben: mhd. "fisike", F., "Physik"; nhd. "Physik", F., "Physik";

Literaturhinweise:

• Kluge s. u. Physik

lat. "physiologia", lat., F.: nhd. "Naturkunde", "Naturphilosophie", "Physiologie";

Quellenangaben:

• Cic. (106-43 v. Chr.);

Interferenz: Lw. gr. "physiología";

Etymologie: s. gr. "physiología", F., "Naturlehre"; vgl. gr. "physis", F., "Natur", "Erzeugung", "Geburt"; gr. "phyein", V., "erzeugen", "wachsen (V.) (1) lassen"; gr. "lógos", M., "Sprechen", "Wort", "Rede", "Maß", "Berechnung", "Vernunft"; gr. "légein", V., "zählen", "berechnen"; vgl. idg. "*bheu-", "*bheue-", "*bhua-", "*bhue-", "*bhou-", "*bhu-", "*bheuh-", V., "schwellen", "wachsen" (V.) (1), "gedeihen", "sein" (V.), "werden", "wohnen", Pokorny 146; idg. "*lee-", V., "sammeln", "zusammenlesen", Pokorny 658;

Weiterleben: nhd. "Physiologie", F., "Physiologie", "Lehre von den organischen Vorgängen";

Literaturhinweise:

• Kluge s. u. Physiologie

mndt. "bode" (3), "bude", mnd., F.: nhd. "Bude", "kleines von Handwerkern und sogenannten kleinen Leuten bewohntes Haus", "Zelt", "Verkaufsbude und Arbeitsbude", "leichter Bau zu vorübergehender Benutzung", "unterstes Stockwerk", "Erdgeschoss", "Warenraum zu ebener Erde", "Baracke";

Verweise: s. "ambachtbode", "aschebode", "botterbode", "dorbode", "dwerbode", "dweresbode", "garbode", "godesbode", "goltbode", "goltsmedebode", "grumbode", "herincbode", "hokenbode", "hokerbode", "holtbode", "hurbode", "kerkenbode", "klosterbode", "knokenbode", "krambode", "kramærebode", "kremærebode", "kutærebode", "ortbode", "pelsærebode", "pipærebode", "portbode", "prambode", "provenbode", "remenbode", "repærebode", "repelbode", "repslegærebode", "rorbode", "salpeterbode", "scherbode", "schildærebode", "schiltwechtærebode", "schobode", "schrangebode", "schrifbode", "schrodærebode", "sebode", "selbode", "segelbode", "sellebode", "sisebode", "soltbode", "soltebode", "stenbode", "tegelbode", "viltærebode", "vischærebode", "vleschbode", "vodermengærebode", "vogelbode", "vorbode", "wantbode", "wegebode", "wonebode";

Hinweis: vgl. mhd. "buode";

Etymologie: s. mhd. "buode", vgl. germ. "*buwan", st. V., "bauen", "wohnen"; vgl. idg. "*bheu", "*bheue", "*bhua", "*bhue", "*bhou", "*bhu", "*bheuh2", V., "schwellen", "wachsen" (V.) (1), "gedeihen", "sein" (V.), "werden", "wohnen", Pokorny 146; s. Kluge s. v. "Bude";

Redewendungen: bude unde lucht: nhd. „Bude und Luft“, unterstes und oberstes Stockwerk;

Literaturhinweise:

• MndHwb 1, 303 ("bôde"),
• Lü 59a ("bode");

Sonstiges: langes ö, langes ü

mndt. "bur" (1), mnd., M.: nhd. "Bauer" (M.) (1), "Bürger", "Mitbürger", "Wohner", "Bewohner", "Einwohner", "Nachbar", "Nächster", "Salzbeerbter", "Sälzer";

Übersetzungsgleichung: lat. "civis";

Hinweis: s. "gebur", vgl. mhd. "bur" (1);

Verweise: s. "butenbur", "ervebur", "gebur", "jürgenesbur", "kerkbur", "kerkspelbur", "medebur", "pachtbur", "palbur", "papenbur", "schattebur", "telbur", "utbur", "vribur", "wanbur";

Quellenangaben:

• Ssp (1221-1224);

Etymologie: as. "*bu-r"? (2), st. M. (a), "Nachbar", "Bewohner"; germ. "*bura-", "*buram", st. N. (a), M., "Bauer" (M.) (2), "Haus", "Gemach"; vgl.idg. "*bheu", "*bheue", "*bhua", "*bhue", "*bhou", "*bhu", "*bheuh2", V., "schwellen", "wachsen" (V.) (1), "gedeihen", "sein" (V.), "werden", "wohnen", Pokorny 146;

Redewendungen: "bur unde börgære werden": nhd. „Bauer (M.) (1) und Bürger werden“, Wohnsitz und Bürgerschaft in einer Stadt erwerben;

Redewendungen: to eneme bur unde börgære: nhd. „zu einem Bauern und Bürger“ (aufgenommen werden);

Literaturhinweise:

• MndHwb 1, 372 (bûr),
• Lü 70a (bûr);

Sonstiges: Pl. "bure", "buren"

mndt. "bur" (2), mnd., N.: nhd. "Bauer" (M.) (2), "Käfig", "Gehäuse", "Werkstätte des Großschmieds";

Verweise: s. "sacramentesbur", "slachbur", "vatebur", "vinkenbur", "vogelbur";

Hinweis: vgl. mhd. "bur" (2);

Etymologie: as. "*bu-r"? (1), st. N. (a), "Bauer" (M.) (2), "Haus", germ. "*bura-", "*buram", st. N. (a), M., "Bauer" (M.) (2), "Haus", "Gemach"; vgl. idg. "*bheu", "*bheue", "*bhua", "*bhue", "*bhou", "*bhu", "*bheuh2", V., "schwellen", "wachsen" (V.) (1), "gedeihen", "sein" (V.), "werden", "wohnen", Pokorny 146;

Literaturhinweise:

• MndHwb 1, 372 (bûr),
• Lü 70a (bûr)

Sonstiges: Pl. "bure", "buren"

mndt. "buwære"*, "buwer", "buwer", mnd., M.: nhd. "Bauer" (M.) (3), "Erbauer", "Bauer" (M.) (2);

Verweise: s. "kabusbuwære", "kabussenbuwære", "koggenbuwære", molenbuwære", "nabuwære", "orgelbuwære", "prambuwære", "schepebuwære", "schipbuwære";

Hinweis: vgl. mhd. "buwære";

Etymologie: s. "buwen"; s. as. "*bu-r"? (2), st. M. (a), "Nachbar", "Bewohner"; germ. "*bura-", "*buram", st. N. (a), M., "Bauer" (M.) (2), "Haus", "Gemach"; vgl. idg. "*bheu", "*bheue", "*bhua", "*bhue", "*bhou", "*bhu", "*bheuh2", V., "schwellen", "wachsen" (V.) (1), "gedeihen", "sein" (V.), "werden", "wohnen", Pokorny 146;; s. "buwen" (1), "ære";

Literaturhinweise:

• MndHwb 1, 384 (bûwer),
• Lü 72a (buwer);

Sonstiges: langes ö

mndt. "buwe" (1), "buwe", "buw", "bu", mnd., N.: nhd. "Bau", "Bauwerk", "Gebäude", "Baulichkeit", "Bauen" (N.);

Verweise: s. "gebuwe", "hinderbuwe", "inbuwe", "molenbuwe", "notbuwe", "nutbuwe", "vorbuwe", "wedderbuwe";

Hinweis: vgl. mhd. "buwe" (1);

Quellenangaben:

• Ssp (1221-1224) ("buw");

Etymologie: vgl. as. "bu"* 4, as, st. N. (wa), "Bau", "Wohnung", "Haus"; germ. "*buwa-", "*buwaz", st. M. (a), "Bau", "Wohnung"; s. idg. "*bheu", "*bheue", "*bhua", "*bhue", "*bhou", "*bhu", "*bheuh2", V., "schwellen", "wachsen" (V.) (1), "gedeihen", "sein" (V.), "werden", "wohnen", Pokorny 146;

Literaturhinweise:

• MndHwb 1, 383 (bûw[e]),
• Lü 72a (buwe);

Sonstiges: langes ö

mndt. "buwen" (1), "buwen", mnd., sw. V.: nhd. "bauen", "errichten", "wieder herstellen", "Wehren aufwerfen", "Schanzen aufwerfen", "aufbauen", "Acker bestellen", "bebauen", "abbauen", "gebrauchen", "bewohnen", "sich dauernd wo befinden", "einen Anteil schöpfen";

Übersetzungsgleichung: lat. "frequentare";

Verweise: s. "afbuwen", "anebuwen", "erbuwen", "gebuwen", "inbuwen", "molenbuwen", "overbuwen", "tobuwen", "underbuwen", "utbuwen", "vörbuwen", "vulbuwen", "wedderbuwen";

Hinweis: vgl. mhd. "buwen" (1);

Quellenangaben:

• Ssp (1221-1224);

Etymologie: as. "bu-a-n" 3, red. V. (3), sw. V. (1a), "wohnen", "bleiben"; germ. "*buwa-", "*buwaz", st. M. (a), "Bau", "Wohnung"; s. idg. "*bheu", "*bheue", "*bhua", "*bhue", "*bhou", "*bhu", "*bheuh2", V., "schwellen", "wachsen" (V.) (1), "gedeihen", "sein" (V.), "werden", "wohnen", Pokorny 146;

Redewendungen: "mer buwen": nhd. „Meer bauen“, "das Meer befahren" (V.);

Redewendungen: "straten buwen": nhd. „Straßen bauen“, "wandern", "Wege befahren" (V.), "Orte besuchen";

Redewendungen: "helle buwen": nhd. „Hölle bauen“, "sich in der Hölle aufhalten";

Redewendungen: "buwen up": nhd. „bauen auf“, "vertrauen auf";

Literaturhinweise:

• MndHwb 1, 384 (bûwen),
• Lü 72a (buwen);

Sonstiges: langes ö

...
Curiosités
...
2. Pour le verbe "être", seules sont de la famille les formes du participe et celles de l’indicatif imparfait. Quant aux autres formes, elles sont issues

- soit de la racine "*es-" : "être", "es", "est", "êtes", "suis", "sommes", "sont", "sois", etc. (cf. esp. "ser"). Dérivés : "intérêt", "intéresser", "absence", "essence", "entité", "présence", "présenter", "représenter", etc.

- soit de la racine "*BhEU"- : "je fus", etc., "que je fusse", etc. (cf. angl. "be"). Dérivés : "futur", "phyto-", "néophyte", "physique", "physio-", "physionomie", "hypophyse", "probe", "preuve", "prouver", "superbe", "building" (angl.), le mot latin "fiat" dans "Fiat lux" ! (Que la lumière soit !), etc.
...

ide. "*bheu-", "*bheuu-", "*bhua-", "*bhue-" : "*bhou-" : "*bhu-" = engl. "to be", "exist"; "grow", "prosper"

boast (engl.) (W3)

"boast" (n.)

mid-13c., "arrogance", "presumption", "pride", "vanity"; c. 1300, "a brag, boastful speech", from Anglo-French "bost" = "ostentation", probably from a Scandinavian source (compare Norwegian "baus" = "proud", "bold", "daring"), from Proto-Germanic "*bausia" = "to blow up", "puff up", "swell" (source also of Middle High German "bus" = "swelling", dialectal German "baustern" = "to swell"; Middle Dutch "bose", Dutch "boos" = "evil", "wicked", "angry", Old High German "bosi" = "worthless", "slanderous", German "böse" = "evil", "bad", "angry"), from PIE "*bhou-", variant of root "*beu-", "*bheu-", a root supposed to have formed words associated with swelling (see "bull" (n.2)).

The notion apparently is of being "puffed up" with pride; compare Old English "belgan" = "to become angry", "offend", "provoke", "belg" = "anger", "arrogance", from the same root as "bellows" and "belly" (n.). Meaning "a cause of boasting", "occasion of pride" is from 1590s.

Related: "Boasted"; "boasting". An Old English word for "boasting" was "micelsprecende" = "big talk."

Related Entries

• belly
• boastful
• boil
• bull

booth (engl.) (W3)

"booth" (n.)

c. 1200, mid-12c. in place-names, "temporary structure of boards", etc., especially "a stall for the sale of goods or food or entertainment, at a fair", etc., from Old Danish "boþ" = "temporary dwelling", from East Norse "*boa" = "to dwell", from Proto-Germanic "*bowan-", from PIE root "*bheue-" = "to be", "exist", "grow". See also "bower", and compare German "Bude" "booth", "stall", Middle Dutch "boode", Lithuanian "butas" = "house", Old Irish "both" = "hut", Bohemian "bouda", Polish "buda", some of which probably were borrowed from East Norse, some independently formed from the PIE root.

Related Entries

• ""bheue-"
• "bower"
• "tollbooth"

bound (engl.) (W3)

"bound" (v.1)

late 14c., "to form the boundary of", also "to set the boundaries of", "confine within limits"; late 15c., "to be a boundary of", "abut", "adjoin", from "bound" (n.1). Related: "Bounded"; "bounding".

"bound" (v.2)

"to leap", "spring upward", "jump", 1590s, from Middle French "bondir" = "to rebound", "resound", "echo", from Old French "bondir" = "to leap", "jump", "rebound"; originally "make a noise", "sound (a horn)", "beat (a drum)", 13c., ultimately "to echo back", from Vulgar Latin "*bombitire" = "to buzz", "hum" (see "bomb" (n.)), perhaps on model of Old French "tentir", from Vulgar Latin "*tinnitire".

"bound" (adj.1)

"fastened", mid-14c. in figurative sense of "compelled", earlier in fuller form "bounden2 (c. 1300), past-participle adjective from "bind" (v.). Meaning "under obligation" is from late 15c.; the literal sense "made fast by tying (with fetters, chains, etc.)" is by 1550s. In philology, designating a grammatical element which occurs only in combination with others (opposed to free), from 1926. Smyth has "man-bound" (1867), of a ship, "detained in port for want of a proper complement of men."

bound (adj.2)

c. 1200, "boun" = "ready to go"; hence "going or intending to go" (c. 1400), from Old Norse "buinn" past participle of "bua" = "to prepare", also "to dwell", "to live", from Proto-Germanic "*bowan" (source also of Old High German "buan" = "to dwell", Old Danish "both" = "dwelling", "stall"), from PIE root "*bheue-" = "to be", "exist", "grow". Final "-d" is presumably through association with "bound" (adj.1).

"bound" (n.1)

c. 1300, "boundary marker", from Anglo-Latin "bunda", from Old French "bonde" = "limit", "boundary", "boundary stone" (12c., Modern French "borne"), variant of "bodne", from Medieval Latin "bodina", which is perhaps from Gaulish.

From mid-14c. as "an external limit, that which limits or circumscribes"; figuratively, of feelings, etc., from late 14c. From late 14c. as "limits of an estate or territory". Now chiefly in "out of bounds", which originally referred to limits imposed on students at schools; the other senses generally have gone with "boundary".

"bound" (n.2)

"a leap onward or upward", "a springing", 1550s, from "bound" (v.2).

Words related to bound

• "*bheue-"
• "bind"
• "bomb"
• "bond"
• "boundary"
• "bounder"
• "boundless"
• "bourn"
• "bunt"
• "busk"
• "earth-bound"
• "homebound"
• "ice-bound"
• "inbound"
• "iron-bound"
• "march"
• "north-bound"
• "outbound"
• "rebound"
• "snowbound"
• "southbound"
• "spellbound"
• "unbounded"

bucket (engl.) (W3)

"bucket" (n.)

"pail or open vessel for drawing and carrying water and other liquids", mid-13c., from Anglo-French "buquet" = "bucket", "pail", from Old French "buquet" = "bucket", which is from Frankish or some other Germanic source, or a diminutive of cognate Old English "buc" = "pitcher", "bulging vessel", originally "belly" ("buckets" were formerly of leather as well as wood), both from West Germanic "*buh-" (source also of Dutch "buik", Old High German "buh", German "Bauch" = "belly"), possibly from a variant of PIE root "*beu-", "*bheu-" = "to grow", "swell" (see "bull" (n.2)).

"To kick the bucket" = "die" (1785) perhaps is from an unrelated "bucket" = "beam on which something may be hung or carried" (1570s), from French "buquet" = "balance", a beam from which slaughtered animals were hung (by the heels or hooves). This was perhaps reinforced by the notion of suicide by hanging after standing on an upturned bucket; but Farmer calls attention to "bucket" "a Norfolk term for a pulley". "Bucket list" = "list of experiences or achievements one hopes to have or accomplish during one's remaining life", is by 2007, probably based on "kicking the bucket" as "dying," but the phrase was used earlier in algorithm sorting.

Related Entries

• "buckboard"
• "bulk"
• "bull"
• "burette"
• "kick"

filial (engl.) (W3)

filial (adj.)

late 14c., from Late Latin filialis "of a son or daughter," from Latin filius "son," filia "daughter," possibly from a suffixed form of PIE root *bheue- "to be, exist, grow" (see be), but Watkins finds it "more likely" assimilated from *felios, originally "a suckling," a suffixed form of PIE root *dhe(i)- "to suck, suckle."

Related Entries

• *dhe(i)-
• affiliate
• affiliation
• be
• filiation
• filicide
• filioque
• fitz
• hidalgo

physic (engl.) (W3)

physic (n.)

c. 1300, "fysike", "art of healing", "medical science", also "natural science" (c. 1300), from Old French "fisike" = "natural science", "art of healing" (12c.) and directly from Latin "physica" (fem. singular of "physicus") "study of nature", from Greek "physike (episteme)" = "(knowledge) of nature", from fem. of "physikos" = "pertaining to nature", from "physis" = "nature", from "phyein" = "to bring forth", "produce", 2make to grow" (related to "phyton" = "growth", "plant", "phyle" = "tribe", "race", "phyma" = "a growth", "tumor") from PIE root "*bheue-" = "to be", "exist", "grow". Spelling with "ph-" attested from late 14c. (see "ph"). As a noun, "medicine that acts as a laxative", 1610s. The verb meaning "to dose with medicine" is attested from late 14c.

Related Entries

• *bheue-
• -ical
• ph
• physical
• physician
• physics

-phyte (griech.) (W3)

"-phyte", word-forming element meaning "plant", "plant characteristic"; "planting", "growth"; "abnormal growth", from Greek "phyton" "plant", literally "that which has grown", from "phyein" "to bring forth", "make grow", from PIE root "*bheue-" "to be", "exist", "grow".

Related Entries

• *bheue-
• aerophyte
• bryophyte
• epiphyte
• sporophyte