Etymologie, Etimología, Étymologie, Etimologia, Etymology, (griech.) etymología, (lat.) etymologia, (esper.) etimologio
@_ Welt, Mundo, Monde, Mondo, World, (lat.) orbis (terrae), (esper.) mondo
Informatik, Informática, Informatique, Informatica, Informatics, (esper.) komputiko

APWG (W3)

The "Anti-Phishing Working Group" ("APWG") is the global pan-industrial and law enforcement association focused on eliminating the fraud and identity theft that result from phishing, pharming and email spoofing of all types.

What is Phishing and Pharming?

Phishing attacks use both social engineering and technical subterfuge to steal consumers' personal identity data and financial account credentials. Social-engineering schemes use 'spoofed' e-mails to lead consumers to counterfeit websites designed to trick recipients into divulging financial data such as credit card numbers, account usernames, passwords and social security numbers. Hijacking brand names of banks, e-retailers and credit card companies, phishers often convince recipients to respond. Technical subterfuge schemes plant crimeware onto PCs to steal credentials directly, often using Trojan keylogger spyware. Pharming crimeware misdirects users to fraudulent sites or proxy servers, typically through DNS hijacking or poisoning.

cirt
Default Password List

loyola
Intelligence Services

• BfV (German Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz / Counterintel)
• BND (German Bundesnachrichtendienst)
• MAD (German Militärischer Abschirmdienst)

• The United States Intelligence Community
• ODNI (Office of the Director of National Intelligence)
• CIA (Central Intelligence Agency): DI, DS&T, CSI
• FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation) Directorate of Intelligence , NSB
• TREASURY (Treasury Department Office of Intelligence Support) TFI
• NSA (National Security Agency)
• DIA (Defense Intelligence Agency)
• NRO (National Reconnaissance Office)
• NGA (National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency)
• AIA (Air Intelligence Agency)
• INSCOM (Army Intelligence and Security Command)
• ONI (Office of Naval Intelligence)
• MCID (Marine Corps Intelligence Department), see also MCIA
• STATE (Department of State Bureau of Intelligence and Research)
• DEA (Drug Enforcement Administration)
• ENERGY (Department of Energy)
• HOMELAND (intelligence-related components of the Department of Homeland Security)
• COASTGUARD (U.S. Coast Guard Intelligence)
• DNI/IC Related Interest:
• NIC (National Intelligence Council)
• NCTC (National Counterterrorism Center)
• Other United States Government Intelligence Related Servers
• NCIX (National Counter Intelligence Executive)
• NNSA (National Nuclear Security Administration/Department of Energy)
• DOS-OCC (Coordinator for Counterterrorism, Department of State)
• IEB-CWG (Intelink Engineering Board: Collaboration Working Group)
• IOSS (Interagency OPSEC Support Staff)
• JUSTICE (Justice Department); (Office of Intelligence Policy and Review)
• NITFS Technical Board
• CSI (Center for the Study of Intelligence)
• NPS-CCC (Center for Contemporary Conflict at the Naval Postgraduate School)
• ONR (Office of Naval Research)
• PFIAB (President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board)
• ANSIR (FBI Awareness of National Security Issues and Response Program)
• HPSCI (House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence)
• SSCI (Senate Select Committee on Intelligence)
• ATF (Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives)
• DSS (Defense Security Service)
• FINCEN (Financial Crimes Enforcement Network)
• DSS-ACADEMY (Defense Security Service Academy)
• RFJ (Rewards for Justice Program)
• USSS (Secret Service)
• DOSFAN (Department of State Foreign Affairs Network)
• NDIC (National Drug Intelligence Center at DOJ)
• NTIS (National Technical Information Service)
• International Links Related to Strategic Intelligence
• ADIO (Australian Defence Intelligence Organisation)
• ADSD (Australian Defence Signals Directorate)
• IGIS (Australian Inspector-General of Intelligence and Security)
• ASIS (Australian Secret Intelligence Service)
• ASIO (Australian Security Intelligence Organisation)
• ONA (Australian Office of National Assessments)
• PJCIS (Parliamentary Joint Committee on Intelligence and Security - formerly on the ASIO, ASIS, and DSD)
• BFCO (British Foreign and Commonwealth Office)
• MI5 (British Security Service)
• MI6 (British Secret Intelligence Service)
• CCSE (Canadian Communications Security Establishment) [Commissioner's Site][Annual Reports]
• RCMP (Royal Canadian Mounted Police)
• CFIBA (Canadian Forces Intelligence Branch Association)
• The Canadian Intelligence Community: Control and Accountability
• Canadian Intelligence Resource Centre (unofficial)
• CSIC (Canadian Security and Intelligence Community) (or local pdf format)
• CSIS (Canadian Security Intelligence Service)
• CSIS Public Reports (several annual reports available)
• SIRC (Canadian Security Intelligence Review Committee)
• DAS (Colombian Departamento Administrativo de Seguridad)
• AIVD (Dutch General Intelligence and Security Service (Algemene Inlichtingen- en Veiligheidsdienst, formerly BVD) Annual Reports: BVD1998 , BVD2001 (Dutch)(English), AIVD2002 (Dutch) (English) , AIVD2003 (Dutch)(English), AIVD2004 (Dutch)(English), AIVD2005 (Dutch)(English) (all local pdf format)
• IS (Intelligence Stratégique - unofficial site in French)
• BfV (German Bundesamt fuer Verfassungsschutz / Counterintel)
• BND (German Bundesnachrichtendienst)
• MAD (German Militärischer Abschirmdienst)
• NBH (Hungarian National Security Office)
• SISDe (Italian Intelligence and Democratic Security Service-Intelligence magazine)
• GID (Jordanian General Intelligence Department)
• GCSB (New Zealand Government Communications Security Bureau)(annual reports)
• NZSIS (New Zealand Security Intelligence Service)
• NZ-SONS (New Zealand: "Securing Our Nation's Safety" 2000)
• AW (Polish Foreign Intelligence Agency) (also in English)
• ABW (Polish Internal Security Agency)
• SIED (Portuguese Strategic and Defense Intelligence Service)
• SIS (Portuguese Security Intelligence Service)
• AGENTURA (Russian Language Site on Intelligence; some pages in English)
• FSB (Russian Intelligence)
• SVR (Russian Foreign Intelligence)
• ANSP (South Korean Intelligence -- unofficial)
• CNI (Spanish National Intelligence Center: Centro Nacional de Inteligencia)
• SISD (Swedish Intelligence and Security Directorate)
• MIT (Turkish National Intelligence Organization)
• NIM (United Kingdom National Intelligence Machinery)
• GCHQ (United Kingdom Government Communications Headquarters)
• CESG (United Kingdom Communications-Electronics Security Group)
• An extensive library of links is available in French at http://sources.ouvertes.free.fr/ .
• Organizational Sites Related to Strategic Intelligence
• AAA (Air America Association)
• AFCEA (The Armed Forces Communications and Electronics Association)
• AFIO (Association of Former Intelligence Officers)
• AI (Africa Intelligence)
• AIPIO (Australian Institute of Professional Intelligence Officers)
• BCISS (Brunel Centre for Intelligence and Security Studies)
• CASIS (Canadian Association for Security and Intelligence Studies)
• CICENTRE (Center for Counterintelligence and Security Studies)
• CIP (Center for International Policy: Intelligence News and Documents)
• CONET (Numbers Stations Around the World) Also, the project booklet
• CRYPTOME (On-line archival site, via JYA/Urban Deadline)
• CSP (Center for Security Policy)
• FASIRP (Federation of American Scientists Intelligence Resource Program)
• ICG (International Crisis Group)
• IF (Intelligence Forum: Academic Discussion Group on Intelligence)
• IIHA (International Intelligence History Association)
• INT-ONLINE (Intelligence Online -- Newsletter Index)
• IRSN (International Relations and Security Network)
• ISS (Intelligence Studies Section of the International Studies Association)
• IWP (Institute of World Politics, Graduate School of Statecraft and National Security)
• Kim-Spy (Kim-Software Corporation Intelligence Page)
• MASINT (MASINT (Measurement and Signals Intelligence) Association)
• MCCIA (Marine Corps Counterintelligence Association)
• NCMS (National Classification Management Society)
• NSArchives (National Security Archives)
• NCVA (U.S. Naval Cryptologic Veterans Association)
• NSG (Naval Security Group Alumni)
• NISA (Netherlands Intelligence Studies Association)
• OSS (Open Source Solutions)
• PDA (Project on Defense Alternatives - Intelligence Issues page)
• SISG (UK Security and Intelligence Studies Group - University of Reading)
• SPOOKS (The Spooks' Newsletter - Numbers Stations around the world)
• USIC Guide (Document Service Center, Columbia University Libraries)
• 64 Baker Street (Women of the S.O.E.)
• Documents Related to Strategic Intelligence
• Defining the Future of the NRO (The Jeremiah Panel Report, 26 August 1996)
• DCI Reports on Intelligence Community Activities 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002
• CIA IG Report: "Improper Handling of Classified Information by John M. Deutch" (local pdf or via CIA or SSCI)
• Congressional Research Service Reports on Intelligence via Federation of American Scientists
• Foreign Missile Developments and the Ballistic Missile Threat Through 2015 (12/2001) (313KB pdf)
• Global Trends 2015 (local, large ~6.5 MB pdf), or html or pdf via CIA
• Intelligence and Law Enforcement: Countering Transnational Threats to the US, CRS Report RL30252 (pdf)
• Interception Capabilities 2000 (EP Report on ECHELON and COMINT, via NRC Handelsblad)
• The Literature of Intelligence: A Bibliography via Muskingum College
• FY97 and FY98 US Intelligence Budget Statements
• PFIAB Report and Appendix on DOE security Problems (1999)
• CRISIS: Cryptography's Role In Securing the Information Society
• Annual FISA Reports to Congress from DOJ
• Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Title 50 U.S.C. (chapter 36, sec. 1800 ff.)
• Geospatial Intelligence StandardsWorking Group Charter (or local)
• NSA/CSS Strategic Plan 2004-2009 via NSA
• NSA 50th Anniversary Brochure via NSA
• Report of the Independent Commission on NIMA (Jan.2001, 2.5mb pdf)
• DoD Space Technology Guide: Intel Chapter 2000-2001 (600 kb pdf)
• Commission to Assess US National Security Space Management and Organization (Jan. 2001) via space.gov
• National Security Agency: Issues for Congress, CRS Report RL30740, January 16, 2001
• Information Security-Opportunities for Improved OMB Oversight (GAO Report, Sept.1996)
• Redefining Security (Joint Security Commission, 1994) html or pdf formats
• JSC-II: Final Report August 24, 1999 (Joint Security Commission) pdf format
• Acquisition of Technology Relating to WMD and Advanced Conventional Munitions (July-December 2003) or PDF
• GAO/NSIAD-96-225 Foreign Missile Threats: Analytical Soundness of Certain NIEs
• GAO/NSIAD-99-163 Combatting Terrorism: Need for Comprehensive Threat and Risk Assessments of Chemical and Biological Attacks
• GAO/NSIAD-97-53 Foreign Missile Threats: Analytic Soundness of National Intelligence Estimate 95-19
• GAO/NSIAD-98-245 EOP Procedures for...Intelligence Information
• The Environment and National Security Speech (1996)
• Rand Hot Topics: Intelligence Gathering
• SSCI Report on Committee Activities, Jan. 4, 1995-Oct. 3, 1996 (also in pdf)
• SSCI Rules
• DCI Directive 1/7: Security Controls on the Dissemination of Intelligence Information
• Intelligence Oversight Board's Guatemala Review (1996) via CIP
• Department of State's Guatemala Documents
• Executive Order 12863 on the PFIAB (also in pdf format)
• Executive Order 12958: Classified National Security Information (pdf format)
• Executive Order 12968: Access to Classified Information (pdf format)
• Executive Order 12972: Amendment to Executive Order 12958 (pdf format)
• Executive Order 12977: Interagency Security Committee (pdf format)
• Executive Order 13142: Amendment to Executive Order 12958 (also in pdf format)
• Secretary of Defense Annual Report to the President and the Congress 2000 (pdf format, ca 2 mb)2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005
• Technology Collection Trends in the U.S. Defense Industry (2002)
• Checklist for the Future of Intelligence
• Legislative Bills, Laws, and Reports
• Public Law 95-511 [summary] Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA)
• Intelligence Related Laws through March 25, 2003 (via HPSCI or local) (2.6 mb pdf)
• S.2089 A Bill to Amend FISA, introduced in the Senate Feb. 24, 2000 (pdf)
• Executive Summary and Report: Investigation of Espionage Allegations Against Dr. Wen Ho Lee (Released by Sen. Arlen Specter)
• Public Law 104-93 Intelligence Authorization Act for FY1996 (pdf)
• Public Law 104-293 Intelligence Authorization Act for FY1997 (pdf)
• Public Law 105-107 Intelligence Authorization Act for FY1998 (pdf)
• Senate Report 105-24 on the Intelligence Authorization Act for FY1998 (pdf)
• House Report 105-135 on the Intelligence Authorization Act for FY1998 (pdf)
• Conference Report 105-350 on the Intelligence Authorization Act for FY1998 (pdf)
• Public Law 105-272 Intelligence Authorization Act for FY1999 (pdf)
• HR3694(enrolled) Intelligence Authorization Act for FY1999 (pdf)
• Senate Report 105-185 on the Intelligence Authorization Act for FY1999 (pdf)
• House Report 105-508 on the Intelligence Authorization Act for FY1999 (pdf)
• Conference Report 105-780 on the Intelligence Authorization Act for FY1999 (pdf)
• Senate Report 106-3 on Activities of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence
• Senate Report 106-048 on the Intelligence Authorization Act for FY2000 (txt)
• House Report 106-130 on the Intelligence Authorization Act for FY2000 (pdf)
• Conference Report 106-457 on the Intelligence Authorization Act for FY2000 (txt) and (pdf)
• HR1555 (enrolled bill) Intelligence Authorization Act for FY2000 (pdf)
• Public Law 106-120 Intelligence Authorization Act for FY2000 (pdf)
• House Report 106-620 on the Intelligence Authorization Act for FY2001 (pdf)
• Senate Report 106-279 on the Intelligence Authorization Act for FY2001 (pdf)
• Conference Report 106-969 on the Intelligence Authorization Act for FY2001 (pdf)
• Veto Message on Intelligence Authorization Act for FY2001 (November 4, 2000) (pdf)
• Public Law 106-567 Intelligence Authorization Act for FY2001 (pdf)
• House Report 107-219 on the Intelligence Authorization Act for FY2002 (pdf)
• Senate Report 107-63 on the Intelligence Authorization Act for FY2002 (pdf)
• Conference Report 107-328 on the Intelligence Authorization Act for FY2002 (pdf)
• Public Law 107-108 Intelligence Authorization Act for FY2002 (pdf)
• Senate Report 107-149 on the Intelligence Authorization Act for FY2003 (pdf)
• Public Law 107-306 Intelligence Authorization Act for FY2003 (pdf)
• House Report 108-163 on the Intelligence Authorization Act for FY2004 (pdf)
• Senate Report 108-44 on the Intelligence Authorization Act for FY2004 (pdf)
• House Report 108-558 on the Intelligence Authorization Act for FY2005 (pdf)
• Senate Report 108-258 on the Intelligence Authorization Act for FY2005 (pdf)
• House Report 109-101 on the Intelligence Authorization Act for FY2006 (pdf)
• Senate Report 109-142 on the Intelligence Authorization Act for FY2006 (pdf)
• House Report 109-411 on the Intelligence Authorization Act for FY2007 (pdf)
• Senate Report 109-259 on the Intelligence Authorization Act for FY2007 (pdf)
• Public Law 107-56 (USA Patriot Act of 2001)
• Senate Report 109-85 on USA Patriot Act Renewal (2005)
• HPSCI Committee Activity Report for the 105th Congress (173 kb pdf)
• HPSCI Committee Activity Report for the 106th Congress (98 kb pdf)
• SSCI Committee Activity Report for the 107th Congress (pdf)
• Senate Report 107-51 on Committee Activities, Jan. 6, 1999-Dec. 15, 2000. (174 kb pdf)
• Cox Report via House Server or locally on technology transfer and theft of Nuclear Secrets by the PRC
• Report of the Redmond Panel on Improving Counterintelligence at DOE/National Laboratories (pdf)
• SSCI China Report: Report on Impacts to U.S. National Security of Advanced Satellite Technology Exports to the People’s Republic of China (PRC), and Report on the PRC’s Efforts to Influence U.S. Policy
• SSCI Report on the US Intelligence Community's Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq
• Combating Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction Commission Report (1.6 mb pdf)
• Handling of FBI Intelligence Information Related to the Justice Department’s Campaign Finance Investigation (USDOJ/OIG Special Report: July, 1999)
• FBI Intelligence Investigations: Coordination within Justice on Counterintelligence Criminal Matters is Limited (GAO Report 01-780, July, 2001)
• House Reports 109-384 and 109-385 regarding domestic CT surveillance.
• USCODE (U.S. House of Representatives Internet Law Library U.S. Code)
• Hearings, Statements, and Testimony
• William Webster (Fmr. DCI) Testimony before House Committee on National Security February 13, 1997
• Anthony Lake Testimony before the SSCI March 11, 1997
• Thomas R. Wilson, DDIA, before the SSCI 2 February 2000
• George Tenet (DCI), before the SSCI 2 February 2000 [as prepared for delivery]
• John Deutch (Fmr. DCI) Testimony before House Committee on National Security February 12, 1998
• James Woolsey (Fmr. DCI)Testimony before House Committee on National Security, February 12, 1998
• Terrorism and Intelligence Operations, before Joint Economic Committee, May 20, 1998
• CIA: Observations of GAO Access to information on CIA Programs and Activities, GAO Testimony July 18, 2001 (pdf format)
• Disclosure of Classified Information to Congress, before Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, February 4 and 11, 1998 (S. Hrg. 105-729)
• Hearing: Infectious Disease: Threat to America's Health and Security, June 29,2000. H.Serial 106-146 (3.5 MB pdf)
• Hearing: State Department Domestic Security Lapses, May 17, 2000. H.Serial 106-162 (2.4 MB pdf)
• Hearing: Russian Intelligence Activities Directed at the Department of State.Feb.10,2000. S.Hrg.106-565 (225 kb pdf)
• Hearing: NIE on Ballistic Missile Threat to the United States. Feb. 9, 2000. S.Hrg. 106-671 (4.3 MB pdf)
• Hearing: Defense Security Service Oversight, Feb. 16, 2000. H.Serial 106-152 (3.5 MB pdf)
• Inadequate Personnel Security Investigations Pose National Security Risks GAO testimony Feb. 16, 2000
• DOD Personnel: Weaknesses in Security Investigation Program are Being Addressed GAO testimony April 6, 2000
• More Accurate Estimate of Overdue Security Clearance Reinvestigations is Needed GAO testimony September 20, 2000
• Defense Security Service: Mission Degradation? Hearing before Subcom.on Nat.Sec.,Vet.Aff.,and IR of the House Committee of Government Reform, March 2, 2001
• For testimony on U.S. weapons labs and foreign espionage, see technology transfer
• Reorganization, Reform, and Management
• Assessing the 9/11 Panel's Recommendations for Reshaping American Intelligence (2004, via TCF)
• Intelligence and Counterintelligence: Proposed Program for the 21st Century via OSS
• John Millis (HPSCI Staff Director) Address at the CIRA Luncheon, October 5, 1998, via JYA.
• The Road to Intelligence Reform: Paved with Good Intentions (Mel Goodman) via CIP
• Ending the CIA's Cold War Legacy (Mel Goodman) via CIP
• The Failure of Intelligence Review via CIP
• The Future of the CIA (A Policy Impact Panel from CFR)
• IC21: Intelligence Community in the 21st Century via GPO or local
• Commission on Protecting and Reducing Government Secrecy Report via GPO or local
• Commision on the Roles and Capabilities of the US IC via FAS
• Preparing for the 21st Century: An Appraisal of US Intelligence via GPO or local
• Deutch Address (Toward a Better Intelligence Community Relationship)
• Clarridge Address (The Future of U.S. Intelligence/Clandestine Services)
• Report of the Independent Panel on the CIA In-Q-Tel Venture via BENS
• Rethinking Intelligence, via GovExec
• Relevant Intelligence in the Post-Cold War World
• DOD Personnel: Inadequate Personnel Security Investigations Pose National Security Risk (GAO/NSIAD)
• DOD Personnel: More Actions Needed to Address Backlog of Security Clearance Reinvestigations (GAO/NSIAD)
• NRO at the Crossroads (Report of the National Commission for the Review of the NRO, 2000)(6 mb pdf)
• NSA 1999 External Team Review (large pdf file, ca. 2.7 mb)
• NSA 1999 NETeam (Internal) Review (very large pdf file, ca. 6.5 mb)
• Security Clearance Investigation FAQ
• Woolsey and the CIA
• NPR (National Performance Review)Intelligence Agency Activities
• NPR Intelligence Agency Activities Update 1
• NPR Intelligence Agency Activities Update 2
• NPR New Recommendations for Intelligence Agencies
• Gore announces NPR New Recommendations for Intelligence
• U.S. Intelligence Community Reform Studies since 1947 via CSI
• Terrorism / Counterterrorism
• Advisory Panel to Assess Domestic Response Capabilities for Terrorism Involving Weapons of Mass Destruction, Annual Report to Congress, 1999 (pdf, 919 kb)
• Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence (St. Andrews University)
• Combatting Terrorism: Threat and Risk Assessments Can Help Prioritize and Target Program Investments (GAO Report, April 1998)
• Combatting Terrorism: Need for Comprehensive Threat and Risk Assessments of Chemical and Biological Attacks (GAO/NSIAD-99-163)
• FEMA Virtual Library on Terrorism
• Foreign Terrorist Organizations, via U.S. Department of State
• Heritage Foundation Library on Intelligence/Counter-Terrorism
• HEROES (State Department Bureau of Diplomatic Security: Counter-Terrorism Rewards Program)
• Interagency Domestic Terrorism Concept of Operations Plan
• Khobar Towers Bombing Incident (Staff Report, House National Security Committee, August 1996)
• National Commission on Terrorism Report, 2000 (pdf, 3.2 mb)
• National Domestic Preparedness Office
• Office for DomesticPreparedness (Justice Department)
• Patterns of Global Terrorism, 1996 via State Department
• Patterns of Global Terrorism, 1997 via State Department
• Patterns of Global Terrorism, 1998 via State Department
• Patterns of Global Terrorism, 1999 via State Department (or local 3.4 mb pdf)
• Patterns of Global Terrorism, 2000, via State Department
• Patterns of Global Terrorism, 2001, via State Department
• Patterns of Global Terrorism, 2002, via State Department
• Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Site (Centers for Disease Control)
• Report of the Joint Inquiry into the Terrorist Attacks of September 11, 2001 - by the HPSCI and SSCI (5.5mb pdf, via GPO or local)
• Review of the FBI's Handling of Intelligence Information Prior to the September 11 Attacks
• or in pdf
• Terrorism and Intelligence Operations, before Joint Economic Committee, May 20, 1998
• Terrorism: Automated Lookout Systems and Border Security Options and Issues (CRS)(pdf)
• Terrorism Incident Annex to Federal Response Plan (pdf)
• Toward a National Strategy for Combating Terrorism, Advisory Panel to Assess Domestic Response Capabilities for Terrorism Involving Weapons of Mass Destruction 2nd Annual Report to Congress, Dec. 2000
• Terrorism: Near Eastern Groups and State Sponsors, 2001 (CRS)(pdf)
• UK Intelligence and Security Committee's Report into the London Terrorist Attacks on 7 July 2005
• Government Response to the ISC's Report into the London Terrorist Attacks on 7 July 2005
• Report of the Official Account of the Bombing in London on 7 July 2005
• Journals, Articles, and Papers Related to Strategic Intelligence
• Journal of Intelligence and National Security (Table of contents and contact information.)
• Journal of Intelligence History
• Can't Anybody Here Play This Game? (Atlantic Monthly, February 1998)
• Cloaks and Daggers Discussion Archive
• The Coming Intelligence Failure (1997, via CIA)
• Intelligence Papers via CSP
• Intelligence and National Security (15 Year Index)
• International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence (on-line index is available)
• National Security and the Future (International Journal published by the St. George Association)
• Russia's Security Services: A Checklist for Reform (from Perspectives)
• The Pitfalls of U.S. Covert Operations via Cato
• Profile: State Department Bureau of Intelligence and Research
• Making Intelligence Smarter
• Intelligence Lost
• The Warning-Response Problem (via Carnegie Commission)
• The Cryptolog
• Strategic Assessments 1995-1999 via NDU
• The Rapid Expansion of Intelink
• CSIS Commentary
• Kent Center Occasional Papers via CIA
• Unclassified articles from CIA's Studies in Intelligence: On-line index and access via CIA's Kent Center
• Unclassified articles from CIA's Studies in Intelligence (1992) 19mb pdf via CSI or local
• Unclassified articles from CIA's Studies in Intelligence (1994) 18bm pdf via CSI or local
• Unclassified articles from CIA's Studies in Intelligence (1995)
• Unclassified articles from CIA's Studies in Intelligence (1996)
• Unclassified articles from CIA's Studies in Intelligence (1997)
• Unclassified articles from CIA's Studies in Intelligence (1998)
• Unclassified articles from CIA's Studies in Intelligence (Winter 1998-99)
• Unclassified articles from CIA's Studies in Intelligence (Winter 1999-2000)
• Unclassified articles from CIA's Studies in Intelligence (Summer 2000)
• Unclassified articles from CIA's Studies in Intelligence (Fall 2000)
• Unclassified articles from CIA's Studies in Intelligence (Winter-Spring 2001)
• Unclassified articles from CIA's Studies in Intelligence (Fall-Winter 2001)
• Unclassified articles from CIA's Studies in Intelligence (v.46, n.1 2002)
• Unclassified articles from CIA's Studies in Intelligence (v.46, n.2 2002)
• Unclassified articles from CIA's Studies in Intelligence (v.46, n.3 2002)
• Unclassified articles from CIA's Studies in Intelligence (v.46, n.4 2002)
• Unclassified articles from CIA's Studies in Intelligence (v.47, n.1 2003)
• Unclassified articles from CIA's Studies in Intelligence (v.47, n.2 2003)
• Unclassified articles from CIA's Studies in Intelligence (v.47, n.3 2003)
• Unclassified articles from CIA's Studies in Intelligence (v.47, n.4 2003)
• Unclassified articles from CIA's Studies in Intelligence (v.48, n.1 2004)
• Unclassified articles from CIA's Studies in Intelligence (v.48, n.2 2004)
• Unclassified articles from CIA's Studies in Intelligence (v.48, n.3 2004)
• Unclassified articles from CIA's Studies in Intelligence (v.48, n.4 2004)
• Unclassified articles from CIA's Studies in Intelligence (v.49, n.1 2005)
• Unclassified articles from CIA's Studies in Intelligence (v.49, n.2 2005)
• Unclassified articles from CIA's Studies in Intelligence (v.49, n.3 2005) also pdf
• Unclassified articles from CIA's Studies in Intelligence (v.49, n.4 2005) also pdf
• Unclassified articles from CIA's Studies in Intelligence (v.50, n.1 2006)
• Unclassified articles from CIA's Studies in Intelligence (v.50, n.2 2006) also pdf
• Council on Foreign Relations Report on Intel (2/96), via FAS
• Covert Action Quarterly
• Satellite Imagery (article from International Security)
• The Satellite Encyclopedia
• Of Historical Interest
• Cuban Missile Crisis
• CIA Documents on the Cuban Missile Crisis via CSI (large pdf)
• Foreign Relations of the US: Cuban Missile Crisis via State Department
• Kennedy-Khrushchev Exchanges (local)
• RealAudio recordings from Oval Office during Cuban Missile Crisis
• Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962, via NSArchives
• NSA and the Cuban Missile Crisis
• Declassified NSA Documents on the Cuban Missile Crisis
• Presenting the Photographic Evidence Abroad via CSI
• Soviet Deception in the Cuban Missile Crisis via CSI
• Declassification
• CIA's Electronic Document Release Center
• CIA Task Force Report on Greater CIA Openness (1991)
• DCI Gates Response to Task Force Report on Greater CIA Openness (1992)
• Conference Remarks on (De-)Classification by John Podesta (Nov. 1998)
• Declassified Military Resources
• Nazi War Criminal Records Interagency Working Group via NARA
• State Department Electronic Reading Room
• DIA Electronic Reading Room
• FBI Electronic Reading Room
• GWU Declassification Productivity Research Center
• Activities of the Interagency Security Classification Appeals Panel 5/1997-4/1998
• National Archives: Rules on Declassification of National Security Information
• National Archives Guide to OSS Records
• National Archives Guide to CIA Records
• National Archives Guide to DIA Records
• National Archives Guide to FBI Records
• National Archives Guide to FBIS Records
• National Archives Guide to NSA/CSS Records
• Index of Records Declassified under EO12958
• USIA Declassified Historical Information
• Yale Declassification Site
• Foreign Relations of the U.S. 1945-1950, Emergence of the Intelligence Establishment Summary and full text
• Historical Espionage (see also Ames and Hanssen)
• Espionage case summaries from DSS
• CNN's Intelligence Interactive: Cold War Espionage
• NSA Venona Program
• FBI's FOIA documents on Venona (local) (~3 megs) or via FBI server
• FBI Press Release re: Earl Edwin Pitts
• FBI Affidavit re: Harold James Nicholson
• FBI Summary of the Nathan Silvermaster Group via FBI server
• FBI Summary of the Rosenberg Case (local) Part 1 and Part 2 (~3 megs)or via FBI server
• FBI Summary of the Burgess, MacLean, and Philby Cases (local) or via FBI server
• Historical Images of female spies in the Civil War (via UVA)
• Alger Hiss Story, via NYU
• DOJ Final Report on the Leung espionage case
• Ponger - Verber Espionage Case
• Executive Sessions of the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on Government Operations (McCarthy Hearings, 1953-54), via GPO or local (volumes I, II, III, IV, V) [large pdf files, ca. 2.5 mb per volume]
• Spy Letters of the American Revolution (Via University of Michgan)
• Historical SIGINT Topics
• Bletchley Park
• Bletchley Park Trust
• On Enigma and a Method for its Decryption
• Funkaufklaerung im 2. Weltkrieg
• The Turing Bombe
• National Cryptologic Museum
• NSA and the Cuban Missile Crisis
• Declassified NSA Documents on the Cuban Missile Crisis
• Korea: AFSA Role (1.9 mb pdf)
• Korea: Chinese Intervention (1.9 mb pdf)
• Truman Memorandum (Oct. 24, 1952) Establishing NSA (.tif format)
• USS Liberty Memorial Page
• NSA releases (July 2003) of USS Liberty incident audio intercepts, transcripts, and reports
• NSA Venona Program
• FBI's FOIA documents on Venona (local) (~3 megs) or via FBI server
• The Zimmermann Telegraph available in coded or decoded versions
• Research Related Organizations
• Guatemala Document Collection via National Security Archives
• Harvard Project on Cold War Studies
• Cold War International History Project
• International Intelligence History Study Group
• Satellites
• Imaging Space Reconnaissance Operations during the Cold War [William Burrows]
• Corona: America's First Satellite Program (local huge18 mb pdf) or via CIA's CSI
• Index, Declassified Collection of CORONA, ARGON, and LANYARD Records, 26 Nov 97
• The Life and Death of Cosmos 954 from Studies in Intelligence, Spring 1978 (pdf file, 587 kb)
• NRO Launches from 1959-1965 (F97-0007)
• Declassified Satellite Images: Corona
• Declassified Satellite Images: Ocean Topography
• Other Historical Documents and Subjects
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• My Years with the CIA by Historian George C. Herring
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• DIA, Global Threats and Challenges to the United States and its Interests Abroad, 5 February 1997
• CIA, Comments on Ballistic Missile Threat, 1995.
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• Volume 4: The legality of the interception of electronic communications (pdf via FAS)
• Volume 5: The perception of economic risks arising from the potential vulnerability of electronic commercial media to interception (pdf via FAS)

Mayday (W3)

mayday

das Wort: "Mayday" - Sonntag, 07.11.2004 - Mit Hinrich Schmidt-Henkel, unserem Übersetzer aus Berlin, entdecken wir heute den Ursprung einiger Ausdrücke, die viel in der Welt herumgekommen sind.
...
"Jeanshose": Um das Jahr 1850 herum ließ sich in San Francisco ein gewisser Levi-Strauss eine Hose mit fünf Taschen patentieren, die für die kalifornischen Goldsucher gedacht war. Diese Hose wurde nach dem Vorbild eines Beinkleides gemacht, das in Norditalien weit verbreitet war, an der ligurischen Küste, rings um die Stadt "Genua". "Genua" auf Französisch "Gênes", auf Englisch "Genes". Also: ein italienisches Wort, auf Englisch ausgesprochen, kommt hier als amerikanische Kreation zu uns zurück.
...
Dieses Tuch heißt "Denim". Spielen wir ein bisschen mit der Schreibweise, und schon haben wir einen Hinweis auf die Herkunft. In der Tat wurde dieser Baumwollstoff schon im 16. Jahrhundert in Südfrankreich gewebt, eine Qualität, die "Serge" heißt, aus "Nîmes" stammt: "La serge de Nîmes" - "de Nîmes", wenn man das englisch ausspricht und etwas verschleift, hat man "Denim".
...

Sendung vom 5. Februar 2006 - 05/02/06
das Wort: Mayday
Mit Hinrich Schmidt-Henkel, unserem Übersetzer aus Berlin, entdecken wir heute den Ursprung einiger Ausdrücke, die viel in der Welt herumgekommen sind.
...

le mot : "Mayday"

Karambolage 30 - 7 novembre 2004

Hinrich Schmidt-Henkel, notre traducteur berlinois, nous invite aujourd’hui à découvrir l’origine de quelques mots ou expressions qui ont beaucoup voyagé.

Mayday ! Mayday !

Vous connaissez tous ce cri de détresse qu’un capitaine, quelle que soit sa nationalité ou sa langue, adresse au monde entier pour lancer un SOS. Et, il suffit de voir n’importe quel film américain de catastrophe aérienne pour voir un Tom Cruise par exemple lancer à sa radio "Mayday ! Mayday !" quand le suspense est à son comble. Moi, je me suis toujours dit : c’est curieux - may - le mois de mai, day - le jour. Quel est le rapport ?
...

Airbräu Mayday

"Détresse": n.f. Situation d'un bâtiment désemparé en situation de grand danger. Les règles relatives à la sauvegarde de la vie humaine en mer stipulent qu'un appel de détresse (signal "Mayday") ne doit être émis que lorsqu'un navire et l'ensemble de ses occupants courent un péril grave et imminent (voie d'eau importante, incendie à bord, risque d'être drossé sur un danger pouvant conduire au naufrage, etc.). On ne lance pas un appel de détresse pour un démâtage ou une panne de moteur (sauf si cette avarie conduit à un risque imminent beaucoup plus grave), pas même pour un homme à la mer (dans ce dernier cas on lance un message d'urgence). Cet appel s'adresse à tous et a une priorité absolue. L'appel prend la forme suivante :

"Mayday" (répété trois fois), ici [nom du navire] (répété trois fois), position du navire, nature de la détresse, secours demandés, intentions du chef de bord et toute autre information susceptible d'aider les secours.

A la réception d'un tel message, il faut faire silence sur le canal utilisé (canal 16 en VHF, 2182 kHz en BLU). Si, après un laps de temps de 15 à 20 secondes, aucune station côtière n'a répondu, le récepteur pourra émettre un accusé de réception du mayday (« Reçu mayday »), demander éventuellement des renseignements complémentaires et préciser le temps nécessaire pour arriver sur zone. De plus, si aucune station côtière n'a répondu, il est conseillé d'essayer de retransmettre l'appel par un message de type Mayday Relay. Il va sans dire (mais ça va mieux en le disant) qu'il est obligatoire de porter secours à un bateau en détresse (si l'on est en mesure de le faire).

"Mayday": n.m. Signal international de détresse utilisé pour la sauvegarde de la vie humaine en mer, correspondant à l'ancien "SOS" ("trois points, trois traits, trois points") de l'époque où les radiotélécommunications s'effectuaient en morse. Malgré la graphie anglaise, le mot "mayday" est en fait une transcription phonétique adoptée internationalement du français "m'aider". Voir "Détresse".

"Sauvegarde de la vie humaine en mer" ("SVH"): Loc.f. Un certain nombre de procédures de radiotéléphonie sont codifiées pour assurer la "SVH" en mer. Il est obligatoire (pour les navires « astreints ») ou au moins vivement recommandé (pour les autres bateaux) d'assurer une veille permanente sur les fréquences internationales de détresse (canal 16 en VHF, 2182 kHz en BLU). En outre, le nouveau système de balises automatiques de détresse (SARSAT-COSPAS) émet sur 121,5 MHz (fréquence de détresse internationale aéronautique) et sur 406,025 MHz (fréquence captée par des satellites). Il existe trois types de messages particuliers relatifs à la "SVH" : le message de détresse (signal "Mayday"), le message d'urgence (signal Pan Pan) et le message de sécurité (signal Sécurité), qui doivent être émis sur les fréquences de détresse signalées ci-dessus.

mayday

"distress call", 1923, apparently an Englished spelling of French "m'aider", shortening of "venez m'aider" "come help me!" But possibly a random coinage with coincidental resemblance:

"May Day" Is Airplane SOS

ENGLISH aviators who use radio telephone transmitting sets on their planes, instead of telegraph sets, have been puzzling over the problem of choosing a distress call for transmission by voice. The letters SOS wouldn't do, and just plain "help!" was not liked, and so "May Day" was chosen. This was thought particularly fitting since it sounds very much like the French m'aidez, which means "help me." ["The Wireless Age," June 1923]

Species in Mayday Seamount

Species - Name - Family - Habitat - Length (cm) - Trophic Level - Status

• Bembradium roseum Bembridae bathydemersal 13.4 TL 3.4 native
• Decapterus punctatus Round scad Carangidae reef-associated 36.6 TL 4.3 native
• Pyramodon parini Carapidae benthopelagic 30.5 TL 3.9 native
• Chaunax latipunctatus Chaunacidae bathydemersal 16.5 TL 3.9 native
• Chlorophthalmus ichthyandri Chlorophthalmidae bathydemersal 25.2 TL 3.6 native
• Centrodraco nakaboi Draconettidae bathydemersal 11.4 TL 3.3 native
• Etmopterus lucifer Blackbelly lanternshark Etmopteridae benthopelagic 47.0 TL 4.2 native
• Rexea antefurcata Long-finned escolar Gempylidae benthopelagic 88.4 TL 4.4 native
• Coelorinchus spilonotus Macrouridae benthopelagic 20.0 TL 4.5 native
• Hymenocephalus semipellucidus Macrouridae bathydemersal 16.5 TL 3.3 native
• Hymenocephalus striatulus Macrouridae bathypelagic 18.0 TL 3.3 native
• Ventrifossa macrodon Macrouridae bathydemersal 40.0 TL 3.8 native
• Ventrifossa teres Macrouridae bathydemersal 24.0 TL 3.7 native
• Laemonema yuvto Moridae bathydemersal 23.3 TL 3.4 native
• Tripterophycis svetovidovi Brown grenadier cod Moridae bathypelagic 28.5 TL 3.4 native
• Lampadena urophaos urophaos Sunbeam lampfish Myctophidae pelagic-oceanic 17.1 TL 3.3 native
• Nettastoma falcinaris Nettastomatidae bathydemersal 68.2 TL 3.5 native
• Polymetme andriashevi Phosichthyidae bathydemersal 25.5 TL 3.7 native
• Polyipnus inermis Sternoptychidae bathypelagic 7.8 TL 3.3 native
• Synaphobranchus affinis Grey cutthroat Synaphobranchidae benthopelagic 160.0 TL 4.2 native
• Benthodesmus elongatus Elongate frostfish Trichiuridae benthopelagic 100.0 TL 3.9 native

Molecular Expressions Microscapes Gallery

"Mayday" - Constructed with liquid crystalline DNA, ethidium bromide crystallites, and the microscope field diaphragm.

A multiple (4) exposure of liquid crystalline DNA (the foreground), the microscope field diaphragm defocused with a yellow filter (the sun and it's reflection), and ethidium bromide crystallites (the asteroid belts). This photomicrograph utilizes both brightfield and polarized light photomicrography.

Echols County - Includes the cities of Fruitland, Haylon, Howell, Mayday, Needmore, Potter, Statenville and Tarver.

Mayday | Mayday fini | Mayday relais | Silence mayday

Mayday

• Mayday Answer
• Mayday Game

Wednesday, 17 October 2012
Mayday! M'aidez!
...

...
Although posters were produced in Russia before the Revolution, they were overshadowed by the remarkable propaganda posters of the Soviets. Lenin takes responsibility for creating the first truly modern propaganda machine, from postage stamps and "Mayday parades" to monumental sculptures. Perhaps its most colorful, dramatic and original form was the poster. Through it, the greatest artists of the time proclaimed government policies, asked for support, and demanded greater efforts - all with the goal of building Soviet power.
...

• Mayday antedating Victor Steinbok
• Mayday antedating Garson O'Toole

Subject: Mayday antedating
From: Victor Steinbok
Date: Sun, 2 Sep 2012 23:23:43 -0400

There is an absolute limit, apparently, on dating "Mayday", as Wiki states that it was invented in 1923 at Croydon. It's actually one of the better known histories, given that we know who, where and roughly when (no date is specified, but, I'm sure, someone, somewhere has recorded that little bit of history too).

The Mayday callsign originated in 1923 by Frederick Stanley Mockford (1897-1962).[4] A senior radio officer at Croydon Airport in London, Mockford was asked to think of a word that would indicate distress and would easily be understood by all pilots and ground staff in an emergency. Since much of the traffic at the time was between Croydon and Le Bourget Airport in Paris, he proposed the word "Mayday" from the French m’aider. "Venez m'aider" means "come help me."

But the OED only gives a 1927 quote:

> 1927 /Internat. Radio Telegraph Convention/ 51 Rules apply to the radio telephone distress call which consists of the spoken expression /Mayday/, (corresponding to the French pronunciation of the expression 'm'aider').
...

Word History

Where Does the Word 'Mayday' Come From?

The amazing origin of a famous distress call

"May Day": a day we in the northern hemisphere have historically reserved for fun springtime activities, like the maypole and picnics; a day when we can see summer and sprinklers and Popsicles right around the corner; a day that can't help but bring to mind ... airplane pilots calling for help?
...

Mayday! Lost at Sea DVD Exclusive

Uncommercial Traveller
Title: The Uncommercial Traveller
Author: Charles Dickens
Source: Gutenberg Source
URL: http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/914
THE UNCOMMERCIAL TRAVELLER
CHAPTER I-HIS GENERAL LINE OF BUSINESS
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There is another class of birthdays at which I have so frequently assisted, that I may assume such birthdays to be pretty well known to the human race. My friend Mayday’s birthday is an example.
...

mayday

Pourquoi dit-on 'mayday ! mayday !' ?

mayday

May Day

Mayday

Handling distress calls at sea

Mayday

De radionoodoproep "mayday" (3x) mocht tot een paar jaar geleden alleen gebruikt worden op zee en ruim water. Inmiddels ook op binnenwater. Het internationale noodsignaal is waarschijnlijk een verbastering van het Franse "m'aider" (mij helpen, help me). De noodoproep zou voor het eerst gebruikt zijn in 1923 op voorstel van F.S. Mockford, verkeersleider van Croydon Airport in London.
...

Thu, 1 May 2008: Mayday

This internationally recognized distress signal, pressed into easy English spelling and pronunciation, is from French m'aidez or m'aider ("help me!"). We salute it today, on May Day, a day for various celebrations in countries around the world.

mayday

Common French Words in American English

Mayday! Mayday! Mayday!

May 05, 2014
Words and Their Stories
Mayday! Mayday! Mayday!
...
"Mayday" has nothing to do with the month of "May". It comes from the French expressions "venez m'aider", or "m'aidez", which mean "help me".

Frederick Stanley Mockford created the mayday call signal in the 1920s. Mockford was a radio officer at Croydon Airport in London. He was asked to think of a word that could be used in an emergency. The word had to be easily understood by all pilots and airport workers. Much of the air traffic at that time was between Croydon Airport and Le Bourget Airport near Paris, France. So he proposed the word "mayday".
...
Many other French words are commonly used in English.

• "sabotage"
• "laissez-faire" ... It was first used in France in the 18th century.
• "entrepreneur"
c
• "film noir"
• "avant-garde"
• "resumé"
• "unique"
• "sauté"
• "bon appétit"
• "bon voyage"

"Mayday": an internationally recognized distress signal via radiotelephone (from the French m'aider)

MAYDAY

([venez] m'aider, come to help me"; note that aidez-moi means "help me") the following is a message of extreme urgency, the highest level of danger. (MAYDAY is used on voice channels for the same uses as SOS on Morse channels.)

...
"Mayday" is an emergency code word used internationally as a distress signal, derived from the French "M'aidez!" ("help me").
...

Mayday! Mayhem!

Dear Evan: Can you tell me the origin of "mayhem"? I have bet one of my co- workers that it is related to "mayday," a cry for help. -- L. Kotula, New York City.
...

mayday

mayday

Dave Wilton, Saturday, October 28, 2006

This distress call is a phonetic representation of the French "m’aider", literally "help me". In this case the change from the French is deliberate and not a result of folk etymology. Its use dates to the 1927 International Radio Telegraph Convention:

Rules apply to the radio telephone distress call which consists of the spoken expression "Mayday", (corresponding to the French pronunciation of the expression "m’aider").

(Source: Oxford English Dictionary, New Edition)

"Mayday", int. and n.2 1927 saw the convening of the International Radiotelegraph Conference in Washington, D. C., an organization which met periodically to standardize rules and procedures governing international communications. One of the measures they adopted that year was the use of "mayday", from the French "m’aider" "help me", as a distress signal.

Mayday or mayday (MAY-day) noun
A distress signal; a call for help.
...

Mayday - Rose

00 Hinweis: -----------------------------------	Hinweis: --------------------------------------------------------------
01 Hinweis: Bild
02 Hinweis: Bemerkung
03 Hinweis: Literatur
10 Name: --------------------------------------	Name: -----------------------------------------------------------------
11 Name: Sortier Name
12 Name: Exhibition Name
13 Name: Registration Name
14 Name: Synonyme	Mayday
15 Name: Auszeichnungen / Awards
20 Genealogie: --------------------------------	Genealogie: -----------------------------------------------------------
21 Genealogie: Gattung / Sektion / Art	Floribunda
22 Genealogie: Elternrosen / Herkunft / Parentage	seedling of Pinocchio (floribunda, Kordes, 1940) × seedling of Hybrid Tea
23 Genealogie: Kinderrosen / Nachkommen
24 Genealogie: Sports / Mutationen
25 Genealogie: Verwendung / Utilisation / Gebruik / Use	Florists Rose
26 Genealogie: Erscheinungsjahr / DOB (Date of Birth)	1957
27 Genealogie: Züchter / Entdecker / Breeder / Hybridizer	Eugene S. "Gene" Boerner, US, 1957, Introduced in United States by Jackson & Perkins Co.
30 Blüte: -------------------------------------	Blüte: ----------------------------------------------------------------
31 Blüte: Farbe / Bloemkleur / Flower Colour	Light pink
32 Blüte: Duft / Fragrance / Geurend / Scent Strength	Strong fragrance
33 Blüte: Eigenschaften / Flowering Habit	Blooms in flushes
34 Blüte: Blütenblätter-Anzahl / Petals	30 petals
35 Blüte: Form / Forme de la fleur / Bloom Shape
36 Blüte: Größe / Bloem / Bloom Size
37 Blüte: Typ / Bloom Type
38 Blüte: Zeit / Floraison / Bloeitijd / Flowering Period	throughout the season
39 Blüte: Bienenfreundlichkeit
40 Pflanze: -----------------------------------	Pflanze: --------------------------------------------------------------
41 Pflanze: Blätter, Laub / Feuillage / Foliage
42 Pflanze: Dornen / Stacheln / Thornyness
43 Pflanze: Hagebutten / Hips / Hip Colour / Hip Shape
44 Pflanze: Knospen / Buds
45 Pflanze: Stiele / Stems
50 Wuchs: -------------------------------------	Wuchs: ----------------------------------------------------------------
51 Wuchs: Form / Vorm / Growth Habit
52 Wuchs: Abstand / Dist. de plantation
53 Wuchs: Höhe / Taille / Height / Hauteur
54 Wuchs: Weite / Width
60 Gesundheit: --------------------------------	Gesundheit: -----------------------------------------------------------
61 Gesundheit: Bodenansprüche / Cultivation
62 Gesundheit: Bakterien, Pilze, Viren
63 Gesundheit: Tierische Schädlinge
64 Gesundheit: Hitze
65 Gesundheit: Kälte
66 Gesundheit: Nässe
67 Gesundheit: Trockenheit
68 Gesundheit: Schatten
99 --------------------------------------------	-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Mayday (Floribunda, Boerner, 1957)

SOS
S.O.S. (W3)

28/03/2006 - SOS cocotiers - France

15/11/2004 - Le SOS des oiseaux d’Europe - Monde

...
Many think that it stands for "save our ship", "save our skins", or "save our souls", but it doesn't stand for anything and never has.
...
"Mayday", from French "(venir) m'aider" "(come) help me", is the verbal equivalent of "SOS" for aircraft, ships, and other vehicles in distress.
...
Word History: Today's Good Word is composed of the letters corresponding to the Morse Code distress call: "• • • - - - • • •". "SOS" was officially adopted as the world-wide distress signal by the International Radio Telegraph Convention July 1, 1908. It replaced "CQD", from "CQ", a signal simply alerting all stations on a telegraph line + "D" for "distress". "CDQ" was easily mistaken for a word. "SOS" was chosen because it was both easy to tap out on a telegraph key and caught a telegraphist's attention, since it consisted of nine straight characters with no intervening spaces. The other letters in Morse code contain two to five dots and/or dashes and are separated by spaces.

Das Morsezeichen "...---..." wurde, da es sehr auffällig war, als Notsignal eingeführt. Zufällig waren es die Buchstaben "S,O,S", woraus dann nachträglich "save our souls" gedeutet wurde.

In Deutschland entstanden andere Umdeutungen. Zum Beispiel eine, die die Geschenklösung für den Mann zu Weihnachten abkürzte: "Schlips - Oberhemd - Socken".

(© blueprints Team)

Morse-Code SOS soll Standard werden (03.10.1906) - 03.10.2011

Dreimal kurz, dreimal lang, dreimal kurz. SOS. Dieser Morsecode soll künftig das allgemeine Notrufzeichen auf See darstellen. Doch als am 3. Oktober 1906 die internationale Funktelegrafie-Konferenz in Berlin beginnt, ist noch nicht sicher, dass sich der Vorschlag durchsetzen lässt. Zwei Funksysteme konkurrieren um die Vorherrschaft.

Audio abspielen | Audio runterladen | [Audio]-Infos

"Eurycea sosorum Chippindale", Price, Hillis, 1993 ("Barton Springs salamander") The salamander has a very small range. "The species is named in honor of the citizens of Austin, Texas, whose efforts to protect the quality of Barton Springs resulted in the passage of a citizen's aquifer-protection initiative in 1992. This initiative is known locally as the "SOS" ("Save Our Springs") Ordinance, and its supporters as "SOSers". The specific name "sosorum" is the plural mixed-gender genitive form of the acronym "SOS"." [Herpetologica 49:248-259]

SOS

SOS

Zoekresultaten

• sos (socialist)
• sos (noodsein)

"SOS"

1910, from International Morse code letters, chosen arbitrarily as being easy to transmit and difficult to mistake. Not an initialism (acronym) for "save our ship" or anything else. Won out over alternative suggestion "C.Q.D.", which is said to mean "come quickly, distress," or "CQ", general call for alerting other ships that a message follows, and "D" for danger. "SOS" is the telegraphic distress signal only; the oral equivalent is "mayday".

• SOS - Alarmstufe Rot (GB 2008)
• SOS - Morro Castle (D 1966)
• SOS am Piha Beach (NZ 2003-)
• SOS 18 (F 2002-2010)
• SOS für alle Felle (D 2009)
• SOS Garten (D 2011)
• Sos mi vida (RA 2006-)
• SOS Team International (F 1996-1997)

• S.O.S. - Hills End antwortet nicht (AUS 1988)
• S.O.S. Barracuda (D 1997-2002)
• S.O.S. Charterboot (AUS 1968-1969)
• S.O.S. Croco! (F 1997-2000)
• S.O.S. Tierbabys (D 2007-2009)
• S.O.S. Tiernotruf (GB 1997-2003)
• S.O.S. vermißt (F 1986)

SOS Indochine, Andrée Viollis, 1935, texte intégral

SOS

Grant, Reginald: S.O.S. Stand to! (English) (as Author)

What is a "special ordered set" ("SOS")?

SOS

"SOS" /S-O-S/ /n. obs./

1. An infamously losing text editor. Once, back in the 1960s, when a text editor was needed for the PDP-6, a hacker crufted together a quick-and-dirty "stopgap editor" to be used until a better one was written. Unfortunately, the old one was never really discarded when new ones (in particular, "TECO") came along. "SOS" is a descendant ("Son of Stopgap") of that editor, and many PDP-10 users gained the dubious pleasure of its acquaintance. Since then other programs similar in style to "SOS" have been written, notably the early font editor "BILOS" /bye'lohs/, the Brother-In-Law Of Stopgap (the alternate expansion "Bastard Issue, Loins of Stopgap" has been proposed).

2. /sos/ /vt./ To decrease; inverse of "AOS", from the PDP-10 instruction set.

SOS

sigle? masculin?.  [puce]. Silicon On Sapphire. Type de circuit intégré, réalisé à l'aide de silicium déposé sur du saphir.

Très résistant aux radiations.

What Does SOS Stand For?
...
The Logic Behind "SOS"

So why use that specific string of dots and dashes if there’s no meaning to it? Because it was the best way to get the job done.
...

• "AYSOS" - "Are You Stupid Or Something"
• "DDSOS" - "Different Day, Same Old Sh**"
• "RUSOS" - "Are You SOS" (in trouble)?
• "SOS" - "Same Old Sh**" -or- "help"
• "SOSAD" - "Same Old Song And Dance"

SOS Band

The origins of "SOS" and "Mayday"

"S.O.S" became the worldwide standard distress signal (particularly in maritime use) on 1 July 1908, having first been adopted by the German government three years earlier. It has since entered the awareness of those who are unlikely ever to summon help at sea - appearing in contexts as varied as the title of songs by ABBA, Rihanna, and the Jonas Brothers, and the home renovation TV programme DIY SOS.

The origin of S.O.S.

Various theories have arisen regarding the origins of "S.O.S.", with suggestions that it is an initialism for "save our ship", "save our souls", or "send out succour". Given its German origins, it would be surprising if "S.O.S." stood for an English expression - and in fact these are all examples of folk etymology. "S.O.S." doesn’t stand for anything but was chosen because it is easily transmitted in "Morse" (also known as Morse code), an alphabet named after its inventor "Samuel Morse" in which letters are represented by combinations of long and short light or sound signals. "S.O.S." is transmitted as "· · · - - - · · ·"; that is, "dot-dot-dot, dash-dash-dash, dot-dot-dot".

Within a decade of its standardization, the term "S.O.S." was used outside of radio code signals, in the transferred sense of "an urgent message or appeal for help", and has also been used as an abbreviation for various informal phrases beginning same old ("same old stuff", "same old story", etc.).

"Mayday"
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Pourquoi le "SOS crash" à t-il été inventé?

Pourquoi le "tampon SOS" a eu tant de succès?

Pourquoi envoie-t-on un 'S.O.S.' ?

What is "Save our Squirrels" ("SOS")?

Save our Squirrels is the largest single-species conservation project taking place in the UK at present. Launched in July 2006, the project has the remit to deliver red squirrel conservation, information, and access projects in Northumberland, Cumbria, North Yorkshire, and North Merseyside.
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Wir sind auf allen Kontinenten für Kinder in Not aktiv. Mit 571 Kinderdörfern weltweit.

S.O.S. Storch

Dr. Bombay: S.O.S. (the tiger took my family)

"SOS": Show all (231)

Acronym - Definition

• SOS - "MAYDAY" (logging abbreviation)
• SOS - "Sibling Over Shoulder" (chat)
• SOS - [not an acronym] a common misconception is that SOS means "Save Our Ship" / "Save Our Souls" (a distress call); the letters don't actually stand for anything
• ...

1975: S.O.S. - by ABBA

1980: Take Your Time (Do It Right) - by The S.O.S. Band

2006: SOS - by Rihanna

2007: S.O.S. - by Jonas Brothers

"SOS"

• "Silicon On Sapphire"
• "Sophisticated Operating System"
• "Standards and Open Systems"

SOS im Quadrat - Squared SOS

SOS

• Wechseln zu: Navigation, Suche
• SOS, S.O.S., SoS, sos steht für:
• Technik und Gesellschaft:
• SOS (Notsignal), ein internationales Notsignal
• georgisches Kfz-Kennzeichen für Feuerwehr- und andere Rettungsfahrzeuge
• Seminar für Orientalische Sprachen, eine 1887 gegründete Einrichtung der Universität Berlin
• Sensor Observation Service, einen Dienst zur Steuerung von eingebundenen Sensoren sowie zum Empfang von Sensor- & Observationsdaten
• Silicon-on-Sapphire, eine strahlenresistente Bauform in der Halbleitertechnologie
• Somalia-Schilling, die Währung von Somalia (ISO-Abkürzung)
• Son of sevenless, ein Protein; siehe Sevenless-Mutante
• Sons of Silence, ein internationaler Motorradclub
• SOS-Antwort, eine allgemeine Reaktion von Prokaryonten bei DNA-Schäden
• S.O.S. - Charterboot, eine australische Fernsehserie
• Sos (Lot-et-Garonne), eine französische Gemeinde in der Region Nouvelle-Aquitaine
• SoS (Vereinigung), Vereinigung zum Studium ohne Studiengebühren
• Stage On Screen - Screen On Stage, International Festival of Performing Arts&Media Ludwigsburg
• Strukturelle Operationelle Semantik, eine Technik der Informatik
• Suisse-Occidentale-Simplon, eine ehemalige schweizerische Eisenbahngesellschaft
• Apple SOS, ein Betriebssystem

Marketing:

• Start of Sale

Musik und Unterhaltung:

• Save Our Souls, eine US-amerikanische Post-Hardcore-Band
• Save Our Souls - S.O.S, ein Musikalbum der K*Rings Brothers
• ein 1989 erschienenes Lied von der Band Silly, im Album Februar
• SOS (ABBA-Lied), ein Lied der schwedischen Pop-Gruppe ABBA
• SOS - Hills End antwortet nicht, eine australische Fernsehserie
• SOS (Rihanna-Lied), ein Lied von Rihanna
• S.O.S. Band, eine amerikanische Funk-/R&B-Gruppe

Sós ist der Name von

• Ferenc Sos (1934-2011), einem 1978 in Deutschland verurteilen ungarischen 5-fach-Mörder, siehe Mord an Familie Kraemer
• Károly Sós (1909-1991), ungarischer Fußballspieler und -trainer
• Vera T. Sós (* 1930), ungarische Mathematikerin

Siehe auch:

• SOS-Kinderdorf

SOS

Dave Wilton, Sunday, March 25, 2007

"SOS" was chosen as the universal distress signal by the International Radio Telegraph Convention of July 1908 because this combination of three dots followed by three dashes followed by three dots ("...---..."), was easy to send and easily recognized, especially since they were usually sent as a nine-character signal, which stood out against the background of three-character Morse Code letters. The letters themselves are meaningless. From John A. Fleming’s 1910 second edition of The Principles of Electric Wave Telegraphy:

This signal, "S,O,S", has superseded the Marconi Company’s original high sea cry for help, which was "C,Q,D".

SOS is another “word” with a false acronymic origin. "SOS" does not stand for "Save Our Souls", "Save Our Ship", "Stop Other Signals", "Sure Of Sinking", or any other phrase. The first recorded mention of the false acronymic origin is in reference to the Titanic sinking of 1912, which may account for the wide spread and endurance of the myth. From the New York Times of 16 April 1912, a misstatement by a man who should have known better:

“I don’t know the name of the wireless operator aboard the Titanic, but he probably used ‘S.O.S.,’ ‘C.Q.D.,” and everything else he could think of.”

“Yes," [Marconi] went on in answer to a question, “the ‘C.Q.D.’ was the old Marconi code call for a ship in distress, but the later signal was substituted in the international code. The ‘C.Q.’ was the call for all stations to attend, and the ‘D.’ was danger. The ‘S.O.S.,’ the operators say, means ‘Save our souls.’”

Not only was Marconi wrong about the meaning of "SOS", but the "D" in "CQD" is not documented to stand for "danger", "distress" or anything else either.

(Source: Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd Edition; Proquest Historical New York Times)

##Keyes writes, “the 1912 sinking of the Titanic, whose telegraph operator kept signaling ‘SOS! SOS’ in vain, seared the acronym in the public mind.” While he is correct that the sinking of the Titanic made SOS famous, Keyes account is fanciful. The majority of the distress calls sent by the Titanic used the older CQD signal. And the efforts of the Titanic’s radio operators (there were two, not one) were not in vain. From the time the ship hit the iceberg and started to sink until power went out in the radio room several hours later, the radio operators were in constant communication with the numerous ships on the way to the rescue. Had it not been for the radio operators, many more would have died. It may seem like nitpicking, but it isn’t. Credibility requires that the facts of the story be reported accurately.

A "backronym" (sometimes "bacronym") is a "reverse acronym". To create one, you take a word that isn't an acronym and turn it into one.

Some "backronyms" are designed as "mnemonics". A classic example is the "Apgar" score for testing the health of newborns. It was named after the American physician "Virginia Apgar" but to help student doctors and nurses remember the system, it has been changed to the acronym "Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration". Similarly, the US "Amber" Alert programme is said to mean "America's Missing: Broadcast Emergency Response", though it was actually named after a missing child, "Amber Hagerman".

Backronyms are frequently humorous - Microsoft's "Bing", some quip, is actually an acronym for "Because It's Not Google"; world-weary sailors say "navy" really means "Never Again Volunteer Yourself". Many of this type are actually reinterpreted acronyms, included by courtesy in the backronym collection because nobody has yet come up with a different "-nym" for them. For example, "NTSC", the American television standard, became "Never Twice the Same Colour".

Others are folk etymology:

• "posh" doesn't stand for "Port Out, Starboard Home"
• "Wiki", the Hawaiian word that turns up in such sites as "Wikipedia", doesn't mean "What I Know Is".
• "Golf" wasn't created from "Gentlemen Only Ladies Forbidden".
• SOS doesn't stand for "Save Our Souls" or "Save Our Ship", or indeed anything at all, since it was chosen as a particularly memorable and easily recognised Morse code sequence.

Meredith Williams, in an entry to a competition in The Washington Post on 8 November 1983, seems to have coined "bacronym", as a portmanteau of "back" and "acronym". Previously, lexicographer Ben Zimmer tells me, the form was called, somewhat cumbersomely, a "prefabricated acronym" or a "reverse acronym". "Backronym" was popularised in July 1994 by another contest, in New Scientist, though "backronym" was then said to be a reinterpreted acronym, neither the original nor the current principal sense.
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s.o.s.

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Nach den schlimmen Erfahrungen im Zweiten Weltkrieg wurde 1945 die "United Nations Organization" (auf Deutsch "Vereinte Nationen", abgekürzt "UNO" oder "VN" ("Vereinte Nationen")) mit Sitz in New York gegründet. Man wollte verhindern, dass sich solche Weltkriege wiederholen. Heute sind fast alle Staaten der Erde in der UNO. Wenn es Probleme zwischen Staaten gibt, versucht die UNO zu vermitteln und damit einen Krieg zu verhindern. Die Ziele der UNO sind: die Erhaltung des Weltfriedens und die internationale Sicherheit, die freundschaftliche Zusammenarbeit der Mitglieder sowie der Schutz der Menschenrechte. Die UNO hat viele Unterorganisationen gegründet. Eine davon ist das Weltkinderhilfswerk UNICEF, das sich um Kinder in der ganzen Welt kümmert.
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UNSC (W3)

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Why virus names should be much, much simpler
Because the antivirus community can't decide what to name variants of the Yaha virus, your computer is more likely to be vulnerable to this threat. Sound unfair? It is. But Robert Vamosi has a way to solve this problem.

By Robert Vamosi
Senior associate editor, CNET Reviews
(1/8/03)

What's in a name? When it comes to viruses, plenty. A virus's full name is carefully constructed so that those of us who keep track of such things will know exactly which virus "family" it belongs to or whether it's a variant of an existing virus. The name also serves as a way for us to keep track of all the threats out there and make sure we download the necessary signature file updates for our antivirus software.
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Assume there is a new virus. F-Prot calls it "foo.a", IBMAV called it "FBAR", scan calls it "foobar.d", and Findvirus called it "foo.mp.b". Who's right? No one is. Different doesn't mean "wrong." The bottom line is that it's just one virus, regardless of what they call it.
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They follow what's called the "Computer Antivirus Researcher's Organization" ("CARO") naming convention, first adopted in 1991. The CARO naming convention was created by virus researchers Fridrik Skulason, Alan Solomon, and Vesselin Bontchev and uses a modular construction. While formal virus names may not always have all the components listed below, the components must be listed in the following order, usually separated by dots.
They are:
Group_Name: This is the original virus's name, sometimes found within the viral code.
Major_Variant: This designates a virus variant that is clearly distinct from other strains. It is often designated by a letter. For example, the worm LoveLetter is distinct from LoveLetter.A, LoveLetter.B, and LoveLetter.C.
Minor_Variant: This component designates a slight difference between viruses. It is sometimes a number that indicates the file size of the virus. For example, FunLove.4099 is a virus that is 4,099KB.
Some antivirus vendors have modified the CARO convention to include a prefix that identifies platform (W32 for Windows 32-bit systems, Linux, Mac) and a suffix (@mm) that identifies it as a mass mailer. Thus, a virus named W32.Klez.H@mm is the eighth variant of the Klez family, affects 32-bit Windows systems, and happens to be a mass mailer as well.
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